Cognitive impairment in older adults with epilepsy: Characterization and risk factor analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive deficits are common in epilepsy, though the impact of epilepsy on cognition in older adults is understudied. This study aimed to characterize cognition in older adults with epilepsy compared with healthy older adults and identify potential risk factors for impairment. METHODS: Thirty-eight older adults with epilepsy and 29 healthy controls completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, as well as measures of depression and anxiety. Chart review for current medications, seizure history, and neuroimaging was also completed. To compare cognitive performance between groups, ANOVA was used, and linear regression identified predictors of impairment among the group with epilepsy. RESULTS: Patients with epilepsy performed worse across nearly all cognitive domains, and were clinically impaired (i.e., ≥ 1.5 SD below mean) on more individual tests when compared with controls, including a subset of patients with epilepsy with normal MRIs. For all patients with epilepsy, taking a greater number of antiepileptic drugs was associated with poorer language and visuospatial abilities, and higher anxiety was associated with poorer visual memory. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with epilepsy demonstrated greater cognitive deficits than matched controls. Polytherapy and anxiety heightened the risk for cognitive impairment in some cognitive domains, but not in others. Understanding the nature of cognitive decline in this population, as well as associated risk factors, may assist in the differential diagnosis of cognitive complaints and improve the design of treatment studies for older patients with epilepsy. Replication in larger, longitudinal studies is warranted to generalize these findings.

Psychosocial telephone intervention for dementia caregivers: A randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Identifying effective and accessible interventions for dementia caregivers is critical as dementia prevalence increases. OBJECTIVE: Examine the effects of a telephone-based intervention on caregiver well-being. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and fifty distressed, family, dementia caregivers. INTERVENTION: Caregivers randomized to receive 16 telephone contacts over 6 months of either the Family Intervention: Telephone Tracking-Caregiver (FITT-C) or Telephone Support (TS). OUTCOME: Primary outcome variables were family caregivers' depressive symptoms, burden, and reactions to care recipients' behavior problems at 6 months. RESULTS: The FITT-C intervention resulted in significantly improved caregiver depressive symptoms (P = .003; 27% net improvement) and less severe reactions to care-recipient depressive behaviors (P = .009; 29% net improvement) compared with the control condition (TS). CONCLUSION: An entirely telephone-based intervention improves caregivers' depressive symptoms and reactions to behavior problems in the care recipient and is comparable with reported results of face-to-face interventions.

Improving the Quality of Handoffs in Patient Care Between Critical Care Providers in the Intensive Care Unit.

With the ever-increasing adoption of shift models for intensive care unit (ICU) staffing, improving shift-to-shift handoffs represents an important step in reducing medical errors. The authors developed an electronic handoff tool integrated within the existing electronic medical record to improve handoffs in an adult ICU. First, stakeholder (staff intensivists, fellows, and nurse practitioners/physician assistants) input was sought to define what elements they perceived as being essential to a quality handoff. The principal outcome measure of handoff accuracy was the concordance between data transmitted by the outgoing team and data received by the incoming team (termed as agreement). Based on stakeholder input, the authors developed the handoff tool and provided regular education on its use. Handoffs were observed before and after implementation of the tool. There was an increase in the level of agreement for tasks and other important data points handed off without an increase in the time required to complete the handoff.

Prediction of Cognitive and Functional Decline Using the Telephone-Administered Minnesota Cognitive Acuity Screen.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether a telephone-based cognitive assessment-the Minnesota Cognitive Acuity Screen (MCAS)-is effective in predicting cognitive and functional decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and conversion to dementia. DESIGN: Longitudinal. SETTING: Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 60 to 84 with MCI (N = 61). MEASUREMENTS: An initial office visit consisting of a neurological examination, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), and neuropsychological testing using the Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2), followed by the MCAS within 1 month. Participants completed up to three follow-up in-office neuropsychological assessments, originally scheduled 1 year apart. A multidisciplinary consensus group determined diagnosis (MCI, dementia) at each assessment. RESULTS: Higher baseline MCAS total scores emerged as a significant predictor of slower functional decline (P = .002) and dementia conversion (P = .02). An increase in score from 43 to 50 points (1st to 3rd quartile) was associated with a 0.59-point (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23-0.95) lower CDR score at follow-up, and a 71% (95% CI = 1.11-2.63) increase in median time to dementia conversion from 2 years to 3.5 years. Of the MCAS subscales, delayed word recall predicted functional decline alone (P < .001), whereas computation was nominally associated with cognitive (P = .01) and functional (P = .01) decline. CONCLUSION: The brief telephone-administered MCAS provides valuable information about future cognitive and functional decline in older adults with MCI and predicted conversion from MCI to dementia. These findings provide additional support for use of MCAS in clinical and research settings. The instrument may be particularly valuable in settings in which an office visit is difficult.