RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The second most common mode of Trypanosoma cruzi or Chagas disease transmission is via therapeutic blood transfusion. In Mexico, control of T. cruzi is still in its initial phase; in fact, there are only 14 studies published covering 10 states on T. cruzi seroprevalence in donated blood in Mexico. Here we present the results of 5 years of trypanosomiasis screening in the blood bank of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Samples from all blood donated in the period from 2004 to 2009 were analyzed. We screened for T. cruzi using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Seropositive samples were then processed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect a nuclear gene segment. RESULTS: A total of 37,333 samples were analyzed and a 0.17% (64 samples) T. cruzi seroprevalence was found. Donors were mostly from Mexico State and Mexico City, which is considered nonendemic for T. cruzi area. Of 64 seropositive samples, only two tested positive by PCR (3.12%), which amplified a 189-bp product from nuclear gene from the parasite. CONCLUSION: Although the seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection was low, this surveillance program prevented the infection of more than 100 children because each unit of blood provides 2.6 to 3.5 blood products. The majority of the donors were from Mexico State and Mexico City, which is a nonendemic area. The serodetection of T. cruzi in this region is evidence that is necessary to increase our understanding of its distribution in the Mexico City and surrounding places.
Asunto(s)
Bancos de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , Donantes de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedad de Chagas/sangre , Enfermedad de Chagas/epidemiología , Trypanosoma cruzi , Geografía , Humanos , Tamizaje Masivo/estadística & datos numéricos , México/epidemiología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
The congenital immunodeficiency disorders in which the defect has been clearly traced to the stem cell can be cured with allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) from an unaffected donor. Widespread application of this treatment modality has been tempered by the fact that risk-benefit considerations do not always favor a procedure that carries a significant risk for morbidity and mortality. Some malignant disorders of childhood eventually have to be treated by an autologous or allogeneic SCT, however nonmalignant disorders can also be treated with this approach. This article reviews the current status of SCT for nonmalignant inherited immunodeficiency disorders.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Inmunodeficiencia Combinada Grave/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Muestra de la Vellosidad Coriónica , Trasplante de Células Madre de Sangre del Cordón Umbilical , Femenino , Enfermedades Fetales/cirugía , Terapias Fetales , Trasplante de Tejido Fetal , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/estadística & datos numéricos , Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Trasplante de Hígado , Depleción Linfocítica , Masculino , Neoplasias/cirugía , Medición de Riesgo , Inmunodeficiencia Combinada Grave/clasificación , Inmunodeficiencia Combinada Grave/diagnóstico , Inmunodeficiencia Combinada Grave/embriología , Timo/trasplante , Donantes de Tejidos , Trasplante Autólogo , Trasplante Homólogo , Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich/cirugíaRESUMEN
La transfusión de sangre y sus componentes, indicada de manera sensata y precisa, es de enorme ayuda terapéutica, pero también conlleva riesgos, por lo cual debe realizarse un control estricto en la selección de donadores, en la recolección, conservación y transporte de la sangre. Las infecciones son uno de los riesgos de la transfusión sanguínea; en el presente trabajo nos referimos específicamente a los parásitos que pueden ser transmitidos por esta vía y la manera de evitarlo