Preoperative Risk Factors for Lymphedema in Inflammatory Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic lymphatic bypass or LYMPHA (LYmphatic Microsurgical Preventive Healing Approach) is increasingly offered to prevent lymphedema following breast cancer treatment, which develops in up to 47% of patients. Previous studies focused on intraoperative and postoperative lymphedema risk factors, which are often unknown preoperatively when the decision to perform LYMPHA is made. This study aims to identify preoperative lymphedema risk factors in the high-risk inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) population. METHODS: Retrospective review of our institution's IBC program database was conducted. The primary outcome was self-reported lymphedema development. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify preoperative lymphedema risk factors, while controlling for number of lymph nodes removed during axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), number of positive lymph nodes, residual disease on pathology, and need for adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of 356 patients with IBC, 134 (mean age: 51 years, range: 22-89 years) had complete data. All 134 patients underwent surgery and radiation. Forty-seven percent of all 356 patients (167/356) developed lymphedema. Obesity (body mass index > 30) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7, confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-6.4, p = 0.02) and non-white race (OR: 4.5, CI: 1.2-23, p = 0.04) were preoperative lymphedema risk factors. CONCLUSION: Patients with IBC are high risk for developing lymphedema due to the need for ALND, radiation, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study also identified non-white race and obesity as risk factors. Larger prospective studies should evaluate potential racial disparities in lymphedema development. Due to the high prevalence of lymphedema, LYMPHA should be considered for all patients with IBC.

The Impact of Redlining on Modern-Day Firearm Injuries: A Nationwide Study of Federal Policy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether exposure to the United States discriminatory housing practice of redlining, which occurred in over 200 cities in the 1930s, is associated with modern-day, community-level incidence of firearm injury. BACKGROUND: Firearm violence is a public health epidemic within the United States. Federal policies are crucial in both shaping and reducing the risk of firearm violence; identifying policies that might have contributed to risks also offers potential solutions. We analyzed whether 1930s exposure to the discriminatory housing practices that occurred in over 200 US cities was associated with the modern-day, community-level incidence of firearm injury. METHODS: We performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study between 2014 and 2018. Urban Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) historically exposed to detrimental redlining (grades C and D) were matched to unexposed ZCTAs based on modern-day population-level demographic characteristics (ie, age, Gini index, median income, percentage Black population, and education level). Incidence of firearm injury was derived from the Gun Violence Archive and aggregated to ZCTA level counts. Our primary outcome was the incidence of firearm injury, modeled using zero-inflated negative binomial regression. RESULTS: When controlling for urban firearm risk factors, neighborhoods with detrimental redlining were associated with 2.6 additional firearm incidents annually compared with nonredlined areas with similar modern-day risk factors. Over our study period, this accounts for an additional 23,000 firearm injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Historic, discriminatory Federal policies continue to impact modern-day firearm violence. Policies aimed at reversing detrimental redlining may offer an economic means to reduce firearm violence.

Cribriform morphology is associated with higher risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in patients with Grade Group 5 prostate cancer.

AIMS: Grade Group 5 (GG5) prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with a high risk of disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy (~75% at 5 years). However, this is a heterogeneous category that includes neoplasms with different combinations of Gleason pattern (GP) 4 and 5. Within GP4, large cribriform growth has been associated with adverse disease-specific outcomes in GG2-4 PCa. Less is known about the significance of cribriform morphology and the different histologic patterns of GP5 in GG5 PCa. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study we evaluated the prognostic implications of cribriform morphology (either invasive or intraductal, henceforth "cribriform") and large solid growth or comedonecrosis (comedo/solid) in patients with GG5 PCa. One-hundred and thirty prostatectomies from a single institution were analysed. The presence of comedo/solid components was associated with a higher frequency of concurrent cribriform PCa (85.7% versus 45.9%, P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (44.6% versus 27%, P = 0.04), and biochemical recurrence (48.2% versus 28.4%, P = 0.03). The presence of large cribriform growth was associated with a higher frequency of extraprostatic involvement (i.e. pT3a-b; 85.3% versus 68.7%, P = 0.02), positive surgical margins (47.6% versus 29.2%, P = 0.04) and biochemical recurrence (47.6% versus. 18.7%, P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that GG5 PCa with cribriform or comedo/solid components had a higher probability of biochemical recurrence. Multivariable analysis showed that only cribriform components were an independent predictor of a higher risk of biochemical recurrence in this series. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of reporting the presence of cribriform components in GG5 PCa and suggest that cribriform morphology might help decide postsurgical management in these patients.

Does benign prostate hyperplasia histopathological variation impact disease-specific clinical outcomes after transurethral resection?

The impact of histopathological variants in stromal and glandular tissue on clinical outcomes following transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is unexplored. We sought to evaluate the relationship between histopathological variations in TURP specimen and postoperative clinical outcomes. We performed a retrospective analysis of men undergoing initial TURP at our institution from 2017 to 2019. All pathology slides were re-reviewed by one specialized genitourinary pathologist who was blinded to all clinical data. Types of BPH were defined as: glandular-predominant (gland:stroma ratio >50%), mixed (gland:stroma ratio 25%-50%), and stromal-predominant (gland:stromal ratio <25%). Primary clinical outcomes were ∆ post-void residual and ∆ American Urological Society Symptom Score (AUASS) at 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively. We also evaluated for a temporal relationship between time since surgery and ∆AUASS amongst different histopathological subgroups. One hundred and five patients were included in the final analysis. 61/105 (58.1%) had glandular-predominant histopathology, 21/105 (20%) had stromal-predominant histopathology, and 23/105 (21.9%) were classified as mixed histopathology. On univariate and multivariate analysis, histopathological subtype was not a significant predictor of any of the clinical post-operative endpoints of interest at any time points. Disease-specific outcomes after TURP appear to be consistent across these different histopathologic subtypes.

Optimizing Axillary Management in Clinical T1-2N0 Mastectomy Patients with Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes.

BACKGROUND: Following publication of the AMAROS trial, we sought to optimize axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) + axillary radiation (AxRT) utilization in cT1-2N0 patients with 1-2 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) after mastectomy. METHODS: In November 2015, our multidisciplinary group implemented a protocol to omit intraoperative SLN evaluation for mastectomy patients with cT1-2N0 breast cancer likely to be recommended PMRT if found to have 1-2 positive SLNs (age ≤ 60 years and/or high-risk features defined as estrogen receptor-negative and/or positive for lymphovascular invasion). We prospectively evaluated axillary management, short-term complications, and oncologic outcomes in patients with 1-2 positive SLNs. RESULTS: From November 2015 to December 2018, 479 of 560 (85%) cT1-2N0 breast cancers treated with mastectomy were potential candidates for PMRT. Intraoperative SLN evaluation was omitted in 344 (72%), thus following the protocol. Overall, 121 cases had 1-2 positive SLNs: 17 (14%) were managed with observation, 5 (4%) PMRT alone, 59 (49%) PMRT + AxRT, 16 (13%) ALND alone, and 24 (20%) ALND + PMRT. Protocol compliance resulted in less ALND (8% vs. 24%) and less ALND + PMRT (9% vs. 41%, p < 0.01). At median follow-up of 24 months, there was one regional and four distant recurrences, with no regional recurrences or differences in disease-free survival in patients treated with ALND versus PMRT + AxRT (100% vs. 98%, p = 0.67). Similarly, there were no differences in complication rates (p = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Omitting intraoperative SLN evaluation in cT1-2N0 mastectomy patients who would be candidates for PMRT if found to have positive nodes decreased rates of ALND and minimized use of ALND + PMRT without compromising outcomes.

Impact of the Histologic Pattern of Residual Tumor After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Recurrence and Survival in Stage I-III Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Additional risk-stratification measures are needed in breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We aimed to describe oncologic outcomes in a modern cohort treated with NAC, and evaluate the prognostic value of histologic pattern of residual tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included patients with stage I-III breast cancer treated with NAC and surgery from 2004 to 2014. Histologic pattern of residual tumor was evaluated by central pathology review when slides were available. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to evaluate factors associated with locoregional recurrence (LRR), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Among 975 patients, median follow-up was 74.0 months and 10-year rates of LRR, RFS, and OS were 9.8%, 67.6% and 74.4%, respectively. Biologic subtype, pathologic node-positive disease, and pathologic complete response (pCR) were associated with outcomes. Among 666 (68.3%) patients with central pathology review, pattern of residual disease was not significantly associated with LRR. However, both scattered residual tumor and no/minimal response relative to a concentric pattern of response were significantly associated with inferior RFS (scattered: hazard ratio 2.0, p = 0.015; no/minimal response: hazard ratio 2.2, p = 0.021) and OS (scattered: hazard ratio 2.2, p = 0.026; no/minimal response: hazard ratio 2.5, p = 0.023). This finding was most prominent in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a scattered relative to concentric pattern of residual tumor after NAC had inferior RFS and OS, nearly as poor as those with no/minimal response. Histologic pattern of residual tumor may represent a novel prognostic measure, particularly in the triple-negative breast cancer population.

Fellowship training influences learning curves for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedure. Little is known about how surgeon training background influences the learning curve of this procedure. We examined operating times (OT), weight loss outcomes, and 30-day complications between surgeons with and without fellowship training in LSG. We hypothesize that post-residency training specific to LSG influences learning curves. METHODS: Surgeons from a single institution were split into two groups: those who had not completed fellowship training in LSG (NF, n = 3), and those who had completed LSG specific training in fellowship (SGF, n = 3). OTs, BMI changes at 1 year, and 30-day readmissions, reoperations, and complications were extracted for the first 100 LSG cases of each surgeon. Data were analyzed in bins of 20 cases. Comparisons were made between cohorts within a bin and between adjacent bins of the same surgeon cohort. Logistic regression analyses were performed of OT and weight loss outcomes. RESULTS: SGF surgeons showed no difference in OTs over their first 100 cases. NF surgeons had statistically significant increased OTs compared to SGF surgeons during their first 60 cases and progressively shortened OTs during that interval (109 min to 78 min, p < 0.001 for NF surgeons vs. 73 min to 69 min, SGF surgeons). NF surgeons had a significantly steeper slope for improvement in OT over case number. There was no correlation between case number and weight loss outcomes in either group, and no differences in 30-day outcomes between groups. CONCLUSION: Surgeons who trained to perform LSG in fellowship demonstrate faster and consistent OR times on their initial independent LSG cases compared to surgeons who did not, with no correlation between case number and weight loss outcomes or safety profiles for either group. This suggests that learning curves for LSG are achieved during formal case-specific fellowship training.

Comparison of Breast Cancer Staging Systems After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: No consensus exists for optimal staging following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We compared the performance of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathologic prognostic staging system, Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) Index, and the Neo-Bioscore in breast cancer patients after NAC. METHODS: Patients with stage I-III breast cancer who received NAC at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute from 2004 to 2014 were identified. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and model fits were compared by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve using the c-statistic and DeLong's test. RESULTS: Overall, 802 patients with a median age of 48 years received NAC. Most patients presented with cT2 (n = 470, 58.6%) and cN1 (n = 422, 52.6%) disease. The subtype was estrogen receptor (ER)- and/or progesterone receptor (PR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative in 296 (36.9%) patients, HER2-positive in 261 (32.5%) patients, and triple-negative in 245 (30.5%) patients. Median follow-up was 79.5 months. There were 174 recurrences (30 local, 25 regional, 145 distant), with 676 (76.8%) patients alive at last follow-up. AJCC pathologic prognostic staging and RCB had better discrimination for estimated 7-year DFS and OS compared with the Neo-Bioscore. The ROC c-statistics for DFS model fit were similar for AJCC pathologic prognostic stage (0.72) and RCB (0.71, p = non-significant); both had improved model fit versus the Neo-Bioscore (0.65, p < 0.01). The c-statistics for OS were 0.74, 0.71, and 0.70 for AJCC pathologic prognostic stage, RCB, and Neo-Bioscore, respectively (p = non-significant). CONCLUSIONS: These results validate the ability of these staging systems to stratify survival outcomes in NAC patients, with best discrimination achieved using AJCC pathologic prognostic stage or RCB.

COVID-19, Air Pollution, and Racial Inequity: Connecting the Dots.

COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency. Exposure to air pollution represents a serious health issue in overall mortality worldwide. The health risks of some racial subgroups are spiraling as they have higher levels of exposure to air pollutants, hence being more susceptible to mortality from COVID-19.

Associations of Air Pollution and Pediatric Asthma in Cleveland, Ohio.

Air pollution has been associated with poor health outcomes and continues to be a risk factor for respiratory health in children. While higher particulate matter (PM) levels are associated with increased frequency of symptoms, lower lung function, and increase airway inflammation from asthma, the precise composition of the particles that are more highly associated with poor health outcomes or healthcare utilization are not fully elucidated. PM is measured quantifiably by current air pollution monitoring systems. To better determine sources of PM and speciation of such sources, a particulate matter (PM) source apportionment study, the Cleveland Multiple Air Pollutant Study (CMAPS), was conducted in Cleveland, Ohio, in 2009-2010, which allowed more refined assessment of associations with health outcomes. This article presents an evaluation of short-term (daily) and long-term associations between motor vehicle and industrial air pollution components and pediatric asthma emergency department (ED) visits by evaluating two sets of air quality data with healthcare utilization for pediatric asthma. Exposure estimates were developed using land use regression models for long-term exposures for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and coarse (i.e., with aerodynamic diameters between 2.5 and 10 µm) particulate matter (PM) and the US EPA Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model for short-term exposures to fine (<2.5 µm) and coarse PM components. Exposure metrics from these two approaches were used in asthma ED visit prevalence and time series analyses to investigate seasonal-averaged short- and long-term impacts of both motor vehicles and industry emissions. Increased pediatric asthma ED visits were found for LUR coarse PM and NO2 estimates, which were primarily contributed by motor vehicles. Consistent, statistically significant associations with pediatric asthma visits were observed, with short-term exposures to components of fine and coarse iron PM associated with steel production. Our study is the first to combine spatial and time series analysis of ED visits for asthma using the same periods and shows that PM related to motor vehicle emissions and iron/steel production are associated with increased pediatric asthma visits.

Functional modeling of pedaling kinematics for the Stroke patients.

Understanding deficits in motor control through the analysis of pedaling biomechanics plays a key role in the treatment of stroke patients. A thorough study of the impact of different exercise patterns and workloads on the change between pre- and post-treatment movement patterns in the patients is therefore of utmost importance to the clinicians. The objective of this study was to analyze the difference between pre- and post-treatment pedaling torques when the patients are subject to different exercise groups with varying workloads. The effects of affected vs unaffected side along with the covariates age and BMI have also been accounted for in this work. Two different three-way ANOVA-based approaches have been implemented here. In the first approach, a random projection-based ANOVA technique has been performed treating the pedaling torques as functional response, whereas the second approach utilizes distance measures to summarize the difference between pre- and post-treatment torques and perform nonparametric tests on it. Bayesian bootstrap has been used here to perform tests on the median distance. A group of stroke patients have been studied in the Cleveland Clinic categorizing them into different exercise groups and workload patterns. The data obtained have been analyzed with the aforementioned techniques, and the results have been reported here. These techniques turn out to be promising and will help clinicians recommend personalized treatment to stroke patients for optimal results.

An iPad-based Measure of Processing Speed in Older Adults Hospitalized for Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND: In older adults hospitalized with heart failure (HF), cognitive impairment is associated with increased hospital readmission and mortality risk. There is no consensus on an objective, scalable method of cognitive screening in this population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this project was to determine the feasibility, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity of the Processing Speed Test (PST), a test of information processing, attention, and working memory administered on an iPad in older adults hospitalized with HF. METHODS: Patients hospitalized with HF (n = 30) and age-, sex-, and education-matched controls (n = 30) participated in the study. To determine test-retest reliability, the PST was administered on an iPad on 2 occasions, separated by 12 to 48 hours. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test was administered at the first testing time point to determine convergent validity. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability of the PST was 0.80 and 0.92 in individuals with HF and controls, respectively. Convergent validity was 0.72 and 0.90 for individuals with HF and controls, respectively. Time to complete the PST was similar for both individuals with HF and controls (<5 minutes). CONCLUSION: The iPad-based deployment of the PST was a feasible, reliable, and valid cognitive screen for older adults hospitalized with HF. Using a tablet-based self-administered cognitive screen in older adults with HF provides a method of cognitive assessment that is amenable to widespread clinical utilization.

The Two Minute Walk Test Overground and on a Self-Paced Treadmill Detects Dual Task Deficits in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease.

The aim of this project was to 1) evaluate the potential of the Two Minute Walk Test (2MWT) to detect declines in gait velocity under dual task conditions, and 2) compare gait velocity overground and on a self-paced treadmill in Parkinson's disease (PD). Twenty-three individuals with PD completed the 2MWT under single and dual task (serial 7s) conditions overground and on a self-paced treadmill. There was a significant decrease in gait velocity from single to dual task conditions overground (1.32±.22 m/sec to 1.10±.25 m/sec, p <.001) and on the self-paced treadmill (1.24±.21 m/sec to 1.05±.25 m/sec, p <.001). Overground and treadmill velocities were not statistically different from each other; however, differences approached or exceeded the minimal clinical important difference. The 2MWT coupled with a cognitive task provides an effective model of identifying dual task declines in individuals with PD. Further studies comparing overground and self-paced treadmill velocity is warranted in PD.

Forced Aerobic Exercise Preceding Task Practice Improves Motor Recovery Poststroke.

OBJECTIVE: To understand how two types of aerobic exercise affect upper-extremity motor recovery post-stroke. Our aims were to (1) evaluate the feasibility of having people who had a stroke complete an aerobic exercise intervention and (2) determine whether forced or voluntary exercise differentially facilitates upper-extremity recovery when paired with task practice. METHOD: Seventeen participants with chronic stroke completed twenty-four 90-min sessions over 8 wk. Aerobic exercise was immediately followed by task practice. Participants were randomized to forced or voluntary aerobic exercise groups or to task practice only. RESULTS: Improvement on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment exceeded the minimal clinically important difference: 12.3, 4.8, and 4.4 for the forced exercise, voluntary exercise, and repetitive task practice-only groups, respectively. Only the forced exercise group exhibited a statistically significant improvement. CONCLUSION: People with chronic stroke can safely complete intensive aerobic exercise. Forced aerobic exercise may be optimal in facilitating motor recovery associated with task practice.

Bilateral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction with Unilateral Radiotherapy: A Matched Cohort Study Comparing Nipple-sparing Mastectomy and Skin-sparing Mastectomy.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) preserves the natural nipple-areola complex and entire native breast skin, with the goal of better cosmetic outcomes in breast reconstruction. In bilateral TE/implant-based reconstruction requiring unilateral postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT), progressive radiation-induced fibrosis can lead to increasing nipple asymmetry with cosmetic dissatisfaction. Thus, PMRT may ultimately negate the intended positive cosmetic value of NSM compared with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM). This study compares (1) surgical complications, (2) patient satisfaction, and (3) aesthetic outcomes between NSM versus SSM in bilateral implant-based reconstruction with unilateral PMRT. Methods: This retrospective matched cohort study included consecutive NSM patients with bilateral TE/implant breast reconstruction + unilateral PMRT matched 1:2 to SSM group. Patients completed PMRT and TE exchange to implants. Demographics, oncologic stage, comorbidities, and complications were collected. Patient satisfaction was evaluated by BREAST-Q. Aesthetic outcomes were assessed by blinded reviewers with a five-point Likert scale. Results: Among 58 patients who underwent bilateral TE/implant reconstruction with unilateral PMRT, 17 NSM patients were matched to 41 SSM patients by age, body mass index, and comorbidities. No significant differences existed in overall surgical complications and individual BREAST-Q questionnaire scores between cohorts. However, aesthetic outcomes scores were higher in SSM compared with NSM. Conclusions: Although NSM is generally associated with superior cosmetic outcomes compared with SSM, it has far less impact in bilateral implant-based breast reconstruction with unilateral PMRT due to the negative postradiotherapy effect on nipple symmetry.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Serious Illness Conversation Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

CONTEXT: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients. However, little is known about the quality of serious illness communication in these communities during this time. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether racial and ethnic disparities manifested in serious illness conversations during the pandemic. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational, cohort study of adult patients with a documented serious illness conversation from March 2020 to April 2021. Serious illness conversation documentation quality was assessed by counting the median number (IQR) of conversation domains and their elements included in the documentation. Domains included (1) values and goals, (2) prognosis and illness understanding, (3) end-of-life care planning, and (4) life-sustaining treatment preferences. A multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations between differences in serious illness documentation quality with patient race and ethnicity. RESULTS: Among 291 patients, 149 (51.2%) were non-Hispanic White; 81 (27.8%) were non-Hispanic Black; and 61 (21.0%) were Hispanic patients. Non-Hispanic Black patients were associated with fewer domains (OR 0.46 [95% CI 0.25, 0.84]; P=.01) included in their serious illness conversation documentation compared to non-Hispanic White patients. Both non-Hispanic Black (OR 0.35 [95% CI 0.20, 0.62]; P<.001) and Hispanic patients (OR 0.29 [95% CI 0.14, 0.58]; P<.001) were associated with fewer elements in the values and goals domain compared to non-Hispanic White patients in their serious illness documentation. CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, serious illness conversation documentation among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients was less comprehensive compared to non-Hispanic White patients.

Identifying predictors of childhood anaemia in north-east India.

The objective of this study is to examine the factors that influence the occurrence of childhood anaemia in North-East India by exploring dataset of the Reproductive and Child Health-II Survey (RCH-II). The study population consisted of 10,137 children in the age-group of 0-6 year(s) from North-East India to explore the predictors of childhood anaemia by means of different background characteristics, such as place of residence, religion, household standard of living, literacy of mother, total children ever born to a mother, age of mother at marriage. Prevalence of anaemia among children was taken as a polytomous variable. The predicted probabilities of anaemia were established via multinomial logistic regression model. These probabilities provided the degree of assessment of the contribution of predictors in the prevalence of childhood anaemia. The mean haemoglobin concentration in children aged 0-6 year(s) was found to be 11.85 g/dL, with a standard deviation of 5.61 g/dL. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that rural children were at greater risk of severe (OR = 2.035; p = 0.003) and moderate (OR = 1.23; p = 0.003) anaemia. All types of anaemia (severe, moderate, and mild) were more prevalent among Hindu children (OR = 2.971; p = 0.000), (OR = 1.195; p = 0.010), and (OR = 1.201; p = 0.011) than among children of other religions whereas moderate (OR = 1.406; p = 0.001) and mild (OR = 1.857; p=0.000) anaemia were more prevalent among Muslim children. The fecundity of the mother was found to have significant effect on anaemia. Women with multiple children were prone to greater risk of anaemia. The multiple logistic regression analysis also confirmed that children of literate mothers were comparatively at lesser risk of severe anaemia. Mother's age at marriage had a significant effect on anaemia of their children as well.