Bone mass behavior after 1 year of different treatment strategies in prostate cancer patients subjected to androgen deprivation therapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mass changes after 1 year of four different types of pharmacological intervention. Ninety-seven prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy, and severe osteopenia or osteoporosis were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided in four groups. Group 1: 28 patients treated with denosumab, Group 2: 24 patients treated with alendronate, Group 3: 24 patients with no antiresorptive treatment and Group 4: 21 patients previously treated with alendronate and switched to denosumab. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was performed at baseline and after 1 year. Bone mass changes at the L2-L4 lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip were evaluated. No differences were found at baseline. After 1 year, men receiving denosumab or alendronate (Group 1 and 2) showed a significant bone mass increase at the lumbar spine (+2.4 and +5.0 %, respectively), while no significant changes were observed in Group 3 and 4. At the femoral neck, Group 1 and 2 patients showed a significant bone mass increase (+3.7 and +3.6 %, respectively), while no significant changes were observed in Group 3 and 4. At the total hip, we observed a significant bone mass increase in Group 1 (+2.9 %) and a significant bone mass loss in Group 3 patients (-1.9 %). No significant changes were observed in Group 2 and 4. Denosumab increased significantly bone mass in all three dual X-ray absorptiometry standard sites, while alendronate did not at total hip. No benefit was observed in men previously treated with alendronate who switched to denosumab treatment.

[Priapism secondary to penis infiltration of bladder cancer]. / Priapismo secundario a infiltración peneana por contigüidad de carcinoma vesical infiltrante.

Metastasic priapism is a rare entity produced by tumor cell implantation or direct infiltration of corpora cavernousum of the penis. In up to 80% of cases the primary tumor has an urological origen like prostate or bladder cancers. Treatment depends on syntomatology and patient's prognosis. Generally, average survival in these patients is poor due to metastasic progression, among 1 to 1 and a half years. We present a case report of secondary priapism for direct invasion of the corpora cavernousum of the penis for bladder carcinoma.

[Pig model in experimental renal transplant surgery]. / El modelo porcino en la cirugía experimental del trasplante renal.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Living donor laparoscopic renal procurement is becoming a first-line technique unless a show-learning curve. January 2006 we implement an experimental pig-kidney transplant model with the objective of evaluating differences between open and laparosopic surgical techniques as well as giving a training-oportunity to the Residents in these alternatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have completed 25 experiments 7 out of which were performed laparoscopically (28%), 18 with conventional surgerY (72%). Only 44% of the animals have survived until the end of the process. RESULTS: This work evaluates different aspects on the implementation of this activity. Complications of the prothocol are analyzed. We review the literature on this topic. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental Surgery in a porcine model has become in our Hospital a key-issue for Residents Training Program, and easily could be adapted to other Centers.

[Transitional cell carcinoma relapse in uretero-ileal conduit after radical cystectomy]. / Recidiva de carcinoma transicional en conducto uretero-ileal tras cistectomía radical.

Transitional cell carcinoma relapse in ileal conduit after radical cistectomy is a rare event, especially without upper urinary tract involvement. We describe a case of uretero-ileal transitional cell tumour five years after cistectomy for invasive urothelial tumour. Patient underwent endoscopic treatment with good results after 13 months of follow-up.

[Adenomatoid tumour of epididymis: the most common tumour of the paratesticular structures]. / Tumor adenomatoide de epididimo: el tumor más frecuente de las estructuras paratesticulares.

INTRODUCTION: Paratesticular tumours are rare but generally benign neoplasms, usually treated by local excission. Adenomatoid tumours of epididymis are the most common of these tumours. OBJECTIVES: Analyze paratesticular tumours treated in our center and describe dyagnosis and treatment of adenomatoid tumours of epididymis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively review 8 patients with paratesticular tumours treated from July 1997 to July 2007. We analyze clinical presentation, dyagnostic suspicion given by image technique, treatment followed and final dyagnosis. RESULTS: Patients median age was 44.1 years (22-69), presenting most of them subacute scrotal tumour with median size by ultrasound of 2.8 cm (1.5-7). All of them were locally extirpated except one with suspicion of a malignant polyorchidism and another one with an apparently intratesticular lesion of great size. Just in two cases peroperatory biopsy was performed. Dyagnosis was in 4 cases adenomatoid tumour of epididymis, in two cases fibrous pseudotumour of epididymis, in one case leiomyoma of epididymis and in one case angiolipoma of spermatic cord. Just in one case diagnosed of adenomatoid tumour of epididymis ultrasound confirmed solid tumour suggesting the final dyagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Adenomatoid tumors of epididymis are rare tumours which may present at any age. Ultrasound may help in dyagnosis, but its capacity to distinguish this lesions is low. Benignity of adenomatoid tumour of epididymis as well as most of the other paratesticular tumours should make local excission the treatment of choice and, when any doubt existed, peroperatory biopsy should be performed.

[Presentation of a new case of primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra and its surgical management]. / Presentación de un nuevo caso de adenocarcinoma de células claras uretral y su manejo quirúrgico.

OBJECTIVE: To present a new case of a primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra and its surgical management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We describe the clinical, diagnosis, treatment and development of this kind of tumor. Review of the literature. CONCLUSIONS: It is an unusual type of cancer associated with poor prognosis. Currently the construction of a continent urinary diversion using the Mitrofanoff principle has many indications as our case. Laparoscopic radical cystectomy can be done by experienced groups without adding much more technical difficulties; there are no long-term oncological outcome data but we believe in some functional advantages.

[Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate: peroperative analysis of the results]. / Resección transuretral de próstata bipolar vs monopolar: análisis peroperatorio de los resultados.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the differences in the postoperative period between bipolar and monopolar resection of the prostate in the endoscopic surgery of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: 45 patients were prospectively randomized. Twenty-one underwent monopolar resection (Storz Ch 26, 30 degrees) and 24 underwent bipolar resection (Olympus ch 26, 30 degrees). RESULTS: Mean age in the bipolar group was 69,5 years versus 67,3 in the monopolar group; mean flow before surgery (7,7 ml/s vs 7,2 ml/s); ecographic prostate volume (39,5 cc vs 42,7 cc); resection volume 13 g vs 12,6 g and mean resection time was 39,7 vs 42,5 min. Cut capacity was considered notable-excellent in 90% of the patients in the bipolar group vs 50% in the monopolar group (p=0,01); adherence of fragments were considered abundant or very abundant in 0% vs 60% (p=0,01); coagulation capacity was excellent-notable in 25% vs 75% (p=0,03). There were no significant differences on the days of catheterization (2,92 vs 3,1), continuous irrigation (1,79 vs 2,05), hospitalization (3,63 vs 3,67), hematocrite descent (3,48 vs 3,32) and plasmatic sodium (0,52 vs 1,16), neither on episodes of acute urine retention (only one patient in the monopolar group). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, TURP with SurgMaster resector in prostate smaller than 70 g offers better peroperative qualities for the surgeon (better cut capacity, less adherence of fragments) than the monopolar resection, with similar postoperative outcomes.

[Renal hydatidic cyst simulating hypernephroma]. / Quiste hidatídico renal simulando hipernefroma.

OBJECTIVE: To present a new case of hydatid cyst of the kidney with a difficult radiographic diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We describe the clinical, diagnosis and treatment of a complex renal mass and its histological confirmation after surgery. Review of the literature. CONCLUSIONS: kidney's hydatidose is an unusual placement of this pathology. It is important to take care in the differential diagnosis in the context of complexes renal masses. There are some diagnosis procedures which can help us to establish it. Surgery is the treatment of choice in the majority of the cases.

El modelo porcino en la cirugía experimental del trasplante renal / Pig model in experimental renal transplant surgery

Introducción y objetivos: La extracción renal laparoscópica de donante vivo se está convirtiendo en una técnica cada vez más habitual a pesar de su lenta curva de aprendizaje. En enero de 2006 se puso en marcha en nuestro centro un protocolo de autotrasplante en modelo porcino que pretendía evaluar diferencias entre la extracción por vía abierta y por vía laparoscópica, y que permitía así mismo entrenar a los residentes en la realización de estas técnicas. Material y métodos: Hasta día de hoy hemos llevado a cabo un total de 25 experimentos, de los cuales 7 han sido sometidos a extracción por vía laparoscópica (28%) y 18 por vía abierta (72%), si bien sólo el 44% de los animales ha sobrevivido hasta el final del protocolo. Resultados: En este trabajo se detalla la forma de iniciar una experiencia de estas características, se analizan las complicaciones que se han encontrado y se hace una revisión de la literatura en cuanto al manejo de estos animales. Conclusiones: La cirugía experimental en modelo porcino se ha convertido en nuestro centro en una herramienta fundamental para la formación del residente, y podría fácilmente ser adaptada por otros hospitales

Introduction and objectives. Living donor laparoscopic renal procurement is becoming a first-line technique unless a show-learning curve. January 2006 we implement an experimental pig-kidney transplant model with the objective of evaluating differences between open and laparosopic surgical techniques as well as giving a training-oportunity to the Residents in these alternatives. Material and methods. We have completed 25 experiments 7 out of which were performed laparoscopically (28%), 18 with conventional surgery (72%). Only 44% of the animals have survived until the end of the process. Results: This work evaluates different aspects on the implementation of this activity. Complications of the prothocol are analyzed. We review the literature on this topic. Conclusions: Experimental Surgery in a porcine model has become in our Hospital a key-issue for Residents Training Program, and easily could be adapted to other Centers

Angiomiolipomas renales: presentación, tratamiento y resultado de 20 casos / Renal angiomyolipoma: presentation, treatment and results of 20 cases

Introducción: Los angiomiolipomas renales son tumores benignos. Ocasionalmente la ruptura espontánea de los mismos puede poner en peligro la vida de los pacientes. Tanto el tratamiento quirúrgico como la embolización arterial selectiva son tratamientos válidos para dichas lesiones. Objetivos: Analizar los casos de angiomiolipomas renales tratados en nuestro centro, la presentación clínica y el tratamiento indicados en cada uno. Material y método: Se revisan de forma retrospectiva 20 pacientes con angiomiolipomas renales tratados durante el período comprendido entre marzo de 1996 y marzo de 2006. Se describen las características de dichos tumores, el tratamiento recibido y los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: Los pacientes afectados de esclerosis tuberosa (20%) presentaban tumores múltiples y bilaterales, aunque de tamaño similar a los del resto de pacientes. El diagnóstico de síndrome de esclerosis tuberosa fue el único factor asociado a la ruptura espontánea de las lesiones. Cuatro de los 9 pacientes embolizados de urgencia presentaron resangrado (44,4%) y 4 del total de los 16 casos embolizados (25%) sufrieron el síndrome post-embolización, sin hallar ningún factor predictor para ninguna de las dos situaciones. Un 58,4% de los tumores embolizados presentaron reducciones del tamaño inferiores a un tercio de linicial, caracterizándose éstos por ser múltiples, bilaterales y de mayor tamaño que el resto. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en los niveles de creatinina plasmática antes y después de cada tratamiento. Conclusiones: Los angiomiolipomas renales parecen comportarse de forma más agresiva en los pacientes con síndrome de esclerosis tuberosa. No hemos hallado factores predictores de resangrado ni del síndrome post-embolización. Tanto la cirugía como la embolización arterial no parecen comprometer la función renal de los pacientes tratados (AU)

Introduction: Renal angiomyolipoma is a benign tumour, but its spontaneous rupture may become threatening for patient’s live. Both surgery and selective arterial embolization are accepted treatments for this lesion. Objectives: Analyze renal angyolipoma treated in our center, their clinical outcome and treatment purposed in each case. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyse 20 cases of patients with renal angiomyolipoma treated in our centre from March 1996 to March 2006. We describe tumour characteristics, treatment followed and results obtained. Results: Patients suffering from tuberous sclerosis (20%) showed multiple bilateral tumours, with size similar to the rest of patients. Diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis was the only factor attached to spontaneous rupture of those lesions. Four of 9 emergency embolized patients (44.4%) required from second treatment because of recurrent haemorrhage, and 4 of the 16 embolization episodes (25%) presented post-embolization syndrome, both with no predicting factors attached. Reduction of less than one third of the inicial diameter was observed in 58.4% of embolized tumours, which used to be multiple, bilateral and of size larger to the rest. No significative differences were observed in plasmatic creatinine after and before treatments. Conclusions: Renal angiomyolipoma may behave in an aggressive way in patients with tuberous sclerosis. No predicting factors of recurrent haemorrhage or post-embolization syndrome were observed. Both surgery and arterial embolization have proved not to compromise renal function in treated patients (AU)

Tumor adenomatoide de epidídimo: el tumor más frecuente de las estructuras paratesticulares / Adenomatoid tumour of epididymis: them ost common tumour of the paratesticular structures

Introducción: Los tumores paratesticulares son neoplasias poco frecuentes aunque habitualmente benignas que suelen ser tributarias de extirpación local. Dentro de ellos se considera que los tumores adenomatoides de epidídimo constituyen el subgrupo más frecuente. Objetivos: Analizar los casos de tumores paratesticulares intervenidos en nuestro centro, así como el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los tumores adenomatoides de epidídimo. Material y métodos: Se revisan de forma retrospectiva 8 pacientes con tumores paratesticulares intervenidos entre julio de 1997 y julio 2007. Se analiza en cada caso la forma de presentación, la orientación diagnóstica que aportaba la prueba de imagen, el tratamiento indicado para cada paciente y el diagnóstico definitivo. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 44,1 años (22-69), consultando la mayoría de ellos por tumoración escrotal de aparición subaguda que presentaban en la ecografía un tamaño medio de 2,8 cm (1,5-7). Se practicó la extirpación local en todos los casos a excepción de un paciente con sospecha de un teste accesorio malignizado y otro con una lesión aparentemente intratesticular de gran tamaño. Sólo en dos casos se practicó una biopsia peroperatoria. El diagnóstico fue en 4 casos de tumor adenomatoide de epidídimo, en dos casos de pseudotumor fibroso de epidídimo, en un caso de leiomioma de epidídimo y en otro de angiolipoma de cordón espermático. Sólo en un caso diagnosticado de tumor adenomatoide de epidídimo la ecografía informaba de tumoración sólida sugestiva del diagnóstico definitivo. Conclusiones: Los tumores adenomatoides de epidídimo son tumores poco frecuentes que se pueden diagnosticar a cualquier edad. La ecografía puede orientar el diagnóstico pero su capacidad para diferenciarlos es baja. La naturaleza habitualmente benigna tanto del tumor adenomatoide de epidídimo como del resto de tumores paratesticulares obligaría a practicar como primera opción la extirpación local de los mismos y, ante cualquier duda, debería practicarse una biopsia peroperatoria (AU)

Introduction: Paratesticular tumours are rare but generally benign neoplasms, usually treated by local excission. Adenomatoid tumours of epididymis are the most common of these tumours. Objectives: Analyze paratesticular tumours treated in our center and describe dyagnosis and treatment of adenomatoid tumours of epididymis. Material and Methods: We retrospectively review 8 patients with paratesticular tumours treated from July 1997 to July 2007. We analyze clinical presentation, dyagnostic suspicion given by image technique, treatment followed and final dyagnosis. Results: Patients median age was 44.1 years (22-69), presenting most of them subacute scrotal tumour with median size by ultrasound of 2.8 cm (1.5-7). All of them were locally extirpated except one with suspicion of a malignant polyorchidism and another one with an apparently intratesticular lesion of great size. Just in two cases peroperatory biopsy was performed. Dyagnosis was in 4 cases adenomatoid tumour of epididymis, in two cases fibrous pseudotumour of epididymis, in one case leiomyoma of epididymis and in one case angiolipoma of spermatic cord. Just in one case diagnosed of adenomatoid tumour of epididymis ultrasound confirmed solid tumour suggesting the final dyagnosis. Conclusions: Adenomatoid tumors of epididymis are rare tumours which may present at any age. Ultrasound may help in dyagnosis, but its capacity to distinguish this lesions is low. Benignity of adenomatoid tumour of epididymis as well as most of the other paratesticular tumours should make local excission the treatment of choice and, when any doubt existed, peroperatory biopsy should be performed (AU)

Recidiva de carcinoma transicional en conducto uretero-ileal tras cistectomía radical / Transitional cell carcinoma relapse in uretero-ileal conduit after radical cistectomy

La recidiva de un tumor urotelial en el conducto uretero-ileal tras una cistectomía es poco frecuente, especialmente sin afectación del tracto urinario superior. Presentamos un caso de afectación de la unión uretero-ileal por tumor urotelial en un paciente cistectomiazado desde hacía 5 años por un tumor vesical infiltrante, al cual se le somete a un tratamiento endoscópico de su lesión con buenos resultados a los 13meses de seguimiento (AU)

Transitional cell carcinoma relapse in ileal conduit after radical cistectomy is a rare event, especially without upper urinary tract involvement. We describe a case of uretero-ileal transitional cell tumour five years after cistectomy for invasive urothelial tumour. Patient underwent endoscopic treatment with good results after 13 months of follow-up (AU)

Priapismo secundario a infiltración peneana por contigüidad de carcinoma vesical infiltrante / Priapism secondary to penis infiltration of bladder cancer

El priapismo de origen metastático es una entidad muy poco frecuente que se produce por implantación de células tumorales, o bien, por invasión directa por contigüidad de los cuerpos cavernosos. Hasta en un 80% de los casos el origen de los tumores primarios es genitourinario, principalmente por tumores prostáticos y vesicales. El tratamiento dependerá de la sintomatología que produzca y del pronóstico del paciente; pero generalmente, la supervivencia al año es muy pobre debido a que presentan una neoplasia en fase metastásica. Presentamos un caso de priapismo por invasión por contigüidad de los cuerpos cavernosos secundario a un carcinoma vesical (AU)

Metastasic priapism is a rare entity produced by tumor cell implantation or direct infiltration of corpora cavernousum of the penis. In up to 80% of cases the primary tumor has an urological origen like prostate or bladder cancers. Treatment depends on syntomatology and patient’s prognosis. Generally, average survival in these patients is poor due to metastasic progression, among 1 to 1 and a half years. We present a case report of secondary priapism for direct invasion of the corpora cavernousum of the penis for bladder carcinoma (AU)

Presentación de un nuevo caso de adenocarcinoma de células claras uretral y su manejo quirúrgico / Presentation of a new case of primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra and its surgical management

Objetivo: presentar un caso de adenocarcinoma uretral de células claras y su manejo quirúrgico. Material y métodos: se describe la clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución, de este tipo de tumor. Revisión de la literatura. Conclusión: es un tipo de tumor infrecuente que se asocia a mal pronóstico. La conformación de un reservorio con mecanismo de continencia tipo Mitrofanoff tiene su vigencia en este tipo de indicación. La cistectomía laparoscópica es una técnica realizable por grupos con cierto bagaje laparoscópico sin añadir grandes dificultades técnicas; no existe todavía un seguimiento a largo plazo como para valorar resultados oncológicos, pero sí se vislumbran ciertas ventajas funcionales

Objective: To present a new case of a primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra and its surgical management. Material and methods: We describe the clinical, diagnosis, treatment and development of this kind of tumor. Review of the literature. Conclusions: It is an unusual type of cancer associated with poor prognosis. Currently the construction of a continent urinary diversion using the Mitrofanoff principle has many indications as our case. Laparoscopic radical cystectomy can be done by experienced groups without adding much more technical difficulties; there are no long-term oncological outcome data but we believe in some functional advantages

Resección transuretral de próstata bipolar vs monopolar: análisis peroperatorio de los resultados / Bipolar versus monopolar transuretrhral resection of the prostate: preoperative analysis of the results

Objetivo: Analizar a corto plazo las posibles diferencias entre el resector bipolar y el resector monopolar convencional en la cirugía endoscópica de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo randomizado de 45 pacientes. Veintiún pacientes fueron intervenidos con resector monopolar (Storz Ch 26, 30º) y 24 con resector bipolar (Olympus ch 26, 30º). Resultados: La edad media fue de 69,5 años en el grupo bipolar frente a 67,3 del monopolar; flujo máximo medio previo a la cirugía (7,7 ml/seg vs 7,2 ml/seg); volumen ecográfico prostático (39,5 cc vs 42,7 cc); volumen de resección (13 gr vs 12,6 gr), y el tiempo de resección medio fue de 39,7 min vs 42,5 min. La capacidad de corte se calificó como notable-excelente en el 90% de los casos en el grupo bipolar frente a un 50% del monopolar (p=0,01). La adherencia de fragmentos al asa de resección se consideró abundante o muy abundante en 0% vs 60% (p=0,01). La capacidad de coagulación fue excelente-notable en 25% vs 75% (p=0,03). No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a los días de sondaje (2,92 vs 3,1), días de lavado (1,79 vs 2,05), días de ingreso (3,63 vs 3,67), disminución HTO (3,48 puntos vs 3,32) y Na plasmático (0,52 mg/dl vs 1,16) ni en los episodios de retención aguda de orina (sólo 1 paciente en el grupo monopolar). Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, la RTUP con SurgMaster en próstatas menores de 70 gr ofrece unas mejores prestaciones peroperatorias al cirujano (mejor capacidad de corte, menor adherencia de fragmentos) frente a la resección monopolar clásica, con similares resultados postoperatorios

Objective: To analyse the differences in the postoperative period between bipolar and monopolar resection of the prostate in the endoscopic surgery of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: 45 patients were prospectively randomized. Twenty-one underwent monopolar resection (Storz Ch 26, 30º) and 24 underwent bipolar resection (Olympus ch 26, 30º). Results: Mean age in the bipolar group was 69,5 years versus 67,3 in the monopolar group; mean flow before surgery (7,7 ml/s vs 7,2 ml/s); ecographic prostate volume (39,5 cc vs 42,7 cc); resection volume 13 g vs 12,6 g and mean resection time was 39,7 vs 42,5 min. Cut capacity was considered notable-excellent in 90% of the patients in the bipolar group vs 50% in the monopolar group (p=0,01); adherence of fragments were considered abundant or very abundant in 0% vs 60% (p=0,01); coagulation capacity was excellent-notable in 25% vs 75% (p=0,03). There were no significant differences on the days of catheterization (2,92 vs 3,1), continuous irrigation (1,79 vs 2,05), hospitalization (3,63 vs 3,67), hematocrite descent (3,48 vs 3,32) and plasmatic sodium (0,52 vs 1,16), neither on episodes of acute urine retention (only one patient in the monopolar group). Conclusions: In our experience, TURP with SurgMaster resector in prostate smaller than 70 g offers better peroperative qualities for the surgeon (better cut capacity, less adherence of fragments) than the monopolar resection, with similar postoperative outcomes

Quiste hidatídico renal simulando hipernefroma / Renal hydatidic cyst simulating hypernephroma

Objetivo: Presentar un nuevo caso de quiste hidatídico renal de diagnóstico iconográfico complejo. Material Y Métodos: Se describe la clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento de una masa renal compleja y posterior confirmación histológica tras la exéresis de la misma. Revisión de la literatura. Conclusiones: la hidatidosis renal es una localización infrecuente de esta patología. Es importante tenerla en cuenta a la hora del diagnóstico diferencial en el contexto de masas renales complejas. Existen procedimientos diagnósticos que nos pueden ayudar a confirmarla ante su sospecha. La cirugía es el tratamiento de elección en la mayoría de los casos (AU)

Objective: To present a new case of hydatid cyst of the kidney with a difficult radiographic diagnosis. Material And Methods: We describe the clinical, diagnosis and treatment of a complex renal mass and its histological confirmation after surgery. Review of the literature. Conclusions: kidney´s hydatidose is an unusual placement of this pathology. It is important to takecare in the differential diagnosis in the context of complexes renal masses. There are some diagnosis procedures which can help us to establish it. Surgery is the treatment of choice in the majority of the cases (AU)