New Metabolites, Antifeedant, Insecticidal Activities, and Reciprocal Relationship Between Insect and Fungus from Endophyte Schizophyllum commune.

Five new bisabolane sesquiterpenes, a new polyketide, along with seven known compounds, were isolated from endophyte Schizophyllum commune associated with a famous medicinal and edible plant, Gastrodia elata. Most compounds 1-12, and extract indicated antifeedant activities against silkworm with feeding deterrence index (FDI) of 21-85 %, at concentrations of 20 µg/cm2 , 40 µg/cm2 , respectively. Compound 6 indicated obvious insecticidal activity with fatality rate of 60 %, at the concentration of 20 µg/cm2 . Five bisabolane sesquiterpenes, two ergosterols, and a glyceride showed insecticidal synergism by combining with abamectin. Interesting, ergosterol peroxide (13) distributed widely in mushrooms and fungi, was found to have feeding attractant activities on insects and antifungal activity against entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. The reciprocal relationship should be occurred between S. commune and pests for the fungus produced ergosterol peroxide to attract the pests propagating spore, and its anti-entomopathogen activity was also benefit for the health of insects.