Simultaneous production of intracellular triacylglycerols and extracellular polyol esters of fatty acids by Rhodotorula babjevae and Rhodotorula aff. paludigena.

Microbial oils have been analyzed as alternatives to petroleum. However, just a handful of microbes have been successfully adapted to produce chemicals that can compete with their petroleum counterparts. One of the reasons behind the low success rate is the overall economic inefficiency of valorizing a single product. This study presents a lab-scale analysis of two yeast species that simultaneously produce multiple high-value bioproducts: intracellular triacylglycerols (TG) and extracellular polyol esters of fatty acids (PEFA), two lipid classes with immediate applications in the biofuels and surfactant industries. At harvest, the yeast strain Rhodotorula aff. paludigena UCDFST 81-84 secreted 20.9 ± 0.2 g L-1 PEFA and produced 8.8 ± 1.0 g L-1 TG, while the yeast strain Rhodotorula babjevae UCDFST 04-877 secreted 11.2 ± 1.6 g L-1 PEFA and 18.5 ± 1.7 g L-1 TG. The overall glucose conversion was 0.24 and 0.22 g(total lipid) g (glucose)-1 , respectively. The results present a stable and scalable microbial growth platform yielding multiple co-products.

Discovery of synthesis and secretion of polyol esters of fatty acids by four basidiomycetous yeast species in the order Sporidiobolales.

Polyol esters of fatty acids (PEFA) are amphiphilic glycolipids produced by yeast that could play a role as natural, environmentally friendly biosurfactants. We recently reported discovery of a new PEFA-secreting yeast species, Rhodotorula babjevae, a basidiomycetous yeast to display this behavior, in addition to a few other Rhodotorula yeasts reported on the 1960s. Additional yeast species within the taxonomic order Sporidiobolales were screened for secreted glycolipid production. PEFA production equal or above 1 g L-1 were detected in 19 out of 65 strains of yeast screened, belonging to 6 out of 30 yeast species tested. Four of these species were not previously known to secrete glycolipids. These results significantly increase the number of yeast species known to secrete PEFA, holding promise for expanding knowledge of PEFA synthesis and secretion mechanisms, as well as setting the groundwork towards commercialization.

Assorted Skin Procedures: Foreign Body Removal, Cryotherapy, Electrosurgery, and Treatment of Keloids.

Clinicians in the primary care setting will encounter various different skin conditions requiring procedural intervention. There are many different procedural approaches to treatment. Knowing which modalities are available and best suited to handle a particular skin lesion allows for flexibility for patient and clinician. Although some treatment modalities may be used more than others, it is helpful to be at least familiar with basic in office skin procedures such as removal of foreign bodies, cryotherapy, electrosurgery, and treatment of keloids, as these procedures are helpful in addressing the wide variety of the most commonly encountered skin issues in primary care.