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TRANSLATIONS: For the Chinese, French, German, and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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COVID-19 , Cambio Climático , Clima Extremo , Salud Global , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/tendencias , Política de Salud , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and climate change is an international, multidisciplinary research collaboration between academic institutions and practitioners across the world. It follows on from the work of the 2015 Lancet Commission, which concluded that the response to climate change could be "the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century". The Lancet Countdown aims to track the health impacts of climate hazards; health resilience and adaptation; health co-benefits of climate change mitigation; economics and finance; and political and broader engagement. These focus areas form the five thematic working groups of the Lancet Countdown and represent different aspects of the complex association between health and climate change. These thematic groups will provide indicators for a global overview of health and climate change; national case studies highlighting countries leading the way or going against the trend; and engagement with a range of stakeholders. The Lancet Countdown ultimately aims to report annually on a series of indicators across these five working groups. This paper outlines the potential indicators and indicator domains to be tracked by the collaboration, with suggestions on the methodologies and datasets available to achieve this end. The proposed indicator domains require further refinement, and mark the beginning of an ongoing consultation process-from November, 2016 to early 2017-to develop these domains, identify key areas not currently covered, and change indicators where necessary. This collaboration will actively seek to engage with existing monitoring processes, such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and WHO's climate and health country profiles. The indicators will also evolve over time through ongoing collaboration with experts and a range of stakeholders, and be dependent on the emergence of new evidence and knowledge. During the course of its work, the Lancet Countdown will adopt a collaborative and iterative process, which aims to complement existing initiatives, welcome engagement with new partners, and be open to developing new research projects on health and climate change.
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Cambio Climático , Salud Global , Política de Salud , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Biomarcadores Ambientales , HumanosAsunto(s)
Cambio Climático , Combustibles Fósiles , Humanos , Salud Global , Política de Salud , Informe de InvestigaciónAsunto(s)
Cambio Climático , Salud Global , Predicción , Salud Global/tendencias , Planificación en Salud , Humanos , Energía RenovableAsunto(s)
Salud Infantil , Cambio Climático , Salud Global , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Atención a la Salud/métodos , Calor Extremo/efectos adversos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Política de Salud , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Tiempo (Meteorología)Asunto(s)
Cambio Climático , Estado de Salud , Salud Pública/tendencias , Contaminación del Aire/prevención & control , Cambio Climático/economía , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Desastres , Electricidad , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Salud Global/tendencias , Empleos en Salud , Planificación en Salud/economía , Humanos , Rayos Infrarrojos , Cooperación Internacional , Desnutrición/etiología , Salud Materna , Medición de Riesgo/tendencias , TrabajoAsunto(s)
Cambio Climático , Salud Global , Política de Salud , Cambio Climático/economía , Conservación de los Recursos Energéticos , Contaminación Ambiental/prevención & control , Organización de la Financiación , Planificación en Salud/economía , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Política , Salud Pública , Energía Renovable , Informe de InvestigaciónAsunto(s)
Cambio Climático , Política de Salud , Salud , Política Ambiental , Salud Global , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Salud PúblicaRESUMEN
Finance is vital for the green energy transition, but access to low cost finance is uneven as the cost of capital differs substantially between regions. This study shows how modelled decarbonisation pathways for developing economies are disproportionately impacted by different weighted average cost of capital (WACC) assumptions. For example, representing regionally-specific WACC values indicates 35% lower green electricity production in Africa for a cost-optimal 2 °C pathway than when regional considerations are ignored. Moreover, policy interventions lowering WACC values for low-carbon and high-carbon technologies by 2050 would allow Africa to reach net-zero emissions approximately 10 years earlier than when the cost of capital reduction is not considered. A climate investment trap arises for developing economies when climate-related investments remain chronically insufficient. Current finance frameworks present barriers to these finance flows and radical changes are needed so that capital is more equitably distributed.
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Left unabated, climate change will have catastrophic effects on the health of present and future generations. Such effects are already seen in Europe, through more frequent and severe extreme weather events, alterations to water and food systems, and changes in the environmental suitability for infectious diseases. As one of the largest current and historical contributors to greenhouse gases and the largest provider of financing for climate change mitigation and adaptation, Europe's response is crucial, for both human health and the planet. To ensure that health and wellbeing are protected in this response it is essential to build the capacity to understand, monitor, and quantify health impacts of climate change and the health co-benefits of accelerated action. Responding to this need, the Lancet Countdown in Europe is established as a transdisciplinary research collaboration for monitoring progress on health and climate change in Europe. With the wealth of data and academic expertise available in Europe, the collaboration will develop region-specific indicators to address the main challenges and opportunities of Europe's response to climate change for health. The indicators produced by the collaboration will provide information to health and climate policy decision making, and will also contribute to the European Observatory on Climate and Health.
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Cambio Climático/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Pública/estadística & datos numéricos , Europa (Continente) , HumanosAsunto(s)
Antígenos de Protozoos/genética , Variación Genética , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , Proteínas Protozoarias/genética , Receptores de Superficie Celular/genética , Animales , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína/genéticaRESUMEN
Babesia bovis is an intraerythrocytic hemoparasite of widespread distribution, which adversely affects livestock production in many regions of the world. This parasite establishes persistent infections of long duration, at least in part through rapid antigenic variation of the VESA1 protein on the infected-erythrocyte surface. To understand the dynamics of in vivo antigenic variation among the parasite population it is necessary to have sensitive and broadly applicable tools enabling monitoring of variation events in parasite antigen genes. To address this need for B. bovis, "universal" primers for the polymerase chain reaction have been designed for the ves1alpha gene, spanning from exon 2 to near the 3' end of cysteine-lysine-rich domain (CKRD) sequences in exon 3. These primers robustly amplified this segment, with minimal bias, from essentially the entire repertoire of full-length ves1alpha sequences in the B. bovis Mexico isolate genome, and are equivalently present in other isolates. On purified genomic DNA, this primer set can achieve a sensitivity of 10 genome equivalents or less. When applied to the amplification of cDNA derived from the B. bovis C9.1 clonal line evidence consistent with mutually exclusive transcription of the ves1alpha gene was obtained, concomitant with detection of numerous mutational events among members of the parasite population. These characteristics of the primers will facilitate the application of polymerase chain reaction-based methodologies to the study of B. bovis population and antigenic switching dynamics.