RESUMEN
Mycoplasma hyorhinis impacts swine health and production in many countries, either as a primary pathogen or as a component of a polymicrobial infection. Isolates of this species are also common contaminants of tissue culture lines. The genome sequence of the cell culture isolate M. hyorhinis GDL-1 is presented herein.
Asunto(s)
Genoma Bacteriano , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/veterinaria , Mycoplasma hyorhinis/genética , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/microbiología , Filogenia , PorcinosRESUMEN
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony biotype (SC) is the high-consequence animal pathogen causing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. We report the complete genome sequences of the pathogenic strain M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC Gladysdale and a close phylogenetic relative, Mycoplasma leachii PG50(T), another bovine pathogen of the M. mycoides phylogenetic clade.
Asunto(s)
ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Mycoplasma mycoides/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mycoplasma mycoides/aislamiento & purificación , Pleuroneumonía Contagiosa/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Mycoplasma putrefaciens is a causative agent of contagious agalactia in goats. Reported herein is the complete genome sequence of the M. putrefaciens type strain KS1.
Asunto(s)
ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Mycoplasma/genética , Animales , Enfermedades de las Cabras/microbiología , Cabras , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mycoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
This complete and fully assembled genome sequence of Mycoplasma bovis type strain PG45 is the first available for this species and offers a framework for comparison with additional pathogenic isolates. The single circular chromosome of 1,003,404 bp reveals multiple gene sets and mechanisms involved in variable expression of surface antigens and the incursion of numerous and assorted mobile elements, despite its reduced size.
Asunto(s)
Mycoplasma bovis/genética , Animales , Bovinos , Genoma Bacteriano , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intragenic tandem repeats occur throughout all domains of life and impart functional and structural variability to diverse translation products. Repeat proteins confer distinctive surface phenotypes to many unicellular organisms, including those with minimal genomes such as the wall-less bacterial monoderms, Mollicutes. One such repeat pattern in this clade is distributed in a manner suggesting its exchange by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Expanding genome sequence databases reveal the pattern in a widening range of bacteria, and recently among eucaryotic microbes. We examined the genomic flux and consequences of the motif by determining its distribution, predicted structural features and association with membrane-targeted proteins. RESULTS: Using a refined hidden Markov model, we document a 25-residue protein sequence motif tandemly arrayed in variable-number repeats in ORFs lacking assigned functions. It appears sporadically in unicellular microbes from disparate bacterial and eucaryotic clades, representing diverse lifestyles and ecological niches that include host parasitic, marine and extreme environments. Tracts of the repeats predict a malleable configuration of recurring domains, with conserved hydrophobic residues forming an amphipathic secondary structure in which hydrophilic residues endow extensive sequence variation. Many ORFs with these domains also have membrane-targeting sequences that predict assorted topologies; others may comprise reservoirs of sequence variants. We demonstrate expressed variants among surface lipoproteins that distinguish closely related animal pathogens belonging to a subgroup of the Mollicutes. DNA sequences encoding the tandem domains display dyad symmetry. Moreover, in some taxa the domains occur in ORFs selectively associated with mobile elements. These features, a punctate phylogenetic distribution, and different patterns of dispersal in genomes of related taxa, suggest that the repeat may be disseminated by HGT and intra-genomic shuffling. CONCLUSIONS: We describe novel features of PARCELs (Palindromic Amphipathic Repeat Coding ELements), a set of widely distributed repeat protein domains and coding sequences that were likely acquired through HGT by diverse unicellular microbes, further mobilized and diversified within genomes, and co-opted for expression in the membrane proteome of some taxa. Disseminated by multiple gene-centric vehicles, ORFs harboring these elements enhance accessory gene pools as part of the "mobilome" connecting genomes of various clades, in taxa sharing common niches.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Eucariontes/genética , Transferencia de Gen Horizontal , Secuencias Invertidas Repetidas/genética , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/genética , Secuencias de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Secuencia de Bases , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/química , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Metagenoma/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Parásitos/genética , Fenotipo , Filogenia , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem/genéticaRESUMEN
Presented here is the first completely assembled genome sequence of Kocuria palustris, an actinobacterial species with broad ecological distribution. The single, circular chromosome of K. palustris MU14/1 comprises 2,854,447 bp, has a G+C content of 70.5%, and contains a deduced gene set of 2,521 coding sequences.
RESUMEN
Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capricolum is both a pathogen of small ruminants and a model recipient organism for gene transplantation and synthetic biology. With the availability of the complete genome of the type strain California kid (released in 2005), a draft genome of strain GM508D was determined to investigate genomic variation in this subspecies. Differences in mobile genetic element location and complement, catabolic pathway genes, contingency loci, surface antigen genes and type II restriction-modification systems highlight the plasticity and diversity within this taxon.
Asunto(s)
Variación Antigénica , Orden Génico , Genes Bacterianos , Variación Genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Secuencias Repetitivas Esparcidas , Mycoplasma capricolum/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Presented here is the complete and annotated genome sequence of Mycoplasma hominis Sprott (ATCC 33131). The chromosome comprises 695,214 bp, which is approximately 30 kb larger than the syntenic genome of M. hominis PG21(T). Tetracycline resistance of strain Sprott is most probably conferred by the tetM determinant, harbored on a mosaic transposon-like structure.
RESUMEN
The complete genome sequence of Mycoplasma hominis LBD-4 has been determined and the gene content ascribed. The 715,165-bp chromosome contains 620 genes, including 14 carried by a strain-variable prophage genome related to Mycoplasma fermentans MFV-1 and Mycoplasma arthritidis MAV-1. Comparative analysis with the genome of M. hominis PG21(T) reveals distinctive arrangements of repeat-containing surface proteins.
RESUMEN
Mycoplasma yeatsii is a goat mycoplasma species that, although an obligate parasite, accommodates this lifestyle as an inapparent commensalist. High-frequency transformation has also been reported for this species. The complete 895,051-bp genome sequence of strain GM274B has been determined, enabling an analysis of the features of this potential cloning host.
RESUMEN
Mycoplasma flocculare is a commensal or low-virulence pathogen of swine. The complete 778,866-bp genome sequence of M. flocculare strain Ms42(T) has been determined, enabling further comparison to genomes of the closely related pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. The absence of the p97 and glpD genes may contribute to the attenuated virulence of M. flocculare.
RESUMEN
The draft genome sequence of a novel Mycoplasma strain, designated Mycoplasma sp. HU2014, has been determined. The genome comprises 1,084,927 nucleotides and was obtained from a mycoplasma-infected culture of chicken DT40 cells. Phylogenetic analysis places this taxon in a group comprising the closely related species Mycoplasma yeatsii and Mycoplasma cottewii.
RESUMEN
Staphylococcus hyicus is the primary etiological agent of exudative epidermitis in swine. Analysis of the complete genome sequence of the type strain revealed a locus encoding a type VII secretion system and a large chromosomal island harboring the genes encoding exfoliative toxin ExhA and an EDIN toxin homolog.
RESUMEN
To continue our studies on the cutaneous expression of a proopiomelanocortin/corticotropin-releasing hormone system, we investigated whether this is accompanied by adrenal-type enzymatic activity. Immortalized cultured human keratinocytes were incubated with radiolabeled corticosteroids. Analysis by thin-layer chromatography showed rapid transformation of both progesterone and deoxycorticosterone; one of the progesterone metabolites migrated at the same rate as deoxycorticosterone. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry further identified as major species of deoxycorticosterone metabolites 3beta,6alpha,21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one, 3alpha,6alpha,21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one, and 3alpha5alpha- and 3beta5alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone. Minor metabolites were 3alpha,21-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20- one (3alphaDelta5-21-OHpregnenolone), 3beta,21-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one (3betaDelta5-21-OHpregnenolone), 3alpha,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-20-one (3alphaDelta4-21-OHpregnenolone), 6-hydroxy-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone, and two 5-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone species. Thus, in addition to sex steroids keratinocytes also actively metabolize corticosteroids along similar enzymatic pathways. The surprising detection of 3alphaDelta5-21-OHpregnenolone and 3 betaDelta5-21-OHpregnenolone, indicating Delta4-ketosteroids to Delta5-hydroxysteroids conversion, provides strong evidence for the occurrence, at least in human keratinocytes, of isomerase activity that allows the reaction to proceed in reverse of its usual direction. As skin expresses 3alpha/beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta5-Delta4 isomerases, cutaneous reactions catalyzed by these enzymes must be reversible. In conclusion, besides elements of the corticotropin-releasing hormone/proopiomelanocortin system human keratinocytes show high levels of corticosteroid metabolizing activity. Moreover, the wide array of steroid products generated from a single substrate indicates serial progressive conversion involving 5alpha-reductase, 6alpha-hydroxylase, 3alpha/beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and reverse Delta4minus signDelta5 isomerase enzymes. As distinct from the adrenal cortex, production of A, B, Aldo, 18OHdeoxycorticosterone, or F in keratinocytes was absent or below limits of detectability.
Asunto(s)
Desoxicorticosterona/metabolismo , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Línea Celular Transformada , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Humanos , Progesterona/metabolismoRESUMEN
Bovine ocular infections compromise animal health and result in significant economic losses. Mycoplasma bovoculi is an etiological agent of conjunctivitis. Presented here is the 760,240-bp complete genome sequence of the M. bovoculi type strain M165/69(T). An analysis of the deduced proteome provides insights into the adherence and antigenic variation mechanisms of the strain.
RESUMEN
Mycoplasma californicum is one of several mycoplasmal species associated with bovine mastitis. The complete genome sequence of 793,841 bp has been determined and annotated for the M. californicum ST-6 type strain, providing a resource for the identification of surface antigens and putative pathoadaptive features.
RESUMEN
The assembled and annotated genome of Actinobacillus suis ATCC 33415(T) is reported here. The 2,501,598-bp genome encodes 2,246 open reading frames (ORFs) with strain variable incursion of an integrative conjugative element into a tRNA locus. Comparative analysis of the deduced gene set should inform our understanding of pathogenesis, genomic plasticity, and serotype variation.
RESUMEN
Moraxella bovoculi is a recently identified species, recovered from the bovine eye, which is under investigation as an etiological agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. A draft genome sequence of the Moraxella bovoculi type strain 237(T) has been determined to identify features that may be important during host colonization.
RESUMEN
Fusobacterium necrophorum is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that causes foot rot and liver abscesses in cattle. F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and the less virulent organism F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme are recognized. We present here a draft genome sequence of the bovine liver abscess isolate F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme strain B35, which affords a genomic perspective of virulence and bovine adaptation.