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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(4): 770-774, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38526209

RESUMEN

In 2020, a sylvatic dengue virus serotype 2 infection outbreak resulted in 59 confirmed dengue cases in Kedougou, Senegal, suggesting those strains might not require adaptation to reemerge into urban transmission cycles. Large-scale genomic surveillance and updated molecular diagnostic tools are needed to effectively prevent dengue virus infections in Senegal.


Asunto(s)
Virus del Dengue , Dengue , Humanos , Virus del Dengue/genética , Senegal/epidemiología , Serogrupo , Ambiente , Dengue/epidemiología
2.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(8): 1687-1691, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39043450

RESUMEN

In December 2023, we observed through hospital-based surveillance a severe outbreak of enterovirus D68 infection in pediatric inpatients in Dakar, Senegal. Molecular characterization revealed that subclade B3, the dominant lineage in outbreaks worldwide, was responsible for the outbreak. Enhanced surveillance in inpatient settings, including among patients with neurologic illnesses, is needed.


Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Enterovirus Humano D , Infecciones por Enterovirus , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio , Humanos , Senegal/epidemiología , Enterovirus Humano D/genética , Enterovirus Humano D/clasificación , Enterovirus Humano D/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/virología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virología , Preescolar , Lactante , Niño , Filogenia , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedad Aguda/epidemiología , Adolescente , Hospitales , Historia del Siglo XXI
3.
BMC Microbiol ; 24(1): 449, 2024 Nov 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39501140

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen, that is responsible for a wide variety of infections and is a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections. A. baumannii is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a critical priority pathogen because of its high level of antibiotic resistance and the urgent need for alternative treatment solutions. To address this challenge, bacteriophages have been used to combat bacterial infections for more than a century, and phage research has regained interest in recent years due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, although the vast majority of deaths from the AMR crisis will occur in developing countries in Africa and Asia, few phages' studies have been conducted in these regions. In this study, we present a comprehensive characterization of the bacteriophages vAbBal23 and vAbAbd25, actives against extremely drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii. METHODS: Phages were isolated from environmental wastewaters in Dakar, Senegal. The host-range, thermal and pH stabilities, infection kinetics, one step growth assay, antibiofilm activity assay, sequencing, and genomic analysis, were performed to characterize the isolated phages. RESULTS: Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that vAbBal23 and vAbAbd25 belong to the Caudoviricetes class, Autographiviridae family and Friunavirus genus. Both phages demonstrated activity against strains with capsular type KL230. They were stable over a wide pH range (pH 3 to 9) and at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 40 °C. Additionally, the phages exhibited notable activity against both planktonic and biofilm cells of targeted extremely drug resistant A. baumannii. The results presented here indicate the lytic nature of vAbBal23 and vAbAbd25. This is further supported by the absence of genes encoding toxins, resistance genes and bacterial virulence factors, highlighting their potential for future phage applications. CONCLUSION: Phages vAbBal23 and vAbAbd25 are promising biological agents that can infect A. baumannii, making them suitable candidates for use in phage therapies.


Asunto(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii , Bacteriófagos , Biopelículas , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Genoma Viral , Acinetobacter baumannii/virología , Acinetobacter baumannii/efectos de los fármacos , Acinetobacter baumannii/fisiología , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Senegal , Bacteriófagos/fisiología , Bacteriófagos/genética , Bacteriófagos/aislamiento & purificación , Bacteriófagos/clasificación , Aguas Residuales/microbiología , Aguas Residuales/virología , Especificidad del Huésped , Filogenia , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/microbiología
4.
J Med Virol ; 96(10): e70010, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39443827

RESUMEN

Despite decades of influenza surveillance in many African countries, little is known about the evolutionary dynamics of seasonal influenza viruses. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological, genetic and antigenic profiles of A/H3N2 viruses in Senegal from 2010 to 2022. A/H3N2 infection was confirmed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, a representative of A/H3N2 isolates was selected for genome sequencing. Predicted vaccine efficacy was measured using the Pepitope model. During the study period, 22638 samples were tested and influenza was detected in 31.8%, among which type A was confirmed in 78.1%. Of the Influenza A cases, the H3N2 subtype was detected in 29.8%, peaking at expected times during the rainy season. Genome sequencing of 123A/H3N2 isolates yielded 24 complete and 99 partial genomic sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of multiple clades of A/H3N2 in Senegal, including 2a.3, 3C.2 and 3C.3a. A/H3N2 isolates were mainly susceptible to the influenza antiviral drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir, but the primary adamantine-resistance marker, S31N was encountered in all isolates. At least nine potential N-linked glycosylation sites were predicted among A/H3N2 strains, six of which (at positions 24, 38, 79, 181, 262 and 301) remains conserved among all isolates. Antigenic distances between circulating strains and vaccine viruses indicated varying vaccine efficacies, from suboptimal to moderate protection. The findings emphasize the need to enhance local genomic and antigenic surveillance and further research on influenza epidemiology and genetic evolution in sub-Saharan Africa.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana , Filogenia , Senegal/epidemiología , Humanos , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Gripe Humana/virología , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/clasificación , Adulto , Antígenos Virales/genética , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Adulto Joven , Preescolar , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Masculino , Niño , Anciano , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Lactante , Vacunas contra la Influenza/inmunología , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Genoma Viral , Estaciones del Año , Farmacorresistencia Viral/genética , Eficacia de las Vacunas , Evolución Molecular , Anciano de 80 o más Años
5.
Virol J ; 21(1): 163, 2024 Jul 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39044231

RESUMEN

Usutu virus (USUV), an arbovirus from the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus, has recently gained increasing attention because of its potential for emergence. After his discovery in South Africa, USUV spread to other African countries, then emerged in Europe where it was responsible for epizootics. The virus has recently been found in Asia. USUV infection in humans is considered to be most often asymptomatic or to cause mild clinical signs. However, a few cases of neurological complications such as encephalitis or meningo-encephalitis have been reported in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. USUV natural life cycle involves Culex mosquitoes as its main vector, and multiple bird species as natural viral reservoirs or amplifying hosts, humans and horses can be incidental hosts. Phylogenetic studies carried out showed eight lineages, showing an increasing genetic diversity for USUV. This work describes the development and validation of a novel whole-genome amplicon-based sequencing approach to Usutu virus. This study was carried out on different strains from Senegal and Italy. The new approach showed good coverage using samples derived from several vertebrate hosts and may be valuable for Usutu virus genomic surveillance to better understand the dynamics of evolution and transmission of the virus.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Flavivirus , Flavivirus , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Flavivirus/genética , Flavivirus/clasificación , Flavivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Infecciones por Flavivirus/virología , Infecciones por Flavivirus/veterinaria , Humanos , Senegal , Italia , Aves/virología , ARN Viral/genética , Variación Genética , Culex/virología , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Caballos/virología
6.
J Med Virol ; 95(1): e28347, 2023 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36424699

RESUMEN

Globally, 390 million people are at risk of dengue infection and over the past 50 years, the virus incidence increased thirty-fold. In Senegal, an unprecedented occurrence of outbreaks and sporadic cases have been noticed since 2017. In October 2018, an outbreak of Dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) was reported in the north of Senegal affecting multiple areas including Saint-Louis, Richard Toll, and Rosso which are located at the border with Mauritania. Of these 173 blood specimen samples collected from patients, 27 were positive for dengue by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), and eight were serologically confirmed to be positive for DENV immunoglobulin M (IgM). Serotyping using qRT-PCR reveals that isolates were positive for DENV-2. A subset of DENV-2 positive samples was selected and subjected to whole-genome sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of six nearly complete genome sequences revealed that the isolates belong to the cosmopolitan genotype and are closely related to the Mauritanian strains detected between 2017 and 2018 and those detected in many West African countries such as Burkina Faso or Cote d'Ivoire. Our results suggest a transboundary circulation of the DENV-2 cosmopolitan genotype between Senegal and Mauritania and call for a need for coordinated surveillance of arboviruses between these two countries. Interestingly, a high level of homology between West African isolates highlights endemicity and calls for the set-up of subregional viral genomic surveillance which will lead to a better understanding of viral dynamics, transmission, and spread across Africa.


Asunto(s)
Virus del Dengue , Dengue , Humanos , Dengue/epidemiología , Senegal/epidemiología , Filogenia , Brotes de Enfermedades , Genotipo , Burkina Faso , Serogrupo
7.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 28(2): 457-460, 2022 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34906290

RESUMEN

This overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 circulation over 1.5 years in Guinea demonstrates that virus clades and variants of interest and concern were progressively introduced, mostly by travellers through Conakry, before spreading through the country. Sequencing is key to following virus evolution and establishing efficient control strategies.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Guinea/epidemiología , Humanos
8.
J Med Virol ; 94(11): 5593-5600, 2022 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35879861

RESUMEN

To assess the genetic diversity of circulating dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) in Senegal, we analyzed nine newly generated complete genomes of strains isolated during the 2018 outbreaks and 06 sequences obtained in 2018 and 2019 from Thiès and Rosso, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Senegalese strains belonged to the cosmopolitan genotype of DENV-2, but we observed intragenotype variability leading to a divergence in two clades associated with specific geographic distribution. We report two DENV-2 variants belonging to two distinct clades. Isolates from the "Northern clade" (n = 8) harbored three nonsynonymous mutations (V1183M, R1405K, P2266T) located respectively on NS2A, NS2B, and NS4A, while isolates from the "Western clade" (n = 7) had two nonsynonymous mutations (V1185E, V3214E) located respectively in the NS2A and NS5 genes. These findings call for phylogeographic analysis to investigate routes of introductions, dispersal patterns, and in-depth in vitro and functional study to elucidate the impact of observed mutations on viral fitness, spread, epidemiology, and pathology.


Asunto(s)
Virus del Dengue , Dengue , Dengue/epidemiología , Genotipo , Humanos , Filogenia , Filogeografía , Senegal/epidemiología
9.
Anal Chem ; 93(4): 2627-2634, 2021 02 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33471510

RESUMEN

In March 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak was declared as a world pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The only measures for controlling the outbreak are testing and isolation of infected cases. Molecular real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are very sensitive but require highly equipped laboratories and well-trained personnel. In this study, a rapid point-of-need detection method was developed to detect the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), envelope protein (E), and nucleocapsid protein (N) genes of SARS-CoV-2 based on the reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay. RdRP, E, and N RT-RPA assays required approximately 15 min to amplify 2, 15, and 15 RNA molecules of molecular standard/reaction, respectively. RdRP and E RT-RPA assays detected SARS-CoV-1 and 2 genomic RNA, whereas the N RT-RPA assay identified only SARS-CoV-2 RNA. All established assays did not cross-react with nucleic acids of other respiratory pathogens. The RT-RPA assay's clinical sensitivity and specificity in comparison to real-time RT-PCR (n = 36) were 94 and 100% for RdRP; 65 and 77% for E; and 83 and 94% for the N RT-RPA assay. The assays were deployed to the field, where the RdRP RT-RPA assays confirmed to produce the most accurate results in three different laboratories in Africa (n = 89). The RPA assays were run in a mobile suitcase laboratory to facilitate the deployment at point of need. The assays can contribute to speed up the control measures as well as assist in the detection of COVID-19 cases in low-resource settings.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19/diagnóstico , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Recombinasas/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , COVID-19/virología , Humanos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
10.
BMC Infect Dis ; 21(1): 867, 2021 Aug 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34429064

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is a mosquito born disease associated with self-limited to life threatening illness. First detected in Senegal in the nineteenth century, and despite its growing incidence this last decade, significant knowledge gaps exist in our knowledge of genetic diversity of circulating strains. This study highlights the circulating serotypes and genotypes between January 2017 and December 2018 and their spatial and temporal distribution throughout all regions of Senegal. METHODS: We used 56 dengue virus (DENV) strains for the analysis collected from 11 sampling areas: 39 from all regions of Senegal, and 17 isolates from Thiès, a particular area of the country. Two real time RT-qPCR systems were used to confirm dengue infection and corresponding serotypes. For molecular characterization, CprM gene was sequenced and submitted to phylogenetic analysis for serotypes and genotypes assignment. RESULTS: Three dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-3) were detected by all used methods. DENV-3 was detected in 50% (28/56) of the isolates, followed by DENV-1 and DENV-2, each representing 25% (14/56) of the isolates. DENV-3 belongs to genotype III, DENV-1 to genotype V and DENV-2 to Cosmopolitan genotype. Serotype 3 was detected in 7 sampling locations and a co-circulation of different serotypes was observed in Thiès, Fatick and Richard-toll. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasize the need of continuous DENV surveillance in Senegal to detect DENV cases, to define circulating serotypes/genotypes and to prevent the spread and the occurrence of severe cases.


Asunto(s)
Virus del Dengue/genética , Dengue/epidemiología , Dengue/diagnóstico , Virus del Dengue/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Filogenia , Vigilancia en Salud Pública , Senegal/epidemiología , Serogrupo , Análisis Espacial
13.
Malar J ; 15: 155, 2016 Mar 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26969623

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Concurrent malaria and arbovirus infections are common and represent an important public health concern in regions where both diseases are endemic. The present study investigates the genetic diversity and complexity of Plasmodium falciparum infection in concurrent malaria-arbovirus infections in Kedougou region, southeastern Senegal. METHODS: Parasite DNA was extracted from 60 to 27 sera samples collected from P. falciparum isolates of malaria and concurrent malaria-arbovirus infected patients, respectively, and followed by PCR-genotyping targeting the msp-1 (block2) and msp-2 (block3) allelic families. RESULTS: The mean number of genotype per allelic family was comparable between the two groups. K1 was the predominant msp-1 allelic type both in malaria (94.91%) and arbovirus-malaria (92.59%) groups, whereas IC/3D7 was the most prevalent msp-2 allelic type in malaria (94.91%) and arbovirus-malaria (96.29%) groups. Frequencies of msp-1 and msp-2 allelic types were statistically comparable between the two groups (Fisher exact test, P > 0.05) and were not associated with age. FC27 was strikingly the least prevalent in both groups and was absent in children under 5 years of age. The proportions of P. falciparum isolates from malaria-infected patients carrying the three msp-1 allelic types (67.44%) or the two msp-2 allelic types (76.47%) were significantly higher than those from arbovirus-malaria co-infected patients (Exact binomial test, P < 0.05). The multiplicities of infection (MOI) were low and comparable for msp-1 (1.19 vs 1.22) and msp-2 (1.11 vs 1.10), respectively between malaria and arbovirus-malaria groups. CONCLUSION: The study showed no difference in the genetic diversity between P. falciparum isolates from malaria and concurrent malaria-arbovirus infected patients in Kedougou. The MOI was low despite intense malaria transmission in Kedougou. The overall results suggest a limited or no influence of arbovirus infections on P. falciparum diversity and complexity of malaria infection.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Arbovirus/complicaciones , Coinfección/parasitología , Variación Genética , Malaria Falciparum/complicaciones , Malaria Falciparum/parasitología , Plasmodium falciparum/clasificación , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos de Protozoos/genética , Niño , Preescolar , ADN Protozoario/genética , ADN Protozoario/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Genotipo , Técnicas de Genotipaje , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Proteína 1 de Superficie de Merozoito/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Plasmodium falciparum/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Proteínas Protozoarias/genética , Senegal , Adulto Joven
14.
Viruses ; 16(2)2024 02 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38400037

RESUMEN

Bataï virus (BATV), belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus, is an emerging mosquito-borne virus with documented cases in Asia, Europe, and Africa. It causes various symptoms in humans and ruminants. Another related virus is Ilesha virus (ILEV), which causes a range of diseases in humans and is mainly found in African countries. This study aimed to genetically identify and characterize a BATV strain previously misclassified as ILEV in Senegal. The strain was reactivated and subjected to whole genome sequencing using an Illumina-based approach. Genetic analyses and phylogeny were performed to assess the evolutionary relationships. Genomic analyses revealed a close similarity between the Senegal strain and the BATV strains UgMP-6830 from Uganda. The genetic distances indicated high homology. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the Senegal strain's clustering with BATV. This study corrects the misclassification, confirming the presence of BATV in West Africa. This research represents the first evidence of BATV circulation in West Africa, underscoring the importance of genomic approaches in virus classification. Retrospective sequencing is crucial for reevaluating strains and identifying potential public health threats among neglected viruses.


Asunto(s)
Virus Bunyamwera , Culicidae , Orthobunyavirus , Animales , Humanos , Virus Bunyamwera/genética , Senegal , Filogenia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Orthobunyavirus/genética , Genómica , Rumiantes
15.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2824: 35-65, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39039405

RESUMEN

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a globally important mosquito-borne virus that can also be directly transmitted via aerosolization of body fluids from infected animals. RVFV outbreaks cause mass mortality of young livestock and abortions in animals. In most severe human cases, the disease can progress to hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis, leading to death. RVF has a significant economic impact due to the loss of livestock that is a great challenge for people who depend on animals for income and food. Several vaccines are available for animal use, but none are yet licensed for use in human populations. This situation emphasizes the need to have robust and efficient diagnostic methods that can be used for early case confirmation, assessment of seroprevalence, and virus surveillance as well as vaccine efficacy evaluation. Despite the existence of different diagnostic methods for RVFV, we still have untimely reporting or underreporting of cases, probably due to lack of appropriate surveillance systems or diagnostic tools in some endemic countries. Here, we describe different methods available for detection and diagnosis of RVFV.


Asunto(s)
Fiebre del Valle del Rift , Virus de la Fiebre del Valle del Rift , Virus de la Fiebre del Valle del Rift/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Fiebre del Valle del Rift/inmunología , Fiebre del Valle del Rift/diagnóstico , Fiebre del Valle del Rift/epidemiología , Animales , Humanos , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos
16.
Trop Med Infect Dis ; 9(2)2024 Jan 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38393121

RESUMEN

Dengue virus is becoming a major public health threat worldwide, principally in Africa. From 2016 to 2020, 23 outbreaks were reported in Africa, principally in West Africa. In Senegal, dengue outbreaks have been reported yearly since 2017. Data about the circulating serotypes and their spatial and temporal distribution were limited to outbreaks that occurred between 2017 and 2018. Herein, we describe up-to-date molecular surveillance of circulating DENV serotypes in Senegal between 2019 to 2023 and their temporal and spatial distribution around the country. For this purpose, suspected DENV-positive samples were collected and subjected to dengue detection and serotyping using RT-qPCR methods. Positive samples were used for temporal and spatial mapping. A subset of DENV+ samples were then sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Results show a co-circulation of three DENV serotypes with an overall predominance of DENV-3. In terms of abundance, DENV-3 is followed by DENV-1, with scarce cases of DENV-2 from February 2019 to February 2022. Interestingly, data show the extinction of both serotype 1 and serotype 2 and the only circulation of DENV-3 from March 2022 to February 2023. At the genotype level, the analysis shows that sequenced strains belong to same genotype as previously described: Senegalese DENV-1 strains belong to genotype V, DENV-2 strains to the cosmopolitan genotype, and DENV-3 strains to Genotype III. Interestingly, newly obtained DENV 1-3 sequences clustered in different clades within genotypes. This co-circulation of strains belonging to different clades could have an effect on virus epidemiology and transmission dynamics. Overall, our results highlight DENV serotype replacement by DENV-3, accompanied by a wider geographic distribution, in Senegal. These results highlight the importance of virus genomic surveillance and call for further viral fitness studies using both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in-depth phylogeographic studies to uncover the virus dispersal patterns across the country.

17.
Virus Res ; 339: 199259, 2024 01 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37926155

RESUMEN

In Senegal, since its first detection in early March 2020, genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 isolates has led to the identification of the emergence of the Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages from early June 2022. To investigate the origin of a cluster of cases in Northern Senegal on July 2022, isolates were analysed using Next-generation sequencing and phylogeny. Our data provided evidence of the origin of the cluster of BA.4 cases from a XAS recombinant, that is to date, the first reported sequence of this variant from Senegal. Continuous genomic surveillance of positive SARS-CoV-2 samples is a crucial need.


Asunto(s)
Genómica , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Senegal , Filogenia , SARS-CoV-2/genética
18.
Microbiol Resour Announc ; 13(3): e0004724, 2024 Mar 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38376338

RESUMEN

Two bacteriophages (phages) of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from sewage water collected from Dakar, Senegal. Phage vKpIN17 belongs to the Przondovirus genus within the Autographiviridae family, with double-stranded DNA genomes, whereas vKpIN18 belongs to the Webervirus genus of the Drexlerviridae family.

19.
Viruses ; 16(2)2024 02 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38400090

RESUMEN

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), the most widespread tick-borne viral human infection, poses a threat to global health. In this study, clinical samples collected through national surveillance systems were screened for acute CCHF virus (CCHFV) infection using RT-PCR and for exposure using ELISA. For any CCHF-positive sample, livestock and tick samples were also collected in the neighborhood of the confirmed case and tested using ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were also performed on samples with positive RT-PCR results. In Eastern Senegal, two human cases and one Hyalomma tick positive for CCHF were identified and a seroprevalence in livestock ranging from 9.33% to 45.26% was detected. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the human strain belonged to genotype I based on the available L segment. However, the tick strain showed a reassortant profile, with the L and M segments belonging to genotype I and the S segment belonging to genotype III. Our data also showed that our strains clustered with strains isolated in different countries, including Mauritania. Therefore, our findings confirmed the high genetic variability inside the CCHF genotypes and their introduction to Senegal from other countries. They also indicate an increasing CCHF threat in Senegal and emphasize the need to reinforce surveillance using a one-health approach.


Asunto(s)
Virus de la Fiebre Hemorrágica de Crimea-Congo , Fiebre Hemorrágica de Crimea , Garrapatas , Animales , Humanos , Virus de la Fiebre Hemorrágica de Crimea-Congo/genética , Fiebre Hemorrágica de Crimea/epidemiología , Filogenia , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Senegal/epidemiología , Ganado
20.
Viruses ; 16(7)2024 Jun 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39066182

RESUMEN

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging vector-borne zoonosis with a high public health and veterinary impact. In West Africa, many lineages were previously detected, but since 2020, lineage H from South Africa has been the main cause of the outbreaks. In this study, clinical samples collected through national surveillance were screened for RVF virus (RVFV) acute infection by RT-PCR and IgM ELISA tests. Sequencing, genome mapping and in vitro phenotypic characterization in mammal cells were performed on RT-PCR positive samples in comparison with other epidemic lineages (G and C). Four RVFV human cases were detected in Senegal and the sequence analyses revealed that the strains belonged to lineage H. The in vitro kinetics and genome mapping showed different replication efficiency profiles for the tested RVFV lineages and non-conservative mutations, which were more common to lineage G or specific to lineage H. Our findings showed the re-emergence of lineage H in Senegal in 2022, its high viral replication efficiency in vitro and support the findings that genetic diversity affects viral replication. This study gives new insights into the biological properties of lineage H and calls for deeper studies to better assess its potential to cause a future threat in Senegal.


Asunto(s)
Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Fiebre del Valle del Rift , Virus de la Fiebre del Valle del Rift , Replicación Viral , Virus de la Fiebre del Valle del Rift/genética , Virus de la Fiebre del Valle del Rift/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Fiebre del Valle del Rift/clasificación , Virus de la Fiebre del Valle del Rift/fisiología , Fiebre del Valle del Rift/virología , Fiebre del Valle del Rift/epidemiología , Fiebre del Valle del Rift/transmisión , Senegal/epidemiología , Humanos , Animales , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/virología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/veterinaria , Brotes de Enfermedades , África Occidental/epidemiología , Variación Genética , Mutación
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