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Introduction: Ideas of reference (IR) are frequent in psychopathology, mainly in psychotic disorders. The frequency of IR and preoccupation about them are related to the psychotic dimension, and to a lesser extent, to negative or emotional disorganized dimensions. Aberrant salience (AS), has been proposed as an indicator of the onset of psychosis, particularly of schizophrenia. This study analyzed the mediating role of AS, disorganized symptoms and preoccupation about IR in the relationship between IR and the psychotic dimension. Method: The sample consisted of 330 participants (116 university students and 214 clinically active patients), 62.4% of whom were women aged 18-79. The Referential Thinking Scale, the Aberrant Salience Inventory, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were administered. Results: Evidence of a partial mediation model showed that the relationships between IR and the psychotic dimension were mediated jointly by AS and the disorganized dimension, and preoccupation about IR no longer had a role. This relationship was significantly influenced by participant age. The variables in the model explained 54.16% of the variance. Conclusion: The model proposed enabled a set of vulnerabilities (unusual thought content) to be predicted that could lead to a high-risk general pathological state and proneness to psychosis in particular. These findings are discussed with regard to early detection and prevention of psychosis.
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Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between the accumulation of situations involving interpersonal violence (IV) and psychotic-like experiences. This study explored whether IV is related to aberrant salience (AS), using a sequential mediation model that included memories of relationship with parents (submission, devaluation, and threat; Early Life Experiences Scale (ELES)), ideas of reference (IR), and dissociative symptoms (absorption and depersonalization), and whether the patient/nonpatient condition moderated this effect. The sample was made of 401 participants (including 43 patients with psychotic disorders) aged 18 to 71 years (Mage = 30.43; SD = 11.19). Analysis of a serial multiple mediator model revealed that IR, ELES, absorption, and depersonalization fully mediated the effect of IV on AS, explaining 39% of the variance, regardless of the patient/nonpatient condition. The indirect paths, which place IR and dissociation (especially absorption, the variable to which the IR and ELES lead) in a primordial position for being related to AS, are discussed. This continuum model could be useful for understanding processes related to the onset of psychosis unmoderated by the patient/nonpatient condition.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Psicóticos , Violencia , Adulto , Anciano , Trastornos Disociativos/epidemiología , Humanos , Memoria , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Psicóticos/epidemiología , Envío de Mensajes de Texto , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Aberrant salience (AS), related to classical delusional mood and self-disturbances, may be one of the keys to early detection of psychosis, before abnormal assignment of significance. As adolescence is a critical period in development of the self and there are few instruments for evaluating AS, validation of the Aberrant Salient Inventory (ASI) is proposed for use in the general adolescent population. METHODS: A sample of 4,523 participants, 53.6% women, from 11 to 18 years of age (M = 14.31, SD = 1.66), from 29 schools in Western Andalusia (Spain) were evaluated collectively. RESULTS: Good fit was found in the answers, and the original five-factor structure of the inventory was replicated. Reliability (ordinal alpha) was adequate both for the total (.95) and for the factors (.74. to .85). Invariance across sex, adequate indicators of concurrent (ideas of reference) and divergent (negative symptoms) validity, and sensitivity of .88 were found. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the ASI for use in the general adolescent population, and show that 7% of the sample could be at risk of beginning psychosis.
Asunto(s)
Deluciones/diagnóstico , Autoevaluación Diagnóstica , Trastornos del Humor/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Lenguaje , Masculino , Instituciones Académicas , AutoinformeRESUMEN
Background: Aberrant salience (AS), related to classical delusional mood and self-disturbances, may be one of the keys to early detection of psychosis, before abnormal assignment of significance. As adolescence is a critical period in development of the self and there are few instruments for evaluating AS, validation of the Aberrant Salient Inventory (ASI) is proposed for use in the general adolescent population. Methods: A sample of 4,523 participants, 53.6% women, from 11 to 18 years of age (M = 14.31, SD = 1.66), from 29 schools in Western Andalusia (Spain) were evaluated collectively. Results: Good fit was found in the answers, and the original five-factor structure of the inventory was replicated. Reliability (ordinal alpha) was adequate both for the total (.95) and for the factors (.74. to .85). Invariance across sex, adequate indicators of concurrent (ideas of reference) and divergent (negative symptoms) validity, and sensitivity of .88 were found. Conclusions: The results suggest the ASI for use in the general adolescent population, and show that 7% of the sample could be at risk of beginning psychosis
Antecedentes: la Saliencia Aberrante (SA), relacionada con el estado de ánimo delirante clásico y las perturbaciones de self, puede ser una de las claves para la detección temprana de la psicosis, antes de la asignación anormal de significados. Como la adolescencia es un período crítico en el desarrollo del yo y los instrumentos para evaluar la SA son pocos, se propone la validación del Inventario de Saliencia Aberrante (ASI) para su uso en población general adolescente. Método: participaron 4.523 sujetos, 53,6% mujeres, de 11 a 18 años de edad (M = 14.31, SD = 1.66) de 29 centros escolares de Andalucía Occidental (España). Resultados: se encontró un buen ajuste en las respuestas y se replicó la estructura original de cinco factores del inventario. La fiabilidad (alfa ordinal) fue adecuada tanto para el total (.95) como para los factores (de .74. a .85). Se halló invarianza a través del sexo, indicadores adecuados de validez concurrente (ideas de referencia) y divergente (síntomas negativos), y sensibilidad de .88. Conclusiones: se sugiere el interés del ASI para su uso en población general adolescente, y se muestra que el 7% de los participantes podrían estar en riesgo de psicosis