Anxiety levels among social work students during the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain.

The COVID-19 pandemic has compelled university students to adapt to remote learning modalities resulting in increased of anxiety symptoms. This study explores levels of anxiety, and risk and protection factors among Social Work students at two universities in southern Spain. Thirty four percent were experiencing severe anxiety, and 28.5% mild to moderate, revealing that anxiety levels had increased significantly. Greater concern about academic situation and future economic scenario, living in an urban area and leave the habitual residence increased anxiety symptoms. By contrast, family income stability and higher social support from relatives reduced anxiety symptoms. These results support the planning of emotional support services for college students, as well as the incorporation in the study plans the acquisition of skills to live better in these conditions.

Perceived social support, resilience and consumption of psychoactive substances amongst inmates in prisons.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of perceived social support and resilience in the use of alcohol and other drugs amongst female inmates. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 174 inmates was conducted in two prisons in the Region of Murcia. A self-administered questionnaire was used, which included socio-demographic, prison, alcohol and other drug consumption, perceived social support and resilience variables. RESULTS: 28.2% of the inmates consumed at least one of the substances analyzed (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, heroin and/or tranquillizers without medical prescription) in prison. The female consumers showed significantly lower levels of perceived social support and resilience, compared to the counterparts who did not consume in prison. DISCUSSION: Findings show how perceived social support and resilience are factors of protection against substance use in prison, and these can be incorporated in future prevention programs for the consumption of alcohol and other drugs during imprisonment.

Evaluation of the impact of family relations on prisoners' health in Spain.

OBJECTIVES: Literature on this issue has shown a high prevalence of alcohol and other drug use in the prison population. Although many risk factors have been linked to this behavior in prison, it is not common to find research that analyses the influence of family/social contact in prison. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 2,709 inmates (2,484 men and 225 women) in 9 prisons in Spain, data was collected through self-report questionnaires, including information at socio-demographic level, family-social contact and use of alcohol and other drugs in the last month in prison. RESULTS: Inmates with no family contact in prison show a higher prevalence of use for all the substances analyzed, binary logistic regression analysis shows statistically significant associations with the use of cannabis (OR: 1.86, p ≤0.001) or cocaine (OR: 3.40, p ≤0.001) in prison. DISCUSSION: More knowledge about this public health problem amongst social workers in the prison environment could be an effective diagnostic and preventive tool for reducing the use of alcohol and other drugs during imprisonment.

Burnout syndrome and work satisfaction in professionals of social work in prisons of Spain.

INTRODUCTION: The specialized literature has revealed the high prevalence of burnout syndrome in the workforce of different prisons worldwide, as well as the influence of various risk factors associated with sociodemographic and occupational factors linked of the emergence of this occupational health problem. The current study measures the level of burnout and job satisfaction among the group of social workers Spanish prisons. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 59 social work professionals at the national level during 2017. Using ad hoc questionnaires, the participants offered information regarding sociodemographic, labour, Maslach Burnout Inventory and job satisfaction from Warr, Cook and Wall information. RESULTS: The values obtained were 20.1 (standard deviation [SD]: 11.9) in the emotional exhaustion dimension, 10.6 (SD: 5.0) in depersonalization and 27.7 (SD: 23.2), for personal accomplishment, and a general level of satisfaction of 55.3 (SD: 11.9). We found statistically significant associations and predictive values between the different dimensions of burnout and job satisfaction at sociodemographic (age) and work level (time in the profession) level. CONCLUSIONS: In line with the scientific literature, social workers in prison have a high level of burnout, especially emotional exhaustion, in addition to a moderate level of job satisfaction. The information offered could be useful in the elaboration of prevention strategies aimed at improving the occupational health of this group.

Psychosocial stressors perceived in the process of social reintegration and compliance time remaining in prison sentence.

INTRODUCTION: This study shows the results obtained from evaluating the main psychosocial stressors perceived in the process of social reintegration and their relation to a remaining sentence time in prison. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire based on an ad hoc design was administered, using a Likert scale, with a total of 383 inmates serving sentences in southeast Spain. RESULTS: Findings show that inmates with a remaining sentence period of more than one year, like those who had served more than a year of their sentence, showed greater concern about possible economic difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: The psychosocial stressors studied might provide relevant information to facilitate the process of social reintegration after the completion of a prison sentence.

Evaluación del impacto de las relaciones familiares sobre la salud de las personas privadas de libertad en España / Evaluation of the impact of family relations on prisoners' health in Spain

OBJETIVOS: La literatura ha puesto de manifiesto la elevada prevalencia de consumo de alcohol y otras drogas en la población penitenciaria. A pesar de que multitud de factores de riesgo han sido vinculados a este comportamiento en prisión, no es frecuente encontrar investigaciones donde se analice la influencia del contacto sociofamiliar en los centros penitenciarios. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico sobre 2.709 personas internas (2.484 hombres y 225 mujeres) en nueve prisiones de España. La información fue recogida mediante un cuestionario autosuministrado, incluyendo datos del ámbito sociodemográfico, el contacto sociofamiliar y el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas durante el último mes en prisión. RESULTADOS: Las personas internas sin contacto familiar en prisión presentaban una mayor prevalencia de consumo para la totalidad de las sustancias analizadas, mostrando los análisis de regresión logística binaria asociaciones estadísticamente significativas con el consumo de cannabis (razón de posibilidades [odds ratio, OR]: 1,86; p ≤0,001) o cocaína (OR: 3,40; p ≤0,001) en prisión. DISCUSIÓN: Un mayor conocimiento sobre este problema de salud pública por parte de los trabajadores en el medio penitenciario podría ser una herramienta de diagnóstico y prevención eficaz para reducir el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas durante el internamiento penitenciario

OBJECTIVES: Literature on this issue has shown a high prevalence of alcohol and other drug use in the prison population. Although many risk factors have been linked to this behavior in prison, it is not common to find research that analyses the influence of family/social contact in prison. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 2,709 inmates (2,484 men and 225 women) in 9 prisons in Spain, data was collected through self-report questionnaires, including information at socio-demographic level, family-social contact and use of alcohol and other drugs in the last month in prison. RESULTS: Inmates with no family contact in prison show a higher prevalence of use for all the substances analyzed, binary logistic regression analysis shows statistically significant associations with the use of cannabis (OR: 1.86, p ≤0.001) or cocaine (OR: 3.40, p ≤0.001) in prison. DISCUSSION: More knowledge about this public health problem amongst social workers in the prison environment could be an effective diagnostic and preventive tool for reducing the use of alcohol and other drugs during imprisonment

[Physical attacks in prison, mental illness as an associated risk factor]. / Agresiones físicas en prisión, la enfermedad mental como factor de riesgo asociado.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze physical victimization in the prison population, taking into account the existence of some kind of mental illness, in the prison of Albolote (Granada). METHODS: 270 inmates conducted an anonymous and voluntary survey about victimization. RESULTS: 36.7% of all inmates suffered some form of physical victimization in prison. 62.2% of participants consider that they have anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or other mental illness, half of whom receive treatment for these problems. CONCLUSIONS: Physical attacks on people with mental illness are 2.5 times higher than on those who do not have a mental illness.

Síndrome de burnout y satisfacción laboral en profesionales del trabajo social en prisiones de España / Burnout syndrome and work satisfaction in professionals of social work in prisons of Spain

Introducción: La literatura especializada ha puesto de manifiesto la elevada prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en el personal laboral de diferentes centros penitenciarios a nivel mundial, además de la influencia de diversos factores de riesgo asociados al nivel sociodemográfico y laboral ante la aparición de este problema de salud laboral. El presente estudio mide el nivel de burnout y de satisfacción laboral en el colectivo de trabajadores sociales en las prisiones de España. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de carácter transversal analítico sobre 59 profesionales del trabajo social a nivel nacional durante el año 2017. Mediante un cuestionario ad hoc, los participantes ofrecieron información a nivel sociodemográfico y laboral, cuestionario de Maslach Burnout Inventory y de satisfacción laboral de Warr, Cook y Wall. Resultados: Los valores obtenidos fueron de 20,1 (desviación típica [DT]: 11,9) en la dimensión de cansancio emocional, 10,6 (DT: 5,0) en despersonalización y 27,7 (DT: 23,2), para realización personal y un nivel de satisfacción general de 55,3 (DT: 11,9). Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas y valores predictivos entre las diferentes dimensiones de burnout y de satisfacción laboral a nivel sociodemográfico (edad) y laboral (tiempo en la profesión). Conclusiones: En línea con la literatura científica, los trabajadores sociales en prisión presentan un elevado grado de burnout, especialmente de cansancio emocional, además de un moderado nivel de satisfacción laboral. La información ofrecida podría ser de utilidad a la hora de elaborar estrategias de prevención destinadas a mejorar la salud laboral de este colectivo

Introduction: The specialized literature has revealed the high prevalence of burnout syndrome in the workforce of different prisons worldwide, as well as the influence of various risk factors associated with sociodemographic and occupational factors linked of the emergence of this occupational health problem. The current study measures the level of burnout and job satisfaction among the group of social workers Spanish prisons. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 59 social work professionals at the national level during 2017. Using ad hoc questionnaires, the participants offered information regarding sociodemographic, labour, Maslach Burnout Inventory and job satisfaction from Warr, Cook and Wall information. Results: The values obtained were 20.1 (standard deviation [SD]: 11.9) in the emotional exhaustion dimension, 10.6 (SD: 5.0) in depersonalization and 27.7 (SD: 23.2), for personal accomplishment, and a general level of satisfaction of 55.3 (SD: 11.9). We found statistically significant associations and predictive values between the different dimensions of burnout and job satisfaction at sociodemographic (age) and work level (time in the profession) level. Conclusions: In line with the scientific literature, social workers in prison have a high level of burnout, especially emotional exhaustion, in addition to a moderate level of job satisfaction. The information offered could be useful in the elaboration of prevention strategies aimed at improving the occupational health of this group

Factores de riesgo asociados a la reincidencia entre el colectivo femenino penitenciario en España / Risk factors associated to recidivist among female prison population in Spain

Investigaciones previas han puesto de manifiesto un elevado consumo de alcohol y otras drogas en la población penitenciaria, y su asociación con una mayor tasa de reincidencia. Sin embargo, no es frecuente encontrar estudios en España focalizados en el colectivo femenino penitenciario, debido a su menor representación. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol y otras drogas y su posible asociación con la reincidencia entre la población femenina en prisión. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 225 mujeres de 5 centros penitenciarios españoles, en el cual se recogió información sobre variables sociodemográficas, penitenciarias y de consumo de alcohol y otras drogas. Los resultados mostraron una mayor prevalencia de consumo en las mujeres reincidentes (64,9%) que en aquellas que cumplían su primera condena (35,1%), tanto antes de entrar en prisión como durante el internamiento. El análisis de regresión logística binaria mostró asociaciones estadísticamente significativas en consumo de crack (odds ratio [OR]: 1,63) y de heroína (OR: 1,82) previamente al ingreso en prisión, y de cannabis (OR: 1,38) en la prisión. En esta investigación se confirma el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas como factor de riesgo asociado a la reincidencia en las mujeres

Previous researches have shown the high consumption of alcohol and other drugs among the incarcerated population, and his association with a higher rate of prison recidivism. However, it is not common to find studies in Spain focused on the female prison population, due to her lower representation. The aim of the current research was to determine the prevalence of alcohol and drug use and the possible association with prison recidivism among female inmates. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 225 women enrolled in 5 Spanish prisons, collecting information on socio-demographic, criminal and alcohol and drug use variables. The results show a higher prevalence of drugs use among female recidivism inmates (64.9%) compared to their first sentences (35.1%) counterparts, priorly to prison and during incarceration. The logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant associations with crack (odds ratio [OR]: 1.63) or heroin (OR: 1.82) use prior to prison or cannabis (OR: 1.38) use while incarcerated. In the current research alcohol and other drugs use is confirmed as a risk factor associated with prison recidivism among women

Estresores psicosociales percibidos en el proceso de reinserción social y tiempo restante de cumplimiento de condena en prisión / Psychosocial stressor perceived in the process of social reintegration and compiance time remaining in prison sentence

Introducción: En esta investigación se presentan los resultados obtenidos al evaluar los principales estresores psicosociales percibidos en el proceso de reinserción social y su relación con el tiempo restante de cumplimiento de condena en prisión. Material y método: Se ha aplicado un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc, con una escala tipo Likert, sobre un total de 383 personas privadas de libertad en 3 Centros Penitenciarios del sureste de España. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que tanto los internos con un tiempo restante de condena inferior o igual a un año, como aquellos con más de un año de cumplimiento de condena indicaron mayor preocupación por las posibles dificultades económicas. Conclusiones: Los estresores psicosociales estudiados podrían aportar información relevante para facilitar el proceso de reinserción social tras el cumplimento de la condena en prisión (AU)

Introduction: This study shows the results obtained from evaluating the main psychosocial stressors perceived in the process of social reintegration and their relation to a remaining sentence time in prison. Material and methods: A questionnaire based on an ad hoc design was administered, using a Likert scale, with a total of 383 inmates serving sentences in southeast Spain. Results: Findings show that inmates with a remaining sentence period of more than one year, like those who had served more than a year of their sentence, showed greater concern about possible economic difficulties. Conclusions: The psychosocial stressors studied might provide relevant information to facilitate the process of social reintegration after the completion of a prison sentence (AU)

Agresiones físicas en prisión, la enfermedad mental como factor de riesgo asociado / Physical attacks in prison, mental illness as an associated risk factor

Objetivos: Analizar la victimización física en la población penitenciaria teniendo en cuenta la existencia de algún tipo de enfermedad mental en el Centro Penitenciario de Albolote (Granada). Material y métodos: 270 personas privadas de libertad realizaron una encuesta anónima y voluntaria sobre victimización. Resultados: Un 36,7% del total de internos sufrió algún tipo de victimización física en prisión. Aproximadamente un 62,2% de los participantes perciben que tienen ansiedad, depresión, enfermedad bipolar, esquizofrenia u otra enfermedad mental, recibiendo la mitad tratamiento para estos problemas. Conclusiones: Las agresiones físicas para personas con enfermedad mental son 2.5 veces superiores respecto los que no tienen ninguna (AU)

Objective: To analyze physical victimization in the prison population, taking into account the existence of some kind of mental illness, in the prison of Albolote (Granada). Methods: 270 inmates conducted an anonymous and voluntary survey about victimization. Results: 36.7% of all inmates suffered some form of physical victimization in prison. 62.2% of participants consider that they have anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or other mental illness, half of whom receive treatment for these problems, Conclusions: Physical attacks on people with mental illness are 2.5 times higher than on those who do not have a mental illness (AU)

Estudio del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y conflictividad familiar en sujetos condenados por delitos de violencia de género / Study of psychoactive substances and family conflict in subjects convicted by gender violence

La violencia de género es actualmente un importante problema de salud pública debido a su magnitud y repercusiones sociosanitarias en la víctima. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las características del consumo de drogas y de los conflictos familiares durante la infancia, y la relación significativa entre estas dos últimas variables en internos por violencia de género. Estudio descriptivo sobre 229 personas ingresadas en prisión por violencia de género durante el año 2014. Se estudió la prevalencia del consumo de drogas durante el mes previo al ingreso en prisión y de conflictividad. La asociación entre ambas variables se analizó con una regresión logística multinomial con un intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%).Un 66,4% de los internos consumió alcohol previamente a su entrada en prisión y un 61,6% sufrió algún tipo de conflictividad familiar con anterioridad a los 14 años de edad. El consumo de alcohol paterno fue un factor de riesgo para consumir posteriormente alcohol (odds ratio [OR]: 4,60; IC95%:2,15-4,53), cannabis (OR: 2,98; IC95%: 1,33-6,70) y cocaína (OR: 2,62; IC95%: 1,24-5,83) entre los delincuentes por violencia de género.Estos internos presentan altos índices de consumo de tóxicos previo a su ingreso en prisión y de conflictividad familiar en la infancia, así como relaciones entre ambos fenómenos (AU)

Gender violence is currently an important public health problem due to its magnitude and socio-health impact on the victim. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of drug abuse and family conflict during childhood, and the significant relationship between these two variables among inmates by gender violence. Descriptive study of 229 incarcerated persons 2014. Gender violence prevalence of drug was studied during the month prior to imprisonment and family conflicts. The association between the two variables was analyzed with a multinomial logistic regression with a confidence interval of 95% (CI95%).66.4% of the inmates consumed alcohol prior to prison and 61.6% suffered some type of family conflict prior to age 14. Parental alcohol consumption was a risk factor for later alcohol(odds ratio [OR]: 4,60;CI95%:2,15-4,53), cannabis (OR: 2,98; CI95%: 1,33-6,70) and cocaine (OR: 2,62; CI95%: 1,24-5,83) among delinquents by gender violence. Inmates by gender violence have high rates of drug and alcohol consumption prior to entering prison and family conflict on children, as well as relations between the two phenomena (AU)