Outcomes following proton therapy for pediatric esthesioneuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric esthesioneuroblastoma (EN) can infiltrate skull base anatomy, presenting challenges due to high radiation doses and pediatric tissue sensitivity. This study reports outcomes of pediatric EN treated with proton radiotherapy (PT). PROCEDURE: Using an IRB-approved prospective outcomes registry, we evaluated patient, tumor, and treatment-related variables impacting disease control and toxicity in pediatric nonmetastatic EN treated with modern multimodality therapy, including PT. RESULTS: Fifteen consecutive patients (median age 16) comprising Kadish stage B (n = 2), C (n = 9), and D (n = 4) tumors were assessed, including six with intracranial involvement, four with cranial nerve deficits, and four with cervical lymphadenopathy. Before radiation, two had subtotal and 13 had gross total resections (endoscopic or craniofacial). Two underwent neck dissection. Eleven received chemotherapy before radiation (n = 5), concurrent with radiation (n = 4), or both (n = 2). Median total radiation dose (primary site) was 66 Gy/CGE for gross disease and 54 Gy/CGE (cobalt Gray equivalent) for microscopic disease. Median follow-up was 4.8 years. No patients were lost to follow-up. Five-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 86% (no local or regional recurrences). Two patients developed vertebral metastases and died. Two required a temporary feeding tube for oral mucositis/dysphagia. Late toxicities included symptomatic retinopathy, major reconstructive surgery, cataracts, chronic otitis media, chronic keratoconjunctivitis, hypothyroidism, and in-field basal cell skin cancer. CONCLUSIONS: A multimodality approach for pediatric EN results in excellent local control. Despite the moderate-dose PT, serious radiation toxicity was observed; further dose and target volume reductions may benefit select patients. Longer follow-up and comparative data from modern photon series are necessary to fully characterize any relative PT advantage.

Postoperative Radiotherapy for Cutaneous Melanoma in Patients at High Risk of Local-Regional Recurrence after Surgery Alone.

We evaluated outcomes in 131 patients with cutaneous melanoma (median follow-up, 3.6 years) considered at high risk of recurrence after surgery alone treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Eligible patients had one or more of the following: recurrence after surgery, positive lymph nodes, extracapsular extension, incomplete regional node dissection, microscopically positive margins, gross residual disease, or in-transit metastases. 102 patients received hypofractionated radiotherapy and 29 had conventional fractionation. 10-year outcomes were: in-field local-regional control, 87%; local regional control, 72%; distant metastasis-free survival, 48%; cause-specific survival, 44%; and overall survival, 31%. Three patients experienced acute toxicities while 6 experienced late toxicities.

Flap Reconstruction Results in Longer Overall Treatment Time in Patients Treated With Surgery and Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Larynx.

OBJECTIVE: There is an inverse relationship between cancer cure and overall treatment time (OTT) in patients treated with surgical resection and radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: OTT was evaluated based on the reconstruction procedure in 420 patients with oral cavity and larynx cancers treated with surgery and RT between 1991 and 2020. RESULTS: With OTT >85 days, the difference between no versus yes flap reconstruction was ~20 percentage points and significant for all comparisons: primary closure (+/- skin graft), 49%, vs. rotation or free flap, 71% ( P <0.0001); primary closure (+/- skin graft), 49%, versus free flap without bone, 66% ( P =0.0358); and primary closure (+/- skin graft), 49%, versus free flap with bone, 82% ( P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of flap reconstructions results in substantial increases in OTT. Findings suggest a need to reevaluate current policies regarding the choice of reconstruction and starting RT sooner after surgery.