RESUMEN
Vaccination is an effective health intervention for the prevention of infectious diseases. This study aims to evaluate the response provided by nurses toward the use of ready-to-use (RTU) formulations of hexavalent vaccines and measures to prevent errors during the vaccination process. This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study took place from March to May 2018. It included 201 interviews with nurses from health centers in Madrid (70), Murcia (59), and Andalusia (72), who had administered RTU vaccines in the last 12 months. Approximately 91.6% of nurses provided a positive feedback for the use of RTU vaccines. The most significant concerns experienced by nurses were during the preparation and administration of vaccines; 84.1% versus 18.9% of nurses felt that the risk of making mistakes was lower while using RTU vaccines compared with non-reconstituted (lyophilized) vaccines, and 74.1% versus 22.4% of nurses felt ease at preparing RTU vaccines compared with lyophilized vaccines. A total of 66.7% of nurses believed that there were risks associated with the preparation of lyophilized vaccines (administration risk [42.8%] and risk of needle injury [42.3%]). Risk percentages reduced to 4% and 9.5%, respectively, with the use of the RTU vaccines. Therefore, nurses adopted an average of seven steps to reduce the risk of errors. The average time saved during the administration of the vaccines was 1.1 min. In summary, nurses highlighted the need for administering vaccines using RTU formulations for ensuring the safety of the recipients, preventing errors, and saving time during the vaccination process.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Identificar las iniciativas más efectivas para potenciar la vacunación en personas ≥65 años en España.Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal a partir de una encuesta a socios de la Sociedad Española de Médicos de AtenciónPrimaria (n=371). Análisis descriptivo y multivariante de 21 potenciales estrategias de fomento de la vacunación.Resultados: Recomendar la vacunación (15,3%), medios de comunicación/redes sociales (11,5%) y captación activa (10,4%) sepercibieron como las medidas más eficaces. En el análisis multivariante, las de impacto positivo sobre la vacunación fueron:recomendaciones profesionales/institucionales (+23,8 puntos porcentuales, pp), detección oportunista (13,9 pp), recordatorioinformático de registro (10,6 pp), registro de personas no vacunadas (9,1 pp), facilitación de solicitud de citas (8,9 pp) e inclusiónde nuevas estrategias en la cartera de servicios (6,9 pp).Conclusiones: Las medidas más efectivas para este colectivo incluyen acciones a nivel macro, meso y micro para facilitar el accesoa la vacuna, explotando el potencial de las nuevas tecnologías.(AU)
Objective: To identify the most effective initiatives to promote vaccination in people aged ≥65 years in Spain.Methods: Cross-sectional observational study based on a survey of members of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians(n=371). Descriptive and multivariate analysis of 21 potential vaccination promotion strategies.Results: Recommending vaccination (15.3%), media/social networks (11.5%) and active recruitment (10.4%) were perceived asthe most effective measures. In multivariate analysis, those with a positive impact on vaccination were: professional/institutionalrecommendations (+23.8 percentage points, pp), opportunistic screening (13.9 pp), computerised registration reminder (10.6 pp), registration of unvaccinated persons (9.1 pp), facilitation of appointment request (8.9 pp) and inclusion of new strategies in theservice portfolio (6.9 pp).Conclusions: The most effective measures for this group include actions at macro, meso and micro levels to facilitate access to thevaccine, exploiting the potential of new technologies.(AU)