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Hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) generally outperforms its inbred parents in yield and stress tolerance, a phenomenon termed heterosis, but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here, we combined transcriptome, proteome, physiological, and heterosis analyses to examine the salt response of super hybrid rice Chaoyou1000 (CY1000). In addition to surpassing the mean values for its two parents (mid-parent heterosis), CY1000 exhibited a higher reactive oxygen species scavenging ability than both its parents (over-parent heterosis or heterobeltiosis). Nonadditive expression and allele-specific gene expression assays showed that the glutathione S-transferase gene OsGSTU26 and the amino acid transporter gene OsAAT30 may have major roles in heterosis for salt tolerance, acting in an overdominant fashion in CY1000. Furthermore, we identified OsWRKY72 as a common transcription factor that binds and regulates OsGSTU26 and OsAAT30. The salt-sensitive phenotypes were associated with the OsWRKY72paternal genotype or the OsAAT30maternal genotype in core rice germplasm varieties. OsWRKY72paternal specifically repressed the expression of OsGSTU26 under salt stress, leading to salinity sensitivity, while OsWRKY72maternal specifically repressed OsAAT30, resulting in salinity tolerance. These results suggest that the OsWRKY72-OsAAT30/OsGSTU26 module may play an important role in heterosis for salt tolerance in an overdominant fashion in CY1000 hybrid rice, providing valuable clues to elucidate the mechanism of heterosis for salinity tolerance in hybrid rice.
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Vigor Híbrido , Oryza , Vigor Híbrido/genética , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Oryza/genética , Oryza/metabolismo , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , FenotipoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have confirmed that patients with ovarian cancer have a relatively high risk of suicidality. Early identification of psychological factors related to suicidal ideation in patients with ovarian cancer may provide effective information for suicide prevention strategies. This study aimed to investigate whether and how suicide resilience and meaning in life moderate the relationship between entrapment and suicidal ideation in patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional investigation was conducted in 505 Chinese patients with ovarian cancer. Patients completed a battery of self-reported questionnaires that included the General Information Questionnaire, and Chinese versions of the Entrapment Scale, Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Resilience Inventory-25, and Meaning in Life Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson' s chi-square, Pearson' s correlation, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: In this study, the prevalence of suicidal ideation reported by patients with ovarian cancer was 32.07%. Patients' suicidal ideation could be explained by the following three predictors: entrapment × suicide resilience × meaning in life (ß = -0.169, p < 0.001), entrapment × suicide resilience (ß = -0.148, p < 0.001), and entrapment × meaning in life (ß = -0.107, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ovarian cancer patients are prone to suicidal ideation when they feel a sense of entrapment. Enhancing patients' suicide resilience and meaning in life may be two targeted interventions to reduce suicidal ideation in ovarian cancer patients. In particular, considering both the protective effects of suicide resilience and meaning in life may yield better suicide prevention outcomes than considering only one of these factors.
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Neoplasias Ováricas , Suicidio , Humanos , Femenino , Ideación Suicida , Estudios Transversales , Suicidio/psicología , Prevención del Suicidio , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) is widely used to assess psychiatric distress but has not been verified in the Chinese population. From March to April 2019, 293 hospitalized cancer patients, aged 20-87, completed the cross-sectional survey with demographics questionnaire, BSI-18, and PHQ-9. We analyzed the single suicide-related item of PHQ-9 with the full score clinical outpoint for BSI-18 and PHQ-9 using SPSS 22.0 and R 2.15, including Pearson's χ2 test and ROC curve analyses. A Pearson's χ2 test was carried out to compare the three different methods with the gold screening criteria. The p-value was correspondingly to .006, .066, .838. When the PHQ-9 ≥ 10 criteria for the BSI-18, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that AUC values were 0.839, optimal cut-off points for both BSI-18 ≥ 50, the sensitivity of 85.8%, and 62.5%, respectively. The BSI-18 is suitable for a screening tool for psychological distress and could also be used in clinical settings for preliminary screening of hospitalized cancer patients.
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Supervivientes de Cáncer , Neoplasias , Adulto , China , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/psicología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ideación Suicida , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this cross-sectional survey was to investigate how family adaptability and cohesion, coping styles and depression affect suicide ideation in patients with malignant tumors. This study also aimed to examine the potential mechanisms of family adaptability and cohesion in suicidal ideation. METHODS: From January 2019 to May 2019, 357 patients with malignant tumors who were admitted to a Chinese general hospital were surveyed. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Chinese version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire were used. Student's t-test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rho correlation, and logistic regression analysis were used. Path analysis was used to examine the relationships among family adaptability and cohesion, coping styles, depression and suicidal ideation. RESULTS: A total of 55 (15.4%) cancer patients reported suicidal ideation in the prior 2 weeks. Logistic regression analysis showed that cancer stage, depression, family cohesion, and avoidance were independently associated with suicidal ideation. Path analysis demonstrated that family adaptability and cohesion indirectly affected suicidal ideation, as mediated by coping styles and depression. Family cohesion also directly affected suicidal ideation among cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that family adaptability, family cohesion and confrontation coping strategies are protective factors against suicidal ideation in cancer patients. Improving the family support system and coping styles may be used to prevent suicide ideation in cancer patients in the future. IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHOSOCIAL PROVIDERS OR POLICY: Enhancing the family adaptability and cohesion of patients will help medical staff improve family support function effectively and eliminate suicidal ideation.
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Adaptación Psicológica , Familia/psicología , Neoplasias/psicología , Neoplasias/terapia , Ideación Suicida , Adolescente , Adulto , China , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
An on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-biochemical detection (HPLC-BCD) method, in which compounds separated by HPLC were on-line reacted with enzyme and substrate solutions delivered by flow injection and the enzyme inhibition signal was collected by UV detection, was developed to rapidly screen α-glucosidase inhibitors from green tea extracts in this study. The chromatographic fingerprints and enzyme inhibition profiles of the different brands of green tea could be simultaneously detected by the on-line HPLC-BCD method. Enzyme inhibition profiles were detected by the UV detector at 415 nm based on the reaction of α-glucosidase and p-nitrophenyl α-d-glucopyranoside (PNPG). PNPG (1.25 mm), α-glucosidase (0.4 U/mL) and the flow rate 0.07 mL/min were applied as optimized parameters to detect α-glucosidase inhibitors in green tea. Four components in green tea showed α-glucosidase inhibition action and three of them were identified as HHDP-galloyl glucose, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate by HPLC-fourier-transform mass spectrometry (HPLC-FTMS). Two brands of green tea derived from Mengding and Enshi mountainous areas might be superior to the other samples in the prevention and treatment of diabetes owing to their stronger activities of enzyme inhibitors. The proposed on-line HPLC-BCD method could be used to rapidly identify the potential enzyme inhibitors in complex matrixes.
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On-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with three biochemical detection (BCD) methods was applied to evaluate bioactive components in Danshen injection. On-line HPLC-photo-diode array-fluorescence detection based on the fluorogenic substrate 7-acetoxy-1-methyl quinolinium iodide, was built to search acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors in Danshen injection. On-line HPLC coupled with the scavenging assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals was developed to screen antioxidants. The three active profiles were obviously different. Radical scavenging profiles revealed seven strong peaks in the chromatographic fingerprint possessing obvious free radical inhibition effects, while some minor peaks exhibited stronger AChE inhibition activities. The main radical scavengers and AChE inhibitors were identified by HPLC-MS. Several unknown ingredients showing strong AChE inhibition activities needed further identification except protocatechuic aldehydrate, salvianolic acid H or I and lithospermic acid. The on-line multiple on-line HPLC-BCD methods will provide powerful tools in the field of pharmacognosy for fast-track identification of interesting and/or novel bioactive compounds.
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Antioxidantes/química , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/instrumentación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Benzotiazoles/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Diseño de Equipo , Picratos/química , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Ácidos Sulfónicos/químicaRESUMEN
Transvaginal ultrasound-guided radiofrequency myolysis offers an alternative to surgery for symptomatic uterine myomas, with encouraging efficacy and safety, suggesting low complication rates. This case study describes the first reported intrauterine adhesion after transvaginal ultrasound-guided radiofrequency myolysis. Women who desire further pregnancy should be warned about the particular risk of intrauterine adhesion of radiofrequency myolysis.
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Técnicas de Ablación Endometrial/efectos adversos , Leiomioma/cirugía , Adherencias Tisulares/etiología , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Uterinas/cirugía , Adulto , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
The risk factors and precautions of inpatient suicide were explored. Thirty suicide victims were drawn from the adverse event reports of suicidal act during hospitalization in a general hospital from 2008 to 2014. Data were gathered from the focus group interviews of twelve nurses who had experienced inpatient suicide. The data were analyzed by using analytical technique based on grounded theory, and software QSR NVIVO8 was used to aid the collation of data. Three main themes of risk factors about inpatient suicide emerged from the analysis: individual value, social factors and environmental factors. The individual value was categorized into different groups such as sense of guilt, hopelessness and low self-esteem. Social factors included two aspects of negative life events and social support. Three themes of precautions about inpatient suicide appeared in this study: evaluation, nursing and information exchange. Evaluation was elaborated from both physical and psychological assessments. This finding extends existing work of risk factors and precautions about inpatient suicide and brings new knowledge about the reasons why inpatients commit suicide.
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Pacientes Internos , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Suicidio , Adulto , China , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Investigación Cualitativa , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to assess and compare the overall value of stand-alone FDG PET and PET/CT in diagnosing recurrent cervical cancer with a meta-analysis. METHODS: All the English published studies which addressed the use of PET whether interpreted with or without the use of CT for the diagnosis of recurrent cervical cancer were collected. Methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated, summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) curve analysis was used to compare the diagnostic ability of stand-alone PET and PET/CT. RESULT: A total of 18 studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 762 subjects. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of PET and PET/CT were 0.91 (95 % CI 0.87-0.94) and 0.94 (95 % CI 0.89-0.97), and 0.92 (95 % CI 0.91-0.94) and 0.84 (95 % CI 0.74-0.91), respectively. The areas under the SROC curve (AUCs) of PET and PET/CT were 0.9610 and 0.9491, respectively. There was no statistical significance between the AUC of PET and PET/CT (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both PET and PET/CT have good performance in the detection of recurrent cervical cancer. However, interpreted CT images may have limited additional value on PET in detecting recurrent cervical cancer.
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Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Imagen Multimodal , Curva ROC , Radiofármacos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
The methods of detecting numerous prohibited components are not included in the Technical Specifications for Cosmetic Safety (2015 Edition). Recently, owing to its high speed, sensitivity, and anti-interference properties, ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) became the preferred method of detecting banned substances in cosmetics. In this study, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for use in determining 87 prohibited ingredients in cosmetics, including 33 sex hormones, 20 anti-infective drugs, 15 antihistamines, 7 coumarins, 4 sedative-hypnotic drugs, 4 antipyretic and analgesic drugs, 2 allergenic fragrances, and 2 drugs with vasoconstriction effects. The main factors affecting the response, recovery, and sensitivity of the method, such as the type of extraction solvent, extraction time, ratio of the mobile phases, and MS conditions, were optimized during sample pretreatment and instrumental analysis. Accordingly, approximately 0.2 g of the toner or cream sample was dispersed in 2 mL acetonitrile in a 10 mL colorimetric tube. After diluting to 10 mL with 50% acetonitrile aqueous solution, the sample was ultrasonically extracted for 20 min and centrifuged, and the mixture was then filtered through a 0.22 µm membrane. Approximately 0.2 g of the oil sample was dispersed in 2 mL n-hexane in a 15 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube and extracted twice with 3 mL 70% acetonitrile aqueous solution. The extracts were transferred into a 10 mL colorimetric tube and diluted to 10 mL with 50% acetonitrile aqueous solution, and the mixture was then filtered through a 0.22 µm membrane. The samples were separated using a CORTECS C18 column (150 mm×2.1 mm, 2.7 µm), employing a gradient elution program with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phases. The flow rate, column temperature, and injection volume were respectively set at 0.3 mL/min, 40 â, and 2 µL. The 87 compounds were monitored in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with electrospray ionization (ESI) under positive and negative conditions. Matrix-matched external standard calibration was used for quantification, and the analysis was completed within 33 min. The prohibited compounds exhibited good linear relationships, with r values of >0.99, and the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) for the 87 compounds were 0.07-0.38 and 0.21-1.15 µg/g, respectively. Three types of cosmetic matrices were selected to verify the recovery and precision of the method at LOQ, 2 LOQ, and 10 LOQ levels. The average recoveries of the 87 prohibited compounds were in the range of 81.7%-115.4%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) were 0.4%-9.9%. The reliability of the developed method was demonstrated by applying it to 349 commercial cosmetics obtained from the market, and 8 positive samples were identified. The positive components included trimethoprim, terbinafine, naphazoline, 7-methoxycoumarin, and 7-methylcoumarin. The established method displays the advantages of simple operation and rapidness and a high sensitivity and good recovery. And, this method provides technical support for rapid risk screening and the revision of national standards for cosmetics.
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Cosméticos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía Liquida , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , AcetonitrilosRESUMEN
A simple and reliable HPLC-evaporative light scattering detection method was established for the determination of seven triterpenes in Rhizoma Alismatis, a commonly used herbal medicine. HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization-MS was applied to identify the triterpenes. The positive ion mode was used in MS detection, and the fragmentation patterns of the analytes were proposed. The quantitative method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9943) within the test ranges. This method showed good reproducibility with intraday and interday variations of less than 3.39 and 5.20%, respectively. The mean recoveries ranged from 96.06 to 103.5%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of the triterpenes in samples from four different habitats. The results indicated great variation of the contents of these components among the samples, and the developed assay could be considered as a suitable quality evaluation method for Rhizoma Alismatis.
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Alisma/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Tubérculos de la Planta/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Triterpenos/química , Estructura Molecular , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
QUESTION: The incidence of self-injurious behavior in adolescents and young adults is on the rise. Seeking care in the emergency department after self-injurious behavior is one way they signal for help. The purpose of this systematic evaluation was to synthesize the best available qualitative research evidence on young people's experiences of emergency department visits following self-harm behaviors and their need for emergency medical services. STUDY SELECTION AND ANALYSIS: Eleven databases were retrieved with predefined search terms from database construction to February 4, 2022. Literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality assessment. FINDINGS: Eleven studies yielded fifty-five findings that were summarized into eight categories and aggregated into three composite statements: (1) positive emergency department experience; (2) negative emergency department experience; and (3) desire for help. CONCLUSIONS: Young people with a history of self-injurious behavior have a mixed sense of experience in the emergency department. The sense of negative experience makes patients feel dissatisfied and disappointed with healthcare services, and positive experiences can help them seek further help. The emergency departments should improve the diagnosis and treatment model of self-injured adolescent patients to ensure that they receive effective and high-quality medical resources.
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Conducta Autodestructiva , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Investigación Cualitativa , HospitalesRESUMEN
Objective: Several studies reported that adverse reactions to treatment, neuroticism, marital relations, and quality of life may impact the development of depression in cervical cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, but the associations between them remained unclear. This study investigated the associations between these factors using moderated mediation models. Methods: Data were extracted from a survey involving cervical cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy at five tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province, China, from June to December 2022. The SPSS-PROCESS program was used to develop a moderated mediation model to study the roles of neuroticism, quality of life, and marital relations in the association between adverse reactions and depression in the study population. Results: A total of 802 cervical cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (54.84 ± 9.68 years) were recruited. The prevalence of depression among these patients was 72.72%, with four symptom clusters of dizziness-ringing in the ears, digestive system-related symptoms, skin dryness and itching, and urinary frequency-urgency-leakage. Adverse reactions directly and positively affected the occurrence of depression, neuroticism mediated the association between adverse reactions and depression, while this association varied according to the quality of life and marital relations. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that depression is common among cervical cancer patients receiving radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Intervention targets for depression in cervical cancer patients should be precisely selected and targeted according to the quality of life and marital relations differences in patients, taking into account the cost of the intervention and the benefit to the patient.
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BACKGROUND: A growing body of literature has shown a higher risk of suicide in cancer patients compared with the general population. Early detection of factors related to suicide resilience in cancer patients could prevent loss of life. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the serial-multiple mediation of self-care self-efficacy and meaning in life in the relationship between social support and suicide resilience among Chinese cancer patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional investigation of 287 cancer patients using a battery of self-reported questionnaires was performed. For preliminary analyses, descriptive, univariate, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed. Mediation analyses were tested using a serial-multiple mediation model (PROCESS model 6). RESULTS: Mediation analysis indicated the indirect effects of social support on suicide resilience mediated solely by either self-care self-efficacy (point estimate = 0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.30), or by meaning in life (point estimate = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.12), or by the multiple mediation of self-care self-efficacy to meaning in life (point estimate = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrated the crucial direct or indirect effects of social support, self-care self-efficacy, and meaning in life on facilitating cancer patients' suicide resilience. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Oncology nurses, as 24-hour care providers for cancer patients, may interact with and be important sources for the psychosocial care of cancer patients at risk of suicide. Prevention and intervention efforts must be directed at assisting cancer patients, improving self-care self-efficacy, and finding meaning in life after a cancer diagnosis.
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Tyrosinase plays a primary role in melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning of freshly cut fruits and vegetables. Herein, an on-line ultraperformance liquid chromatography diode array detector biochemical detection (UPLC-DAD-BCD) method was established to identify trace amount potent tyrosinase inhibitors and antibrowning agents in complex mixtures. The tyrosinase inhibition activities of some representative compounds were evaluated by using the established method and their chromatography-activity relationships were obtained. Then the proposed UPLC-DAD-BCD method was applied to screen tyrosinase inhibitors in edible herbal extracts and identified two tyrosinase inhibitors in green tea and three in cinnamon. The above active ingredients were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography linear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-FTMS). The on-line UPLC-DAD-BCD in combination with UHPLC-FTMS was confirmed to be a powerful technique to screen and elucidate the active ingredients in complex matrixes and could be applied to evaluate the integrated effects of multiple ingredients against corresponding targets.
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Monofenol Monooxigenasa , Plantas Comestibles , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
To evaluate the national prevalence depression of Chinese cancer patients and clarify its potential associated factors. Twelve databases were searched from database inception through October 31, 2022 for relevant studies published in English (PubMed MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Cochrane and Web of Science) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Weipu, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, Duxiu) that estimated point or period prevalence of depression, depressive disorder, or suicidal ideation as assessed by self-report scale or structured interview. 201 studies were eligible for inclusion in our meta-analyses. We found the national pooled prevalence rates of depression and suicidal ideation were 44.63 % (95 % CI 42.24 %-47.01 %) and 24.95 % (95 % CI 10.96 %-38.95 %), respectively. The pooled prevalence of depression was associated with study location, cancer type, comorbid chronic disease, and female sex (all P < 0.05). The distribution of the depression prevalence among cancer patients in mainland China was characterized by significant geographical variation and clustering. The highest pooled prevalence of depression was among gynecologic oncology patients. We recommend that more attention and resources be given to mental health problems such as depression and suicidal ideation among Chinese cancer patients, and that prevention programs be developed, especially in areas with a high prevalence of depression.
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Neoplasias , Ideación Suicida , Femenino , Humanos , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Neoplasias/epidemiología , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Plant components from extracts of Sophora flavescens, rhodiola, ginseng, Centella asiatica, and tea play important roles in skin whitening, moisturizing, anti-aging, sun protection, anti-inflammation, antiseptic, bacteriostatic, and other effects of cosmetics. At present, no relevant standard methods have been established to detect the addition amounts of plant extracts in cosmetics. In addition, plant extracts listed in product labels may be undetectable due to their addition in trace quantities and the lack of technical support. Therefore, a quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of 22 functional components in cosmetics was established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS). Target compounds were extracted with methanol from samples using ultrasonic extraction, and then separated on a C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) with gradient elution of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B). The gradient elution program were as follows: 0-5 min, 5%B-8%B; 5-25 min, 8%B-60%B; 25-35 min, 60%B-80%B; 35-36 min, 80%B-5%B; 36-45 min, 5%B. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and the injection volume was 5 µL. Accurate masses of precursor ions were used to detect cosmetic functional components in positive ionization mode. The fragment ions obtained by higher energy collisional dissociation were used for confirmation of the functional components. Each compound showed good linearity. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.003-2.01 mg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 0.02-4.36 mg/kg. Recoveries at three levels were 63.2%-125.1%, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.18%-10.9%. Fifty-four batches of samples labeled with four monomer functional components and nine plant extracts were tested. In the 17 batches of samples labeled with nicotinamide, 4 batches labeled with caffeine, and 6 batches labeled with Sophora flavescens root extract, the labeled functional components were detected. One out of 11 batches of samples labeled with D-panthenol was not detected. Three of the seven batches of samples labeled with ascorbyl glucoside were not detected. In the 21 batches of samples labeled with licorice extracts, the corresponding functional components were not detected in 9 batches. In the 21 batches of samples labeled with Centella asiatica extract, the corresponding functional components were not detected in 11 batches. In the 13 batches of samples labeled with tea extract, the corresponding functional components were not detected in 8 batches. In 11 of the 12 batches containing ginseng root extract, the corresponding functional components were not detected. In five of the six batches of astragalus membranaceus root extract samples, the corresponding functional components were not detected. In samples labeled with Polygonum cuspidatum root extract, Rehmannia glutinosa root extract, and Ophiopogon japonicus root extract, the corresponding functional components were detected. The method is simple, rapid, reliable, accurate, and suitable for the determination of the 22 functional components in cosmetics.
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Antiinfecciosos Locales , Cosméticos , Acetonitrilos/análisis , Antiinfecciosos Locales/análisis , Cafeína/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cosméticos/análisis , Glucósidos , Iones , Espectrometría de Masas , Metanol/análisis , Niacinamida/análisis , Extractos Vegetales , TéRESUMEN
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is a common treatment in the early stages of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Coptidis Rhizoma (CR), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), contains numerous isoquinoline alkaloids that substantially inhibit AChE played neuroprotective effects in the treatment of cognitive diseases. We established a method using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with AChE biochemical detection (UPLC-DAD-AChEBCD) to screen and identify AChE inhibitors (AChEIs), measure AChEIs content and activity, and evaluate the quality of CR derived from different plant species and growth year. The chromatographic fingerprint and AChEIs activity profiles of CR were simultaneously obtained by UPLC-DAD-AChEBCD, and six alkaloids including groenlandicine, coptisine, epiberberine, jatrorrhizine, berberine, and palmatine, were identified by UPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Data analysis based on AChEIs content and total activity of 12 batches of CR indicated differences among different species and growth year. Therefore, the online method could be used to rapidly identify AChEIs in complex matrixes and screen potential agents for neurodegenerative prevention and treatment, as well as provide information for the identification and quantitation of active markers directly associated with herbal medicine quality.
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Alcaloides , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Acetilcolinesterasa/química , Alcaloides/análisis , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Rizoma/químicaRESUMEN
We developed a new on-line method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with biochemical detection (UHPLC-BCD) to screen acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors in complex matrixes. Chromatography separation was performed using an Xtimate UHPLC C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) and a gradient elution with methanol-0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.08 mL/min. The BCD was based on a colorimetric method using Ellman's reagent, and the detection wavelength was at 405 nm. Galanthamine was used as a positive reference to validate the methodology. The detection and quantitation limits of the UHPLC-BCD method were 0.018 and 0.060 µg, respectively. A functional equation was generated in terms of the negative peak area (X) and galanthamine concentration (Y, µg/mL). The regression equation was Y = 0.0028X2 + 0.4574X + 50.7776, R2 = 0.9993. UHPLC-fourier-transform mass spectrometry detection results revealed that five alkaloids showed obvious AChE inhibitory activities including coptisin, epiberberine, jatrorrhizine, berberine and palmatine. The relative AChE inhibitory activities of jatrorrhizine, berberine and palmatine in the Coptidis Rhizoma sample were equal to that of 257.0, 2355 and 283.9 µg/mL of galanthamine, respectively. This work demonstrated that the UHPLC-BCD method was convenient and feasible, and could be widely used for the screening and activity evaluation of the bioactive components in the complex extracts.
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Alcaloides de Berberina , Berberina , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Acetilcolinesterasa , Berberina/análisis , Alcaloides de Berberina/análisis , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Galantamina , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto RendimientoRESUMEN
An on-line HPLC-diode array detection-flow injection chemiluminescence (HPLC-DAD-FICL) method was applied to estimate the difference of Puerariae lobatae and Puerariae thomsonii. Their chemical and active profiles could be obtained by HPLC-DAD-FICL in one run. Seventeen compounds in two species were tentatively identified by HPLC-electrospray ionization-MS (HPLC-ESI-MS) method. The main antioxidants were rapidly screened by active fingerprints coupled with MS data. Similarity and Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to distinguish different samples. The results suggested that the chemical fingerprints of 16 batches of samples were similar by similarity evaluation, while HCA could discriminate the two species. The active fingerprints of Puerariae lobatae and Puerariae thomsonii were significantly different. More antioxidants were found in Puerariae lobatae than in Puerariae thomsonii. Main antioxidants, including 3'-hydroxypuerarin, genistein 8-C-glycoside-xyloside, puerarin, 6â³-O-xylosylpuerarin, mirificin and daidzein in two species, may be reasonable markers for the discrimination of the two species. The integrated fingerprint based on the chemical and active characteristics may provide an objective quality evaluation for Puerariae lobatae and Puerariae thomsonii.