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1.
Ann Bot ; 117(5): 905-23, 2016 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27098089

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: SUPERMAN is a cadastral gene controlling the sexual boundary in the flower. The gene's functions and role in flower development and evolution have remained elusive. The analysis of a contrasting SUP allelic series (for which the names superman, superwoman and supersex have been coined) makes it possible to distinguish early vs. late regulatory processes at the flower meristem centre to which SUP is an important contributor. Their understanding is essential in further addressing evolutionary questions linking bisexuality and flower meristem homeostasis. METHODS: Inter-allelic comparisons were carried out and SUP interactions with other boundary factors and flower meristem patterning and homeostasis regulators (such as CLV, WUS, PAN, CUC, KNU, AG, AP3/PI, CRC and SPT) have been evaluated at genetic, molecular, morphological and histological levels. KEY RESULTS: Early SUP functions include mechanisms of male-female (sexual) boundary specification, flower mersitem termination and control of stamen number. A SUP-dependent flower meristem termination pathway is identified and analysed. Late SUP functions play a role in organ morphogenesis by controlling intra-whorl organ separation and carpel medial region formation. By integrating early and late SUP functions, and by analyzing in one single experiment a series of SUP genetic interactions, the concept of meristematic 'transference' (cascade) - a regulatory bridging process redundantly and sequentially co-ordinating the triggering and completion of flower meristem termination, and carpel margin meristem and placenta patterning - is proposed. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results strongly support the view that SUP(-type) function(s) have been instrumental in resolving male/female gradients into sharp male and female identities (whorls, organs) and in enforcing flower homeostasis during evolution. This has probably been achieved by incorporating the meristem patterning system of the floral axis into the female/carpel programme.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Flores/crecimiento & desarrollo , Meristema/crecimiento & desarrollo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Alelos , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Flores/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Dominio MADS/genética , Meristema/genética , Mutación , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo
2.
Plant J ; 38(1): 182-92, 2004 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15053771

RESUMEN

We report a comparative analysis of cell proliferation patterns during Arabidopsis flower development. Cell division was evaluated by a direct method, i.e. the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation/immunodetection procedure. BrdU patterns in wild-type plants were correlated with the expression profiles of both several cell cycle genes involved in the control of the G(1)/S transition and cell cycle-related repressor genes, MSI4 and MSI5, encoding WD-repeat proteins. To evaluate how proliferation patterns arise with respect to boundaries and vice versa, the expression of a boundary gene, CUP SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC)2, was determined. Combining these approaches, we demonstrate that boundaries between inflorescence and floral meristems and between floral whorls are narrow bands of non-dividing cells. In addition, we show that negative and positive regulators of cell proliferation are simultaneously and continuously expressed in dividing meristematic domains, being excluded from boundary cells. Finally, BrdU incorporation and CUC2 in situ hybridisation patterns were analysed in two mutant backgrounds, agamous (ag)-1 and superman (sup)-1, in order to assess changes in boundary establishment and different levels of indeterminacy under conditions of altered proliferation at the floral meristem centre.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arabidopsis/citología , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Bromodesoxiuridina/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular , División Celular , Flores/citología , Flores/crecimiento & desarrollo , Flores/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Meristema/citología , Meristema/crecimiento & desarrollo , Meristema/metabolismo , Mutación
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