The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc.

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of host immunity to pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed c-Myc as a new and direct downstream target of XBP1 for regulation of NK cell proliferation. Genetic ablation or pharmaceutical blockade of IRE1α downregulated c-Myc, and NK cells with c-Myc haploinsufficency phenocopied IRE1α-XBP1 deficiency. c-Myc overexpression largely rescued the proliferation defect in IRE1α-/- NK cells. Like c-Myc, IRE1α-XBP1 also promotes oxidative phosphorylation in NK cells. Overall, our study identifies a IRE1α-XBP1-cMyc axis in NK cell immunity, providing insight into host protection against infection and cancer.

Evidence for the association of triatomic molecules in ultracold 23Na40K + 40K mixtures.

Ultracold assembly of diatomic molecules has enabled great advances in controlled chemistry, ultracold chemical physics and quantum simulation with molecules1-3. Extending the ultracold association to triatomic molecules will offer many new research opportunities and challenges in these fields. A possible approach is to form triatomic molecules in a mixture of ultracold atoms and diatomic molecules by using a Feshbach resonance between them4,5. Although ultracold atom-diatomic-molecule Feshbach resonances have been observed recently6,7, using these resonances to form triatomic molecules remains challenging. Here we report on evidence of the association of triatomic molecules near the Feshbach resonance between 23Na40K molecules in the rovibrational ground state and 40K atoms. We apply a radio-frequency pulse to drive the free-bound transition in ultracold mixtures of 23Na40K and 40K and monitor the loss of 23Na40K molecules. The association of triatomic molecules manifests itself as an additional loss feature in the radio-frequency spectra, which can be distinguished from the atomic loss feature. The observation that the distance between the association feature and the atomic transition changes with the magnetic field provides strong evidence for the formation of triatomic molecules. The binding energy of the triatomic molecules is estimated from the measurements. Our work contributes to the understanding of the complex ultracold atom-molecule Feshbach resonances and may open up an avenue towards the preparation and control of ultracold triatomic molecules.

Heterodimensional superlattice with in-plane anomalous Hall effect.

Superlattices-a periodic stacking of two-dimensional layers of two or more materials-provide a versatile scheme for engineering materials with tailored properties1,2. Here we report an intrinsic heterodimensional superlattice consisting of alternating layers of two-dimensional vanadium disulfide (VS2) and a one-dimensional vanadium sulfide (VS) chain array, deposited directly by chemical vapour deposition. This unique superlattice features an unconventional 1T stacking with a monoclinic unit cell of VS2/VS layers identified by scanning transmission electron microscopy. An unexpected Hall effect, persisting up to 380 kelvin, is observed when the magnetic field is in-plane, a condition under which the Hall effect usually vanishes. The observation of this effect is supported by theoretical calculations, and can be attributed to an unconventional anomalous Hall effect owing to an out-of-plane Berry curvature induced by an in-plane magnetic field, which is related to the one-dimensional VS chain. Our work expands the conventional understanding of superlattices and will stimulate the synthesis of more extraordinary superstructures.

HERC3 promotes YAP/TAZ stability and tumorigenesis independently of its ubiquitin ligase activity.

YAP/TAZ transcriptional co-activators play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis. In the Hippo pathway, diverse signals activate the MST-LATS kinase cascade that leads to YAP/TAZ phosphorylation, and subsequent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by SCFß-TrCP . When the MST-LATS kinase cascade is inactive, unphosphorylated or dephosphorylated YAP/TAZ translocate into the nucleus to mediate TEAD-dependent gene transcription. Hippo signaling-independent YAP/TAZ activation in human malignancies has also been observed, yet the mechanism remains largely elusive. Here, we report that the ubiquitin E3 ligase HERC3 can promote YAP/TAZ activation independently of its enzymatic activity. HERC3 directly binds to ß-TrCP, blocks its interaction with YAP/TAZ, and thus prevents YAP/TAZ ubiquitination and degradation. Expression levels of HERC3 correlate with YAP/TAZ protein levels and expression of YAP/TAZ target genes in breast tumor cells and tissues. Accordingly, knockdown of HERC3 expression ameliorates tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells. Our results establish HERC3 as a critical regulator of the YAP/TAZ stability and a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Industrial Waste Derived Separators for Zn-Ion Batteries Achieve Homogeneous Zn(002) Deposition Through Low Chemical Affinity Effects.

Designing a cost-effective and multifunctional separator that ensures dendrite-free and stable Zn metal anode remains a significant challenge. Herein, a multifunctional cellulose-based separator is presented consisting of industrial waste-fly ash particles and cellulose nanofiber using a facile solution-coating method. The resulting fly ash-cellulose (FACNF) separators enable a high ion conductivity (5.76 mS cm-1) and low desolvation energy barrier of hydrated Zn2+. These features facilitate fast ion transfer kinetics and inhibit water-induced side reactions. Furthermore, experimental results and theoretical simulations confirm that the presence of fly ash particles in FACNF separators effectively accommodate the preferential deposition of Zn(002) planes, due to the weak chemical affinity between Zn(002) plane and fly ash, to mitigate dendrite formation and growth. Consequently, the utilization of FACNF separators causes an impressive cycling performance in both Zn||Zn symmetric cells (1600 h at 2 mA cm-2/1 mAh cm-2) and Zn||(NH4)2V10O25 (NVO) full cells (4000 cycles with the capacity retention of 92.1% at 5 A g-1). Furthermore, the assembled pouch cells can steadily support digital thermometer over two months without generating gas and volume expansion. This work provides new insights for achieving crystallographic uniformity in Zn anodes and realizing cost-effective and long-lasting aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs).

Proteomic analysis of mitochondria associated membranes in renal ischemic reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) communicate via contact sites known as mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs). Many important cellular functions such as bioenergetics, mitophagy, apoptosis, and calcium signaling are regulated by MAMs, which are thought to be closely related to ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI). However, there exists a gap in systematic proteomic research addressing the relationship between these cellular processes. METHODS: A 4D label free mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs) from the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2 cells) was conducted under both normal (N) and hypoxia/reperfusion (HR) conditions. Subsequent differential proteins analysis aimed to characterize disease-relevant signaling molecules. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was applied to total proteins and differentially expressed proteins, encompassing Biological Process (BP), Cell Component (CC), Molecular Function (MF), and KEGG pathways. Further, Protein-Protein Interaction Network (PPI) exploration was carried out, leading to the identification of hub genes from differentially expressed proteins. Notably, Mitofusion 2 (MFN2) and BCL2/Adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3(BNIP3) were identified and subsequently validated both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the impact of MFN2 on MAMs during hypoxia/reoxygenation was explored through regulation of gene expression. Subsequently, a comparative proteomics analysis was conducted between OE-MFN2 and normal HK-2 cells, providing further insights into the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: A total of 4489 proteins were identified, with 3531 successfully quantified. GO/KEGG analysis revealed that MAM proteins were primarily associated with mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. Differential analysis between the two groups showed that 688 proteins in HR HK-2 cells exhibited significant changes in expression level with P-value < 0.05 and HR/N > 1.5 or HR/N < 0.66 set as the threshold criteria. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins unveiled biological processes such as mRNA splicing, apoptosis regulation, and cell division, while molecular functions were predominantly associated with energy metabolic activity. These proteins play key roles in the cellular responses during HR, offering insights into the IRI mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. The validation of hub genes MFN2 and BNIP3 both in vitro and vivo was consistent with the proteomic findings. MFN2 demonstrated a protective role in maintaining the integrity of mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs) and mitigating mitochondrial damage following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, this protective effect may be associated with the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The proteins located in mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs) are implicated in crucial roles during renal ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI), with MFN2 playing a pivotal regulatory role in this context.

Observation of Photoassociation Resonances in Ultracold Atom-Molecule Collisions.

We report on the observation of photoassociation resonances in ultracold collisions between ^{23}Na^{40}K molecules and ^{40}K atoms. We perform photoassociation in a long-wavelength optical dipole trap to form deeply bound triatomic molecules in electronically excited states. The atom-molecule Feshbach resonance is used to enhance the free-bound Franck-Condon overlap. The photoassociation into well-defined quantum states of excited triatomic molecules is identified by observing resonantly enhanced loss features. These loss features depend on the polarization of the photoassociation lasers, allowing us to assign rotational quantum numbers. The observation of ultracold atom-molecule photoassociation resonances paves the way toward preparing ground-state triatomic molecules, provides a new high-resolution spectroscopy technique for polyatomic molecules, and is also important to atom-molecule Feshbach resonances.

Cavomycins A-C, Linear Oligomer Depsipeptides from an Annelid-Associated Streptomyces cavourensis.

Three unique linear oligomeric depsipeptides, designated as cavomycins A-C (1-3), were identified from Streptomyces cavourensis, a gut bacterium associated with the annelid Paraleonnates uschakovi. The structures of these depsipeptides were determined through a combination of spectroscopic methods and chemical derivatization techniques, including methanolysis, the modified Mosher's method, advanced Marfey's methods, and phenylglycine methyl ester derivatization. The unique dipeptidyl residue arrangements in compounds 1-3 indicate that they are not degradation products of valinomycin. Compound 2 and its methylation derivative 2a exhibited antiproliferative activity against PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells with IC50 values of 1.2 and 1.7 µM, respectively.

The altered hippocampal functional connectivity and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level predict cognitive decline in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often suffer from cognitive decline and increased dementia risk, but the neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated cognitive performance and collected brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and blood samples from cognitively normal KOA patients at baseline sessions and reevaluated their cognition after 5 years. We also collected MRI data from matched healthy controls. Results showed that KOA patients exhibited dysregulated functional connectivities between the hippocampus and thalamus/superior frontal gyrus compared with healthy controls. The altered hippocampal functional connectivities were associated with serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and spatial expression of genes enriched in synaptic plasticity. The hippocampus-thalamus functional connectivity was significantly correlated with patients' memory scores. Moreover, the baseline hippocampus-thalamus functional connectivity and BDNF levels significantly predicted the development of cognitive decline in KOA patients in the follow-up session. Our findings provide insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of KOA and cognitive decline.

Associations of serum uric acid with hypertension status, stages, phenotypes and progressions among Chinese middle-aged and elderly.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: No consensus has been reached on the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the associations between SUA and hypertension, including its status, stages, phenotypes and progressions, among middle-aged and older Chinese. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011-2015. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between SUA and hypertension status. Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the associations of SUA with hypertension stages, phenotypes and hypertension status progressions. Models were adjusted for potential confounders and stratified by sex. A total of 7931 individuals aged ≥45 years were included, with 39.16 % of hypertension. Significant associations were found of SUA with stage2 and above hypertension (quartile 4 [Q4] vs quartile 1 [Q1]: odds ratio 1.78, 95 % confidence interval 1.31-2.42, P < 0.001), and systolic diastolic hypertension (SDH) (Q4 vs Q1: 1.53, 1.14-2.06, P = 0.005). In sex stratification, significant associations were found between SUA and stage2 and above hypertension and SDH only for men. Moreover, higher quartiles of baseline SUA showed increased risks of maintained hypertension from 2011 to 2015 (Q3 vs Q1: 1.23, 1.03-1.48, P = 0.024; Q4 vs Q1: 1.73, 1.43-2.10, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Higher SUA was associated with hypertension and maintained hypertension among Chinese middle-aged and elderly. Sex-specific associations of SUA with hypertension stages and phenotypes were observed. Regular measurement of SUA in clinical practice may indicate hypertension and its progression, particularly among men.

Propagation properties of a partially coherent electromagnetic hyperbolic-sine-Gaussian vortex beam through anisotropic atmospheric turbulence.

Using the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the Rytov approximation, the analytical formula for the propagation of a partially coherent electromagnetic hyperbolic-sine-Gaussian vortex beam (PCEShVB) in anisotropic atmospheric turbulence has been theoretically derived. Detailed studies have been conducted on the evolution characteristics of the average intensity, the degree of coherence (DOC), and the degree of polarization (DOP) of the beam in turbulence. The results show that during propagation, the intensity distribution of the beam will exhibit a spiral structure, and the overall distribution of the light spots will rotate in a direction related to the sign of the topological charge. The DOC distribution of PCEShVB will display a pattern reminiscent of beam interference fringes with an increase in propagation distance, with the number of "interference fringes" greatly impacted by the hyperbolic sine parameter. Furthermore, PCEShVB with a large initial coherent length and hyperbolic sine parameter will increase the degree of separation of the spots and yield a large DOP. Finally, for the validation of the theoretical findings, the random phase screen method was employed to simulate the propagation of PCEShVB through anisotropic atmospheric turbulence. The studies revealed a consistent alignment between the simulation results and the theoretical predictions.

Preparation and Application of Volatilized Wormwood Essence Derived Naturally into Green Insecticide.

Naturally occurring substances and their derivatives function as vital resources for pesticides that can be used in fields, such as insecticide production and fungicide development. As a botanical entity displaying multifaceted biological functions, wormwood has received thorough scrutiny across multiple sectors. The insect repellency potency combined with antibacterial and antifungal activities of wormwood position it as a potential candidate for prospective development into eco-friendly chemical pesticides. In this research, Wormwood essential oil was procured via ethanol water under ultrasonic scenarios and subsequently diluted with PEG 400 to formulate green chemical pesticides. The defensive efficacy of this green pesticide on plants was validated through 2 weeks of clustered plant growth experiments. Active constituents that exerted their effects were scrutinized by GC-MS. Furthermore, this green pesticide also displays efficacious effects on the prevention and management of aphids, exhibiting a dose-dependent relationship. 4-terpenol, eucalyptol, carvacrol, and L-borneol were identified by GC-MS as the predominant active constituents in this green chemical pesticide. Wormwood can be leveraged to develop green chemical pesticides, which can protect plants without contaminating the environment.

Genetic evidence for the causal relationships between migraine, dementia, and longitudinal brain atrophy.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a neurological disease with a significant genetic component and is characterized by recurrent and prolonged episodes of headache. Previous epidemiological studies have reported a higher risk of dementia in migraine patients. Neuroimaging studies have also shown structural brain atrophy in regions that are common to migraine and dementia. However, these studies are observational and cannot establish causality. The present study aims to explore the genetic causal relationship between migraine and dementia, as well as the mediation roles of brain structural changes in this association using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: We collected the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of migraine and its two subtypes, as well as four common types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and Lewy body dementia. In addition, we collected the GWAS summary statistics of seven longitudinal brain measures that characterize brain structural alterations with age. Using these GWAS, we performed Two-sample MR analyses to investigate the causal effects of migraine and its two subtypes on dementia and brain structural changes. To explore the possible mediation of brain structural changes between migraine and dementia, we conducted a two-step MR mediation analysis. RESULTS: The MR analysis demonstrated a significant association between genetically predicted migraine and an increased risk of AD (OR = 1.097, 95% CI = [1.040, 1.158], p = 7.03 × 10- 4). Moreover, migraine significantly accelerated annual atrophy of the total cortical surface area (-65.588 cm2 per year, 95% CI = [-103.112, -28.064], p = 6.13 × 10- 4) and thalamic volume (-9.507 cm3 per year, 95% CI = [-15.512, -3.502], p = 1.91 × 10- 3). The migraine without aura (MO) subtype increased the risk of AD (OR = 1.091, 95% CI = [1.059, 1.123], p = 6.95 × 10- 9) and accelerated annual atrophy of the total cortical surface area (-31.401 cm2 per year, 95% CI = [-43.990, -18.811], p = 1.02 × 10- 6). The two-step MR mediation analysis revealed that thalamic atrophy partly mediated the causal effect of migraine on AD, accounting for 28.2% of the total effect. DISCUSSION: This comprehensive MR study provided genetic evidence for the causal effect of migraine on AD and identified longitudinal thalamic atrophy as a potential mediator in this association. These findings may inform brain intervention targets to prevent AD risk in migraine patients.

In-Situ Ultrafast Construction of Zinc Tungstate Interface Layer for Highly Reversible Zinc Anodes.

Constructing artificial solid electrolyte interface on the Zn anode surface is recognized as an appealing method to inhibit zinc dendrites and side reactions, whereas the current techniques are complex and time-consuming. Here, a robust and zincophilic zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) layer has been in situ constructed on the Zn anode surface (denoted as ZWO@Zn) by an ultrafast chemical solution reaction. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the ZWO layer can effectively modulate the interfacial electric field distribution and promote the Zn2+ uniform diffusion, thus facilitating the uniform Zn2+ nucleation and suppressing zinc dendrites. Besides, ZWO layer can prevent direct contact between the Zn/water and increase the hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential to eliminate side reactions. Consequently, the in situ constructed ZWO layer facilitates remarkable reversibility in the ZWO@Zn||Ti battery, achieving an impressive Coulombic efficiency of 99.36 % under 1.0 mA cm-2, unprecedented cycling lifespan exceeding 1800 h under 1.0 mA cm-2 in ZWO@Zn||ZWO@Zn battery, and a steady and reliable operation of the overall ZWO@Zn||VS2 battery. The work provides a simple, low cost, and ultrafast pathway to crafting protective layers for driving advancements in aqueous zinc-metal batteries.

PTPN3 acts as a tumor suppressor and boosts TGF-ß signaling independent of its phosphatase activity.

TGF-ß controls a variety of cellular functions during development. Abnormal TGF-ß responses are commonly found in human diseases such as cancer, suggesting that TGF-ß signaling must be tightly regulated. Here, we report that protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 3 (PTPN3) profoundly potentiates TGF-ß signaling independent of its phosphatase activity. PTPN3 stabilizes TGF-ß type I receptor (TßRI) through attenuating the interaction between Smurf2 and TßRI. Consequently, PTPN3 facilitates TGF-ß-induced R-Smad phosphorylation, transcriptional responses, and subsequent physiological responses. Importantly, the leucine-to-arginine substitution at amino acid residue 232 (L232R) of PTPN3, a frequent mutation found in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), disables its role in enhancing TGF-ß signaling and abolishes its tumor-suppressive function. Our findings have revealed a vital role of PTPN3 in regulating TGF-ß signaling during normal physiology and pathogenesis.

Decoding subject's own name in the primary auditory cortex.

Current studies have shown that perception of subject's own name (SON) involves multiple multimodal brain regions, while activities in unimodal sensory regions (i.e., primary auditory cortex) and their interaction with multimodal regions during the self-processing remain unclear. To answer this, we combined multivariate pattern analysis and dynamic causal modelling analysis to explore the regional activation pattern and inter-region effective connection during the perception of SON. We found that SON and other names could be decoded from the activation pattern in the primary auditory cortex. In addition, we found an excitatory effect of SON on connections from the anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus to the primary auditory cortex, and to the temporoparietal junction. Our findings extended the current knowledge of self-processing by showing that primary auditory cortex could discriminate SON from other names. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the importance of influence of the insula on the primary auditory cortex during self-processing.

Serum neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.2.75, BA.2.76, BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in individuals receiving Evusheld.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is undergoing continuous evolution and convergent mutation. These new subvariants are raising concerns that they may evade neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We investigated the serum neutralization efficacy of Evusheld (cilgavimab and tixagevimab) against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.2.75, BA.2.76, BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1.5. A total of 90 serum samples from healthy individuals were collected in Shanghai. Anti-RBD antibodies were measured and symptoms of infection with COVID-19 were compared among those individuals. The neutralizing activity of serum against Omicron variants was analyzed by pseudovirus neutralization assays in 22 samples. Evusheld retained neutralizing activity against BA.2, BA.2.75, and BA.5, albeit with somewhat reduced titers. However, the neutralizing activity of Evusheld against BA.2.76, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1.5 significantly decreased, with XBB.1.5 showing the greatest escape activity among the subvariants. We also observed that Evusheld recipients displayed elevated antibody levels in their serum, which efficiently neutralized the original variant, and exhibited different characteristics of infection than those who did not receive Evusheld. The mAb has partial neutralization activity against Omicron sublineages. However, the increasing doses of mAb and a larger size of population should be further investigated.

Vertical tubular zinc oxide microcavity enables efficient colloidal quantum dot lasing.

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) can potentially enable new classes of highly flexible, spectrally tunable lasers processible from solutions. Despite a considerable progress over the past years, colloidal-QD lasing is still an important challenge. We report vertical tubular zinc oxide (VT-ZnO) and lasing based on VT-ZnO/CsPb(Br0.5Cl0.5)3 CQDs composite. Due to regular hexagonal structure and smooth surface of VT-ZnO, the light emitted at around 525 nm is effectively modulated under 325 nm continuous excitation. The VT-ZnO/ CQDs composite finally shows lasing with a threshold of ∼ 46.9 µJ.cm-2 and a Q factor of ∼ 2978 under 400 nm femtosecond (fs) excitation. This ZnO based cavity can be complexed with CQDs easily, which may pave a new way of colloidal-QD lasing.

Respiratory microbiota and radiomics features in the stable COPD patients.

BACKGROUNDS: The respiratory microbiota and radiomics correlate with the disease severity and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aim to characterize the respiratory microbiota and radiomics features of COPD patients and explore the relationship between them. METHODS: Sputa from stable COPD patients were collected for bacterial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Chest computed tomography (CT) and 3D-CT analysis were conducted for radiomics information, including the percentages of low attenuation area below - 950 Hounsfield Units (LAA%), wall thickness (WT), and intraluminal area (Ai). WT and Ai were adjusted by body surface area (BSA) to WT/[Formula: see text] and Ai/BSA, respectively. Some key pulmonary function indicators were collected, which included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusion lung carbon monoxide (DLco). Differences and correlations of microbiomics with radiomics and clinical indicators between different patient subgroups were assessed. RESULTS: Two bacterial clusters dominated by Streptococcus and Rothia were identified. Chao and Shannon indices were higher in the Streptococcus cluster than that in the Rothia cluster. Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA) indicated significant differences between their community structures. Higher relative abundance of Actinobacteria was detected in the Rothia cluster. Some genera were more common in the Streptococcus cluster, mainly including Leptotrichia, Oribacterium, Peptostreptococcus. Peptostreptococcus was positively correlated with DLco per unit of alveolar volume as a percentage of predicted value (DLco/VA%pred). The patients with past-year exacerbations were more in the Streptococcus cluster. Fungal analysis revealed two clusters dominated by Aspergillus and Candida. Chao and Shannon indices of the Aspergillus cluster were higher than that in the Candida cluster. PCoA showed distinct community compositions between the two clusters. Greater abundance of Cladosporium and Penicillium was found in the Aspergillus cluster. The patients of the Candida cluster had upper FEV1 and FEV1/FVC levels. In radiomics, the patients of the Rothia cluster had higher LAA% and WT/[Formula: see text] than those of the Streptococcus cluster. Haemophilus, Neisseria and Cutaneotrichosporon positively correlated with Ai/BSA, but Cladosporium negatively correlated with Ai/BSA. CONCLUSIONS: Among respiratory microbiota in stable COPD patients, Streptococcus dominance was associated with an increased risk of exacerbation, and Rothia dominance was relevant to worse emphysema and airway lesions. Peptostreptococcus, Haemophilus, Neisseria and Cutaneotrichosporon probably affected COPD progression and potentially could be disease prediction biomarkers.

In-Plane Anomalous Hall Effect in PT-Symmetric Antiferromagnetic Materials.

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE), a protocol of various low-power dissipation quantum phenomena and a fundamental precursor of intriguing topological phases of matter, is usually observed in ferromagnetic materials with an orthogonal configuration between the electric field, magnetization, and the Hall current. Here, based on the symmetry analysis, we find an unconventional AHE induced by the in-plane magnetic field (IPAHE) via the spin-canting effect in PT-symmetric antiferromagnetic (AFM) systems, featuring a linear dependence of magnetic field and 2π angle periodicity with a comparable magnitude to conventional AHE. We demonstrate the key findings in the known AFM Dirac semimetal CuMnAs and a new kind of AFM heterodimensional VS_{2}-VS superlattice with a nodal-line Fermi surface and, also, briefly discuss the experimental detection. Our Letter provides an efficient pathway for searching and/or designing realistic materials for a novel IPAHE that could greatly facilitate their application in AFM spintronic devices. National Science Foundation.