RESUMEN
Accurate photovoltaic (PV) diagnosis is of paramount importance for reducing investment risk and increasing the bankability of the PV technology. The application of fault diagnostic solutions and troubleshooting on operating PV power plants is vital for ensuring optimal energy harvesting, increased power generation production and optimised field operation and maintenance (O&M) activities. This study aims to give an overview of the existing approaches for PV plant diagnosis, focusing on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based approaches, that can support PV plant diagnostics using imaging techniques and data-driven analytics. This review paper initially outlines the different degradation mechanisms, failure modes and patterns that PV systems are subjected and then reports the main diagnostic techniques. Furthermore, the essential equipment and sensor's requirements for diagnosing failures in monitored PV systems using UAV-based approaches are provided. Moreover, the study summarizes the operating conditions and the various failure types that can be detected by such diagnostic approaches. Finally, it provides recommendations and insights on how to develop a fully functional UAV-based diagnostic tool, capable of detecting and classifying accurately failure modes in PV systems, while also locating the exact position of faulty modules.
RESUMEN
El signo de Frank consiste en una hendidura diagonal que se inicia en el borde inferior del conducto auricular externo y se dirige con una angulación de 45º hacia el borde del lóbulo del pabellón auricular. Se ha descrito como marcador de enfermedad coronaria. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 58 años con clínica de larga evolución de dolor precordial y con factores de riesgo cardiovascular, diagnosticado de enfermedad severa de monovaso y en el que se aprecia signo de Frank bilateral (AU)
Frank's sign consists of a diagonal crease that starts at the lower border of the external auditory canal and leads to the edge of the ear auricle at a 45º angle. Described as an indicator of coronary disease The present is a case of a 58 year old man with a long clinical development of chest pain and cardiovascular risk factors, diagnosed with severe damage of a coronary singlevessel and in which we appreciate bilateral Frank's sign (AU)