Salinity-mediated water self-purification via bond network distorting of H2O molecules on DRC-surface.

High salinity has plagued wastewater treatment for a long time by hindering pollutant removal, thereby becoming a global challenge for water pollution control that is difficult to overcome even with massive energy consumption. Herein, we propose a novel process for rapid salinity-mediated water self-purification in a dual-reaction-centers (DRC) system with cation-π structures. In this process, local hydrogen bond networks of H2O molecules can be distorted through the mediation of salinity, thereby opening the channels for the preferential contact of pollutants on the DRC interface. As the result, the elimination rate of pollutants increased approximately 32-fold at high salinity (100 mM) without any external energy consumption. Our findings provide a novel technology for high-efficiency and low-consumption water self-purification, which is of great significance in environmental remediation and even fine chemical industry.

Water Self-Purification with Zero External Consumption by Livestock Manure Resource Utilization.

Improper disposal of waste biomass and an increasing number of emerging contaminants (ECs) in water environment are universal threats to the global environment. Here, we creatively propose a sustainable strategy for the direct resource transformation of livestock manure (LM) into an innovative catalyst (Fe-CCM) for water self-purification with zero external consumption. ECs can be rapidly degraded in this self-purification system at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, without any external oxidants or energy input, accompanied by H2O and dissolved oxygen (DO) activation. The performance of the self-purification system is not affected by various types of salinity in the wastewater, and the corresponding second-order kinetic constant is improved 7 times. The enhanced water self-purification mechanism reveales that intermolecular forces between anions and pollutants reinforce electron exchange between pollutants and metal sites on the catalyst, further inducing the utilization of the intrinsic energy of contaminants, H2O, and DO through the interfacial reaction. This work provides new insights into the rapid removal of ECs in complicated water systems with zero external consumption and is expected to advance the resource utilization of livestock waste.

Ornithinimicrobium laminariae sp. nov., isolated from the kelp Laminaria japonica.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-sporulating, yellow-pigmented and rod or cocci-shaped bacterium, designated Arc0846-15T, was isolated from the kelp Laminaria japonica. Strain Arc0846-15T was found to grow at 16-35 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). Cells were positive for catalase and negative for oxidase activity. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, revealed that the nearest phylogenetic neighbour strains of strain Arc0846-15T were Ornithinimicrobium murale 01 Gi-040T (96.2 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (96.1 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (95.2 %). Based on phylogenomic analysis, the average nucleotide identity values between strain Arc0846-15T and the neighbour strains were 69.8, 69.7 and 69.8 %, respectively; the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain Arc0846-15T and its three closest neighbour strains were 18.8, 19.1 and 19.3 %, respectively. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8 (H4). The dominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1 ω8c, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipid, one unidentified aminolipid and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain Arc0846-15T was 61.6 mol% based on the whole genome sequence. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain Arc0846-15T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium laminariae sp. nov. is proposed, with Arc0846-15T (=KCTC 49655T=MCCC 1K06093T) as the type strain.

Tamlana haliotis sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the abalone Haliotis rubra.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, yellow-pigmented rod-shaped and alginate-degrading bacterium, designated B1N29T, was isolated from the gut of the abalone Haliotis rubra obtained in Weihai, China. Strain B1N29T was found to grow at 4-35 ℃ (optimum, 25 ℃), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, 7.0-7.5) and in the presence of 0.5-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2%). Cells were positive for oxidase and catalase activity. The 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain B1N29T were Tamlana carrageenivorans KCTC 62451T (98.2%) and Tamlana agarivorans KCTC 22176T (97.7%). Based on the phylogenomic analysis, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain B1N29T and the neighbor strains were 79.2 and 79.0%, respectively; the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain B1N29T and its two closest neighbors were 22.8 and 23.0%, respectively. Menaquinone-6 (MK-6) was detected as the sole respiratory quinone. The dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:1 G. The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, one aminophospholipid, seven aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain B1N29T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tamlana, for which the name Tamlana haliotis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B1N29T (= KCTC 72683T = MCCC 1H00394T).

Shewanella nanhaiensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from sediment of South China Sea, and emended descriptions of Shewanella woodyi, Shewanella hanedai and Shewanella canadensis.

A Gram-stain-negative, motile, facultative anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NR704-98T, was isolated from marine sediment of the northern South China Sea. Cells were positive for oxidase and catalase activity. Growth was observed at 4-30 °C (optimum 20-25 °C), at pH 6-9 (pH 7) and with 0.5-7 % NaCl (2 %). The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain NR704-98T were Shewanella woodyi MS32T (97.9 %), Shewanella hanedai 281T (97.1 %), Shewanella sediminis HAW-EB3T (96.8 %) and Shewanella canadensis HAW-EB2T (96.7 %). Based on the results of phylogenomic analysis, the average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NR704-98T and the previously mentioned type strains of species of the genus Shewanella were in the range of 74.9-93.1 % and 20.6-51.4 %, respectively. The respiratory quinones were Q-7 and Q-8. The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) of strain NR704-98T were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and iso-C15 : 0. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminophospholipids and five unidentified lipids were detected in strain NR704-98T. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain NR704-98T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella nanhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NR704-98T (=KCTC 82799T=MCCC 1K06091T).

Ruegeria haliotis sp. nov., Isolated from the Gut of the Abalone Haliotis rubra.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, white-pigmented, short rod-shaped, and alginate-degrading bacterium, designated B1Z28T, was isolated from the gut of the abalone Haliotis rubra obtained at Weihai, China. Strain B1Z28T was found to grow at 4-35 °C, pH 6.5-9.0, and in the presence of 0.5-8.0% (w/v) NaCl. Cells were positive for oxidase and catalase activity. The 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain B1Z28T were Tritonibacter scottomollicae MCCC 1A06440T (98.1%), Ruegeria faecimaris KCTC 23044T (98.0%), and Ruegeria meonggei KCTC 32450T (97.8%). Based on phylogenomic analysis, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain B1Z28T and the neighbor strains were 71.6, 77.2, and 78.1%, respectively; the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values based on the draft genomes between strain B1Z28T and its closest neighbors were 20.5, 20.8, and 21.6%, respectively. Ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) was detected as the predominant respiratory quinone. The dominant cellular fatty acids were Summed feature 8 (contained C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phospholipid (PL), aminolipid (AL), and three unidentified lipids. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain B1Z28T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ruegeria, for which the name Ruegeria haliotis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B1Z28T (= KCTC 72686T = MCCC 1H00393T).

Salinimicrobium nanhaiense sp. nov. and Salinimicrobium oceani sp. nov., two novel species of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the South China Sea.

Strains J15B81-2T and J15B91T were isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. Cells of both strains were observed to be rod-shaped, non-gliding, Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and showing optimum growth at 30 °C. Strains J15B81-2T and J15B91T could tolerate up to 9 and 10  % (w/v) NaCl concentration and grow at pH 6.5-9.5 and 6.0-9.0, respectively. The strains shared 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each other but were identified as two distinct species based on 81.1-85.8 % ANIb and 31.5 % dDDH values calculated using whole genome sequences. Strains J15B81-2T and J15B91T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Salinimicrobium xinjiangense CGMCC 1.12522T (98.4 %) and Salinimicrobium sediminis CGMCC 1.12641T (98.0 %), respectively. Among species with validly published names, S. sediminis CGMCC 1.12641T shared close genetic relatedness with strains J15B81-2T [85.1-85.3% average nucleotide identity based on blastBlast+ (ANIb) and 30.6 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH)] and J15B91T (76.6-79.1 % ANIb and 21.5 % dDDH). The major fatty acid of strains J15B81-2T and J15B91T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, respectively, and the major polar lipids of the two strains consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The strains contained MK-6 as their predominant menaquinone. The genomic G+C contents of strains J15B81-2T and J15B91T were determined to be 41.7 and 41.8 mol %, respectively. Both strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Salinimicrobium and the names Salinimicrobium nanhaiense sp. nov. and Salinimicrobium oceani sp. nov. are proposed for strains J15B81-2T (=KCTC 72867T=MCCC 1H00410T) and J15B91T (=KCTC 72869T=MCCC 1H00411T), respectively.

Seonamhaeicola maritimus sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and orange-pigmented bacterium, designated 1505T, was isolated from marine sediment that was obtained off the coast of Weihai, PR China. Strain 1505T was found to grow at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, 7.5) and in the presence of 1-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). Cells were positive for oxidase and catalase activity. The 16S rRNA gene based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain 1505T were Seonamhaeicola algicola Gy8T (97.1 %), Seonamhaeicola marinus B011T (96.3 %) and Seonamhaeicola aphaedonensis KCTC 32578T (95.6 %). Based on phylogenomic analysis, the average nucleotide identity values between strain 1505T and S. algicola Gy8T, S. marinus B011T and S. aphaedonensis KCTC 32578T were 75.9, 76.0 and 77.7 %, respectively; the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values based on the draft genomes between strain 1505T and S. algicola Gy8T, S. marinus B011T and S. aphaedonensis KCTC 32578T were 20.0, 20.7 and 21.4 %, respectively. Menaquinone-6 (MK-6) was detected as the major respiratory quinone. The dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G and C18 : 1ω9c. The DNA G+C content of strain 1505T was 33.3 mol%. The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, six aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. Based on its phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain 1505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Seonamhaeicola, for which the name Seonamhaeicola maritimus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1505T (=KCTC 72528T=MCCC 1H00389T).

Formosa maritima sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, gliding-motile, rod-shaped and orange-pigmented bacterium, designated 1494T, was isolated from marine sediment collected off the coast of Weihai, PR China. Strain 1494T was found to grow at 4-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (2 %). Cells were positive for oxidase and catalase activity. The results of 16S rRNA gene based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain 1494T belonged to the genus Formosa and exhibited the highest sequence similarity to Formosa spongicola KCTC 22662 T (98.4 %). Menaquinone-6 (MK-6) was detected as the major respiratory quinone. The dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain 1494T was 31.1 mol%. The major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. Based on its phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain 1494T is considered to represent a novel species from the genus Formosa, for which the name Formosa maritima sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1494T (=KCTC 72531T=MCCC 1H00385T).

Comparison of complications in cranioplasty with various materials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Meta-analysis to evaluate complications in the use of autogenous bone and bone substitutes and to compare bone substitutes, specifically HA, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium materials.Methods: Search of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Google scholar to identify all citations from 2010 to 2019 reporting complications regarding materials used in cranioplasty.Results: 20 of 2266 articles met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 2913 patients. The odds of overall complication were significantly higher in the autogenous bone group (n = 214/644 procedures, 33.2%) than the bone substitute groups (n = 116/436 procedures, 26.7%, CI 1.29-2.35, p < 0.05). In bone substitutes groups, there was no significant difference in overall complication rate between HA and Ti (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.47-3.14, p = 0.69). PEEK has lower overall complication rates (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30-0.87, p = 0.01) and lower implant exposure rates (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.53, p = 0.002) than Ti, but there was no significant difference in infection rates and postoperative hematoma rates.Conclusions: Cranioplasty is associated with high overall complication rates with the use of autologous bone grafts compared with bone substitutes. PEEK has a relatively low overall complication rates in substitutes groups, but still high infection rates and postoperative hematoma rates. Thus, autologous bone grafts should only be used selectively, and prospective long-term studies are needed to further refine a better material in cranioplasty.

Isolation, identification, and characterization of diesel-oil-degrading bacterial strains indigenous to Changqing oil field, China.

In the present study, 12 indigenous diesel-oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from the petroleum-contaminated soils of the Changqing oil field (Xi'an, China). Measurement of the diesel-oil degradation rates of these strains by the gravimetric method revealed that they ranged from 42% to 66% within 2 weeks. The highest degradation rates were observed from strains CQ8-1 (66%), CQ8-2 (62.6%), and CQ11 (59%), which were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, Ochrobactrum anthropi, and Bordetella bronchialis, respectively, based on their 16S rDNA sequences. Moreover, the physiological and biochemical properties of these three strains were analyzed by Gram staining, catalase, oxidase, and Voges-Proskauer tests. Transmission electron microscopy showed that all three strains were rod shaped with flagella. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometric analyses indicated that medium- and long-chain n-alkanes in diesel oil (C11-C29) were degraded to different degrees by B. thuringiensis, O. anthropi, and B. bronchialis, and the degradation rates gradually decreased as the carbon numbers increased. Overall, the results of this study indicate strains CQ8-1, CQ8-2, and CQ11 might be useful for environmentally friendly and cost-effective bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils.

Efficient Destruction of Pollutants in Water by a Dual-Reaction-Center Fenton-like Process over Carbon Nitride Compounds-Complexed Cu(II)-CuAlO2.

Carbon nitride compounds (CN) complexed with the in-situ-produced Cu(II) on the surface of CuAlO2 substrate (CN-Cu(II)-CuAlO2) is prepared via a surface growth process for the first time and exhibits exceptionally high activity and efficiency for the degradation of the refractory pollutants in water through a Fenton-like process in a wide pH range. The reaction rate for bisphenol A removal is ∼25 times higher than that of the CuAlO2. According to the characterization, Cu(II) generation on the surface of CuAlO2 during the surface growth process results in the marked decrease of the surface oxygen vacancies and the formation of the C-O-Cu bridges between CN and Cu(II)-CuAlO2 in the catalyst. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the dual reaction centers are produced around the Cu and C sites due to the cation-π interactions through the C-O-Cu bridges in CN-Cu(II)-CuAlO2. During the Fenton-like reactions, the electron-rich center around Cu is responsible for the efficient reduction of H2O2 to •OH, and the electron-poor center around C captures electrons from H2O2 or pollutants and diverts them to the electron-rich area via the C-O-Cu bridge. Thus, the catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the refractory pollutant degradation. This study can deepen our understanding on the enhanced Fenton reactivity for water purification through functionalizing with organic solid-phase ligands on the catalyst surface.

Paraliobacillus sediminis sp. nov., isolated from East China sea sediment.

A Gram-strain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming, slightly halophilic bacterium, designated strain 126C4T, was isolated from sediment from the East China Sea. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Optimal growth occurred at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 3-5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, showed that strain 126C4T was a member of the genus Paraliobacillus, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158T and Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis O15-7T of 96.2 % and 95.3 %, repectively. The DNA G+C content was 39.6 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and its polar lipid pattern comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. On the basis of its phylogenetic position, phenotypic traits and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is suggested that strain 126C4T represents a novel species of the genus Paraliobacillus, for which the name Paraliobacillus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 126C4T (=KCTC 33762T=MCCC 1H00136T).

Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from sediment.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. The strain was oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C, pH 7.5 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. The strain displayed the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp in the cell wall. Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. nov.

Muricauda okinawensis sp. Nov. and Muricauda yonaguniensis sp. Nov., Two Marine Bacteria Isolated from the Sediment Core near Hydrothermal Fields of Southern Okinawa Trough.

Two strains, 81s02T and 334s03T, were isolated from the sediment core near the hydrothermal field of southern Okinawa Trough. The cells of both strains were observed to be rod-shaped, non-gliding, Gram-staining negative, yellow-pigmented, facultatively anaerobic, catalase and oxidase positive, and showing optimum growth at 30 °C and pH 7.5. The strains 81s02T and 334s03T were able to tolerate up to 10% and 9% (w/v) NaCl concentration, respectively. Based on phylogenomic analysis, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the two strains and the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of the genus Muricauda were in range of 78.0-86.3% and 21.5-33.9%, respectively. The strains 81s02T and 334s03T shared 98.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each other but were identified as two distinct species based on 81.4-81.5% ANIb, 85.5-85.6% ANIm and 25.4% dDDH values calculated using whole genome sequences. The strains 81s02T and 334s03T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to M. lutimaris SMK-108T (98.7%) and M. aurea BC31-1-A7T (98.8%), respectively. The major fatty acid of strains 81s02T and 334s03T were identified similarly as iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and iso-C15:1 G, and the major polar lipids of the both strains consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The strains contained MK-6 as their predominant menaquinone. The genomic G+C contents of strains 81s02T and 334s03T were determined to be 41.6 and 41.9 mol%, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, both strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Muricauda, and the names Muricauda okinawensis sp. nov. and Muricauda yonaguniensis sp. nov. are proposed for strains 81s02T (=KCTC 92889T = MCCC 1K08502T) and 334s03T (=KCTC 92890T = MCCC 1K08503T).

Meta-Regression on the Heterogenous Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Mental Health Symptoms During the COVID-19 Crisis Among Healthcare Workers.

Objective: This paper used meta-regression to analyze the heterogenous factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in China under the COVID-19 crisis. Method: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medrxiv and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence rates, and ran meta-regression to tease out the key sources of the heterogeneity. Results: The meta-regression results uncovered several predictors of the heterogeneity in prevalence rates among published studies, including severity (e.g., above severe vs. above moderate, p < 0.01; above moderate vs. above mild, p < 0.01), type of mental symptoms (PTSD vs. anxiety, p = 0.04), population (frontline vs. general HCWs, p < 0.01), sampling location (Wuhan vs. Non-Wuhan, p = 0.04), and study quality (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The meta-regression findings provide evidence on the factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) to guide future research and evidence-based medicine in several specific directions. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=220592, identifier: CRD42020220592.

The Benefits of Forgiveness at Work: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Time-Lagged Relations Between Forgiveness and Work Outcomes.

Forgiveness has received increasing attention in the work context. Although recent cross-sectional studies have found a positive link between forgiveness and work outcomes, further research examining the temporal dynamics between these variables is needed to establish causality. This preregistered panel study investigated the time-lagged relations between forgiveness and work outcomes, and specifically addressed the question whether forgiving a coworker benefits work outcomes. Longitudinal survey data were collected at four time points among 139 Chinese employees working at least 20 hours per week. Results from cross-lagged panel models revealed that forgiving an offending coworker with whom one has a relatively good work relationship predicted better work outcomes (i.e., higher job satisfaction, higher work engagement, and lower burnout) over time, while controlling for perceived severity of the offense. Evidence for the reverse effect (with work outcomes predicting forgiveness) was not found. Our findings thus suggest that forgiveness facilitates well-being-related work outcomes. Implications for a better understanding of forgiveness in work relationships are discussed.

The Mechanism of Microbial-Ferromanganese Nodule Interaction and the Contribution of Biomineralization to the Formation of Oceanic Ferromanganese Nodules.

Ferromanganese nodules are an important mineral resource in the seafloor; however, the genetic mechanism is still unknown. The biomineralization of microorganisms appears to promote ferromanganese nodule formation. To investigate the possible mechanism of microbial-ferromanganese nodule interaction, to test the possibility of marine microorganisms as deposition template for ferromanganese nodules minerals, the interactions between Jeotgalibacillus campisalis strain CW126-A03 and ferromanganese nodules were studied. The results showed that strain CW126-A03 increased ion concentrations of Fe, Mn, and other metal elements in solutions at first. Then, metal ions were accumulated on the cells' surface and formed ultra-micro sized mineral particles, even crystalline minerals. Strain CW126-A03 appeared to release major elements in ferromanganese nodules, and the cell surface may be a nucleation site for mineral precipitation. This finding highlights the potentially important role of biologically induced mineralization (BIM) in ferromanganese nodule formation. This BIM hypothesis provides another perspective for understanding ferromanganese nodules' genetic mechanism, indicating the potential of microorganisms in nodule formation.