Comments on exclusion of polymer chains from small pores and its relation to gel permeation chromatography.

Some criticisms of our theoretical treatment of the partial exclusion of flexible-chain polymers in solution from cavities of macromolecular size and its application to gel permeation chromatography are examined. In other discussion, it is confirmed by simple reasoning that the identification, explicit or implicit in various studies, of the mean projection of a polymer molecule onto a line as a characteristic dimension governing the extent of permeation of simple pores does not depend on specific molecular models. Our previous calculation of permeation by certain random-flight branched-chain species is shown to lead, incidentally, to the mean projection for these structures. From relations between the mean projection and the hydrodynamic volume of a molecule, it appears that the product of intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight is not a common calibration factor for elution of all molecular species from a gel chromatographic column, but theory and experience do support the validity of this correlation among solutes with similar molecular architecture.

A light-scattering study of the effect of calcium chloride on the molecular weight of Busycon hemocyanin.

Solutions of Busycon canaliculatum have been studied by light scattering. In 0.05 M Trizma buffer +0.1 M NaCl at pH 7.0 at 14 degrees, the weight-average molecular weight is 8.9 X 10(6). In the presence of added CaCl2 (0.02 M), the molecular weight of the protein increases to 10.7 X 10(6), and the second virial coefficient is reduced. At pH 9.95, the molecular weights with and without 0.02 M CaCl2, are 3.7 X 10(6) and 1.3 X 10(6), respectively; and the effect of Ca++ in reducing the second virial coefficient is much greater than at pH 7.0. These results can be understood on the basis that at pH 7.0, ca++ increases the association of hemocyanin, by binding and intermolecular linkage through the carboxyl groups of protein side chains. At pH 9.95, amino groups are deprotonated and therefore also become available for Ca++ binding. The relative effect of Ca++ in enhancing the association of hemocyanin therefore becomes greater at the higher pH.