Gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by secondary aorto-duodenal fistula: a case report.

Aortic graft-enteric fistula is a life-threatening complication of aortic reconstruction surgery. It is a rare condition but its frequency is rising because of an increase of patients who underwent to aortic aneurysm repairs with prosthetic implants. We report a case of a 72 years-old man with a secondary aorto-duodenal fistula. The man presented haematochezia and mild normocytic anaemia; the patient had undergone an aortic-bifemoral bypass 8 years earlier because of subrenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. An urgent upper endoscopy showed the aortic graft crossing the third segment of the eroded duodenal wall with no signs of bleeding from the prosthesis. He underwent an emergent operation to repair the graft-enteric fistula, to have the partial removal of the graft, as well as an aneurysmectomy and implantation of new endoaortic graft. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged two weeks after the operation. He received a regular follow up. A secondary aorto-duodenal fistula is rarely diagnosed in an early phase as a herald haemorrhage. A precocious identification of this condition is thus essential to refer the patient to an urgent operation and to reduce the associated mortality.

[Comparison between torasemide and furosemide in the treatment of ascites in cirrhotic patients]. / Confronto tra torasemide e furosemide nella terapia dell'ascite in pazienti cirrotici.

Twenty patients with cirrhosis and ascites were randomly divided in two groups to receive 20 mg/die of the new-loop-diuretic torasemide (T), and 50 mg/die of furosemide (F). All patients also received 200 mg/die of potassium canrenoate. Natriuretic and diuretic effects and consequent loss of weight were significantly better in the torasemide-group (T-group). Otherwise, loss of potassium and sodium/potassium ratio in urine were not significantly higher for T-group. Ammonium lowered with T and remained unchanged with F, but the difference was not statistically significant. No change was observed in blood-pressure, pulse-frequency, electrolyte plasmatic levels, azotemia, creatininemia and serum albumin. A significant increase of diuresis was obtained from the fourth day of treatment onwards by replacing F with T in the F-group. The T-group maintained T for eight days just to evaluate its efficacy and tolerability in the middle term: diuresis kept efficient and no side-effects occurred. This trial showed that T was a good and handy drug for cirrhosis with ascites whether as an alternative to F, or as a sequential treatment.

[Intrahepatic cholestasis: clinical and nosological classification. Critical survey of personal experience]. / Colestasi intraepatica: inquadramento nosografico e clinico. Revisione critica di casistica personale.

We reviewed 20 patients (16 females and 4 males) with intrahepatic cholestasis and recognised the following miscellaneous disorders: 12 primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 3 primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), 1 immune cholangiopathy (IC), 3 liver sarcoidosis and 1 cholestasis with Horton's arteritis. The aim of the study was to identify potentially differetiating clinical and biochemical findings in intrahepatic cholestasis. Sixty females were affected with changes reflecting a cholestatic pattern including an elevated alkaline phosphatasis and gammaglutamyltransferase level. Pruritus was found in 50 percent of PBC patients; fever addressed often, in liver sarcoidosis and Horton's arteritis. A striking increase of unesterified cholesterol was a common feature of PBC. An elevated polyclonal serum IgM in PBC such as in PSC. A circulating IgM antimitochondrial antibody and antinuclear antibodies were found in 90 percent of PBC patients; isolated antinuclear antibodies were detected in immune colangiopathy patients (IC). Liver biopsy was necessary to establish the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis. Overlapping histopathologic features made diagnosis hard in cholestatic disorders, all but in liver sarcoidosis. Treatment with UDCA or TUDCA+/-colchicin, reduced cholestatic enzymes in 85 percent of PBC cohort, while it was unsuccessful in PSC-group. Steroid treatment was successful in sarcoidosis, Horton's arteritis and immune colangiopathy. Cy A did not improve clinical and biochemical features in PBC.

[The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). A report of a clinical case with a protracted and recurrent course. A review of the literature]. / Sindrome maligna da neurolettici (SMN). Descrizione di un caso clinico a decorso protratto e recidivante. Rassegna della letteratura.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), characterized by catatonic behavior, generalized muscular rigidity, hyperthermia and autonomic dysfunction, can suddenly arise in patients treated with neuroleptic agents and carries a high mortality rate even today. A case of NMS due to i.m. therapy with haloperidol decanoate is reported in this paper, characterized by sustained course and a severe relapse due to a different therapy with another neuroleptic agent. The patient however, after a prolonged remission from the relapse, was able to resume long term therapy with neuroleptic drugs. The importance of monitoring blood levels of CPK during the follow-up and the effectiveness of therapy with bromocriptine and dantrolene in confirmed. Although the patient presented a good clinical response, she developed permanent cerebral and muscular damage. A wide review of the literature on NMS is reported to throw light on this syndrome, whose recognition and prompt diagnosis are necessary to reduce mortality.

The natural history of ulcerative proctitis: a multicenter, retrospective study. Gruppo di Studio per le Malattie Infiammatorie Intestinali (GSMII).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and the long term evolution of patients with a well defined initial diagnosis of ulcerative proctitis. METHODS: Patients with an original diagnosis of ulcerative proctitis who had been seen at any of 13 institutions from 1989 to 1994 were identified. Data on disease onset and subsequent evolution were recorded. In addition, 575 patients with more extensive disease, treated in the same centers, were used as controls. RESULTS: A total of 341 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The percentage of smokers in these patients was slightly lower than in controls; no differences were found in the other clinical/demographic variables evaluated. A total of 273 patients entered long term follow-up (mean, 52 months). Proximal extension of the disease occurred in 74 of them (27.1%). The cumulative rate of proximal extension and of extension beyond the splenic flexure was 20% and 4% at 5 yr and 54% and 10% at 10 yr, respectively. The risk of proximal extension was higher in nonsmokers, in patients with >3 relapses/yr, and in patients needing systemic steroid or immunosuppressive treatment. Refractory disease was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor at multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal extension of ulcerative proctitis is frequent and may occur even late after the original diagnosis. However, the risk of extension beyond the splenic flexure appears to be quite low. Smoking seems to be a protective factor against proximal extension, whereas refractoriness is a risk factor for proximal extension of the disease.