RESUMEN
AIM: We have evaluated the pharmacogenetic content of commercial human genome-wide genotyping arrays, as it is a critical determinant to enabling pharmacogenomic discoveries. METHODS: Using bioinformatics approaches, we assessed 27,811 genetic variants in 3146 genes for their presence in 18 Illumina and 15 Affymetrix genome-wide arrays. RESULTS: The pharmacogenetic content of the arrays varied greatly. The combination of the Affymetrix precision medicine array and PharmacoScan arrays (Affymetrix) had the highest coverage for a set of clinically actionable absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) variants, single nucleotide ADME variants and ADME insertions/deletions, with a physical coverage of 125/130 (96.2%), 9924/24,138 (41.1%) and 2252/3994 (56.4%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of the Affymetrix precision medicine array and PharmacoScan arrays provided both genome-wide and pharmacogene coverage, which is crucial in the discovering of new variants responsible for drug adverse effects. These results will help in the design of pharmacogenomic studies and will enable a critical review of results from past studies.
Asunto(s)
Genoma Humano/genética , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos/métodos , Farmacogenética/métodos , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo/métodos , Genotipo , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Medicina de Precisión/métodosRESUMEN
The pacemaking activity of specialized tissues in the heart and gut results in lifelong rhythmic contractions. Here we describe a new syndrome characterized by Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia, termed CAID syndrome, in 16 French Canadians and 1 Swede. We show that a single shared homozygous founder mutation in SGOL1, a component of the cohesin complex, causes CAID syndrome. Cultured dermal fibroblasts from affected individuals showed accelerated cell cycle progression, a higher rate of senescence and enhanced activation of TGF-ß signaling. Karyotypes showed the typical railroad appearance of a centromeric cohesion defect. Tissues derived from affected individuals displayed pathological changes in both the enteric nervous system and smooth muscle. Morpholino-induced knockdown of sgol1 in zebrafish recapitulated the abnormalities seen in humans with CAID syndrome. Our findings identify CAID syndrome as a novel generalized dysrhythmia, suggesting a new role for SGOL1 and the cohesin complex in mediating the integrity of human cardiac and gut rhythm.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples/genética , Arritmias Cardíacas/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas Cromosómicas no Histona/genética , Enfermedades Intestinales/genética , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Transducción de Señal/genética , Animales , Arritmias Cardíacas/patología , Ciclo Celular/genética , Sistema Nervioso Entérico/patología , Fibroblastos , Efecto Fundador , Tracto Gastrointestinal/fisiopatología , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Enfermedades Intestinales/fisiopatología , Cariotipificación , Contracción Muscular/genética , Músculo Liso Vascular/patología , Mutación/genética , Quebec , Síndrome , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Pez Cebra , CohesinasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In multicellular organisms, cell-cell junctions are involved in many aspects of tissue morphogenesis. α-catenin links the cadherin-catenin complex (CCC) to the actin cytoskeleton, stabilizing cadherin-dependent adhesions. RESULTS: To identify modulators of cadherin-based cell adhesion, we conducted a genome-wide RNAi screen in C. elegans and uncovered MAGI-1, a highly conserved protein scaffold. Loss of magi-1 function in wild-type embryos results in disorganized epithelial migration and occasional morphogenetic failure. MAGI-1 physically interacts with the putative actin regulator AFD-1/afadin; knocking down magi-1 or afd-1 function in a hypomorphic α-catenin background leads to complete morphogenetic failure and actin disorganization in the embryonic epidermis. MAGI-1 and AFD-1 localize to a unique domain in the apical junction and normal accumulation of MAGI-1 at junctions requires SAX-7/L1CAM, which can bind MAGI-1 via its C terminus. Depletion of MAGI-1 leads to loss of spatial segregation and expansion of apical junctional domains and greater mobility of junctional proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Our screen is the first genome-wide approach to identify proteins that function synergistically with the CCC during epidermal morphogenesis in a living embryo. We demonstrate novel physical interactions between MAGI-1, AFD-1/afadin, and SAX-7/L1CAM, which are part of a functional interactome that includes components of the core CCC. Our results further suggest that MAGI-1 helps to partition and maintain a stable, spatially ordered apical junction during morphogenesis.