RESUMEN
Dynactin is a protein complex required for the in vivo function of cytoplasmic dynein, a microtubule (MT)-based motor. Dynactin binds both dynein and MTs via its p150(Glued) subunit, but little is known about the 'pointed-end complex' that includes the protein subunits Arp11, p62 and the p27/p25 heterodimer. Here, we show that the p27/p25 heterodimer undergoes mitotic phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) at a single site, p27 Thr186, to generate an anchoring site for polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) at kinetochores. Removal of p27/p25 from dynactin results in reduced levels of Plk1 and its phosphorylated substrates at kinetochores in prometaphase, which correlates with aberrant kinetochore-MT interactions, improper chromosome alignment and abbreviated mitosis. To investigate the structural implications of p27 phosphorylation, we determined the structure of human p27. This revealed an unusual left-handed ß-helix domain, with the phosphorylation site located within a disordered, C-terminal segment. We conclude that dynactin plays a previously undescribed regulatory role in the spindle assembly checkpoint by recruiting Plk1 to kinetochores and facilitating phosphorylation of important downstream targets.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Cinetocoros/metabolismo , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Subunidades de Proteína/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Animales , Bovinos , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Línea Celular , Embrión de Pollo , Complejo Dinactina , Humanos , Ratones , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/genética , Microtúbulos/genética , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Fosforilación/fisiología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Subunidades de Proteína/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Huso Acromático/genética , Huso Acromático/metabolismo , Quinasa Tipo Polo 1RESUMEN
Dynactin is a multiprotein complex that works with cytoplasmic dynein and other motors to support a wide range of cell functions. It serves as an adaptor that binds both dynein and cargoes and enhances single-motor processivity. The dynactin subunit dynamitin (also known as p50) is believed to be integral to dynactin structure because free dynamitin displaces the dynein-binding p150(Glued) subunit from the cargo-binding Arp1 filament. We show here that the intrinsically disordered dynamitin N-terminus binds to Arp1 directly. When expressed in cells, dynamitin amino acids (AA) 1-87 causes complete release of endogenous dynamitin, p150, and p24 from dynactin, leaving behind Arp1 filaments carrying the remaining dynactin subunits (CapZ, p62, Arp11, p27, and p25). Tandem-affinity purification-tagged dynamitin AA 1-87 binds the Arp filament specifically, and binding studies with purified native Arp1 reveal that this fragment binds Arp1 directly. Neither CapZ nor the p27/p25 dimer contributes to interactions between dynamitin and the Arp filament. This work demonstrates for the first time that Arp1 can directly bind any protein besides another Arp and provides important new insight into the underpinnings of dynactin structure.