RESUMEN
The paraspinal compartment acts as a bone-muscle composite beam of the spine. The elastic properties of the paraspinal muscles play a critical role in spine stabilization. These properties depend on the subjects' posture, and they may be drastically altered by low back pain. Supersonic shear wave elastography can be used to provide quantitative stiffness maps (elastograms), which characterize the elastic properties of the probed tissue. The aim of this study was to challenge shear wave elastography sensitivity to postural stiffness changes in healthy paraspinal muscles. The stiffness of the main paraspinal muscles (longissimus, iliocostalis, multifidus) was measured by shear wave elastography at the lumbosacral level (L3 and S1) for six static postures performed by volunteers. Passive postures (rest, passive flexion, passive extension) were performed in a first shear wave elastography session, and active postures (upright, bending forward, bending backward) with rest posture for reference were performed in a second session. Measurements were repeated three times for each posture. Sixteen healthy young adults were enrolled in the study. Non-parametric paired tests, multiple analyses of covariance, and intra-class correlations were implemented for analysis. Shear wave elastography showed good to excellent reliability, except in the multifidus at S1, during bending forward, and in the multifidus at L3, during bending backward. Yet, during bending forward, only poor quality was recorded for nine volunteers in the longissimus. Significant intra- and inter-muscular changes were observed with posture. Stiffness significantly increased for the upright position and bending forward with respect to the reference values recorded in passive postures. In conclusion, shear wave elastography allows reliable assessment of the stiffness of the paraspinal muscles except in the multifidus at S1 and longissimus, during bending forward, and in the multifidus at L3, during bending backward. It reveals a different biomechanical behaviour for the multifidus, the longissimus, and the iliocostalis.
Asunto(s)
Diagnóstico por Imagen de Elasticidad/métodos , Elasticidad/fisiología , Músculos Paraespinales/fisiología , Postura/fisiología , Adulto , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The lumbar paraspinal muscle compartment (PMC) is a stabilizing system of the spine whose efficiency depends on its elastic properties, which may be quantifiable by supersonic shear wave elastography (SWE). The thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) encapsulates the lumbar paraspinal muscles (LPM) and creates a PMC. Tensioning of the TLF via the stretching of the latissimus dorsi is supposed to increase stiffness within the PMC. The aims of this study were (1) to test the reliability of SWE in the multifidus and the erector spinae (ES) in prone and sited position; (2) to investigate the role of the tensioning of the pTLF, via stretching of the latissimus dorsi (LD), on LPM stiffness. Stiffness of ES and multifidus was measured using SWE at L3-L4 in procubitus and seated position in 15 participants. Stretching of LD was performed with arm elevation. Parametric paired tests, multiple analyses of variance, and intraclass correlation were used for statistical analysis. Reliability estimates were fair to excellent. Reliability was greater in ES than the multifidus, greater in seated position than during rest. Stiffness was greater in the ES than in multifidus, and in seated position than at rest. Tensioning of the TLF via LD stretching did not generate significant LPM stiffness changes. SWE is a reliable tool for assessing stiffness in the LPM. Reliability of SWE protocols is improved during seated position. Tensioning of the TLF via LD stretching did not influence LPM stiffness. Clin. Anat. 32:73-80, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asunto(s)
Músculos Paraespinales/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Diagnóstico por Imagen de Elasticidad , Fascia/fisiología , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , Músculos Paraespinales/fisiología , Músculos Superficiales de la Espalda/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
WADA has banned dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) but its ergogenic effect in female athletes has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether short-term DHEA intake would improve performance during a supramaximal field exercise in healthy young recreationally trained women. Its impact on body composition, metabolic responses was also measured. Eleven young female volunteers completed four running-based anaerobic sprint tests: just before and after treatment with either oral placebo or DHEA (100 mg/day/28days), following a double-blind and randomized protocol. Bioelectrical impedance assessed body composition. At rest and after passive recovery, blood samples were collected for lactate measurement and saliva samples for DHEA, testosterone and cortisol analysis. There was no significant difference in body composition or performance parameters after DHEA administration, despite a tendency toward increased peak power and decreased fat mass. However, DHEA treatment induced a very marked increase in saliva DHEA and testosterone concentrations (p<0.001), with no change in cortisol or lactate levels. In conclusion, short-term DHEA administration did not improve performance or have an anabolic effect in young female recreationally trained athletes, despite the increase in androgenic hormones. Further studies are needed to determine whether a higher daily dose would generate an ergogenic effect during anaerobic exercise.
Asunto(s)
Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Deshidroepiandrosterona/administración & dosificación , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Sustancias para Mejorar el Rendimiento/administración & dosificación , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Cruzados , Deshidroepiandrosterona/metabolismo , Método Doble Ciego , Esquema de Medicación , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Sustancias para Mejorar el Rendimiento/metabolismo , Saliva/metabolismo , Testosterona/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Back pain is associated with increased lumbar paraspinal muscle (LPM) stiffness identified by manual palpation and strain elastography. Recently, magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has allowed the stiffness of muscle to be characterized noninvasively in vivo, providing quantitative 3D stiffness maps (elastograms). The aim of this study was to characterize the stiffness (shear modulus, SM) of the LPM (multifidus and erector spinae) using MRE. MRE of the lumbar region was performed on seven adults in supine position. MRE was acquired in three muscular states: relaxed with outstretched legs, stretched with passive pelvis flexion, and contracted with outstretched legs and tightened trunk muscles. The mean SM was measured within a region of interest manually defined in the multifidus, erector spinae, and the entire paraspinal compartment. The intermuscular difference and the effects of stretching and contraction were assessed by ANOVA and t-tests. At rest, the mean SM of the paraspinal compartment was 1.6 ± 0.2 kPa. It increased significantly with stretching to 1.65 ± 0.3 kPa, and with contraction to 2.0 ± 0.7 kPa. Irrespective of muscular state, the erector spinae was significantly stiffer than the multifidus. The multifidus underwent proportionally higher stiffness changes from rest to contraction and stretching. MRE can be used to measure the stiffness of the LPM in different muscular states. We hypothesize that, irrespective of posture, the erector spinae behaves as semi-rigid beam, and ensures permanent stiffness of the spine. The multifidus behaves as an adaptable muscle that provides segmental flexibility to the spine and tunes the spine stiffness. Clin. Anat. 31:514-520, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asunto(s)
Músculos de la Espalda/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico por Imagen de Elasticidad , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Región Lumbosacra , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) and the erector spinae aponeurosis (ESA) play significant roles in the biomechanics of the spine and could be a source of low back pain. Attachment, collagen fiber direction, size and biomechanical properties of the TLF have been well documented. However, questions remain about the attachment of the TLF and ESA in relation to adjoining tissues in the lumbosacral region. Moreover, quantitative data in relation to the ESA have rarely been examined. The aim of this study was to further investigate the anatomical features of the TLF and ESA and to determine the attachments and sliding areas of the paraspinal compartment through dissection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 10 fresh cadavers (6 females, 4 males, mean age: 77 ± 10 years), we determined (1) the gross anatomy of the ESA and the TLF (attachments and sliding areas) and (2) the structure of the ESA and the TLF (thickness, width, orientation of collagen fibers). The pennation angle between the axis of the ES muscle fibers and the axis of the collagen fibers of the ESA were also measured. RESULTS: The TLF is an irregular dense connective tissue with a mean thickness of 0.95 mm. The distance between the spinous processes line and the site where the neurovascular bundles pierced the TLF, depending on the vertebral level, ranged from 29 mm at L1 to 75 mm at L3. The ESA constituted a band of regular longitudinally oriented connective fibers (mean thickness: 1.85 mm). Muscles fibers of the ES were strongly diagonally attached to the ESA (mean pennation angle 8° for the iliocostalis and 14° for the longissimus). To a lesser extent, the superficial multifidi were attached to the ESA at the lumbar level close to the midline and at the sacral level. CONCLUSION: The ESA, at twice the thickness of the pTLF, was the thickest dense connective tissue of the paraspinal compartment. The ESA and the TLF circumscribed subcompartments and sliding areas between the TFL and the lumbar paraspinal muscles, between the ES and the multifidus, and between the longissimus and the iliocostalis.
Asunto(s)
Aponeurosis/anatomía & histología , Fascia/anatomía & histología , Región Lumbosacra/anatomía & histología , Músculos Paraespinales/anatomía & histología , Anciano , Aponeurosis/fisiología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos/fisiología , Cadáver , Fascia/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/fisiopatología , Región Lumbosacra/fisiología , Masculino , Músculos Paraespinales/fisiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The function of the hip labrum during hip motion remains poorly known. Our hypothesis was that acetabular labrum will deform and change its shape during adduction to abduction movement consecutively to variation of strains passing from the acetabulum to the femoral head. An ex vivo anatomical study was conducted to analyse the morphological parameters variation of the mid-portion of the labrum (length, thickness, shape, deformation) as well as femoro-labral strains during hip adduction to abduction movement. METHODS: Ten fresh-frozen, unpaired human cadaver hemi-pelvises were obtained. To best approximate the clinical reality, fresh-frozen cadaver tissues were utilized. The hemi-pelvises were split sagittally in two equal parts through a plane crossing the femoral neck and femoral head centres. The hemi-pelvises were rigidly mounted on a test platform using a custom-made fixture, and a seven hundred Newton load was applied through the iliac wing, with a unidirectional movement (adduction/abduction) of the acetabulum above the fixed femur. Variations of strain passing from the labrum to the femoral head or neck were analysed using captors fixed on the acetabular edge. RESULTS: From 20° to 40° of abduction labral length decreased from a median of 5.8 (5.5-6.4 mm) to 4.6 (4-5.4 mm), labral edge angle increased from a median of 33.1 (31.1°-40°) to 52.3 (41.4°-58.8°), labral sectional area decreased from a median of 22.1 (17-27.1 mm2) to 14.2 (12-16.8 mm2) all p = 0.001. Femoro-labral strains were maximal at 40° of abduction [median 0.1 N mm-2 (0.1-3.1 N mm-2)] and minimal at 30° adduction (median 0 N mm-2 (0-0.1 N mm-2) and p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The morphological variations of the mid-portion of the labrum during hip motion reflect strains passing from the labrum to the femoral head. Those elements may provide clues to understand the mechanical role of the labrum during abduction. The acetabular labrum bears a direct mechanical role during hip motion, thus resecting the hip's labrum during surgery might be detrimental for hip joint's biomechanics as it might modify strains distribution between the acetabulum and femur.
Asunto(s)
Acetábulo/anatomía & histología , Acetábulo/fisiología , Cartílago Articular/anatomía & histología , Cartílago Articular/fisiología , Articulación de la Cadera/anatomía & histología , Articulación de la Cadera/fisiología , Anciano , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Cadáver , Femenino , Cabeza Femoral/fisiología , Cuello Femoral/fisiología , Articulación de la Cadera/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Movimiento , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Estrés MecánicoRESUMEN
HYPOTHESIS AND BACKGROUND: The role of degeneration is not well understood for rotator cuff pain. If age-related degenerative changes would be the cause of symptoms, degeneration would precede or concur with self-reported pain. We performed 3 systematic literature reviews. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence estimates for rotator cuff partial or complete tears (1) in cadavers and (2) in the general population and (3) to estimate the incidence/prevalence of self-reported nontraumatic shoulder pain in the general population in order to compare their respective age-related profiles. METHODS: We searched PubMed and ScienceDirect, including 2015, for cadaveric studies and transverse and longitudinal studies of the general population reporting the incidence/prevalence of rotator cuff disorders or nontraumatic shoulder pain, or both, according to age. The review process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results were interpreted visually. RESULTS: We found 6 cadaveric studies, 2 studies from the general population reporting complete tears, and 10 articles on nontraumatic shoulder pain in the general population that met our criteria. The profiles of degeneration vs. pain were very similar in early years. Although degenerative rotators cuff lesions increased gradually after 50 years, the incidence/prevalence of nontraumatic shoulder pain decreased after 65 years. CONCLUSION: The profile of age-related degenerative rotator cuff disorders fails to correlate systematically with self-reported nontraumatic shoulder pain, particularly in older age; thus, it appears that degeneration should not be considered the primary source of the pain. Physical activity may play an important role in the production of the pain, a theory that warrants further study.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores/epidemiología , Dolor de Hombro/epidemiología , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , AutoinformeRESUMEN
Low back pain is often associated with tensional changes in the paraspinal muscles detected by palpatory procedures. Shear wave elastography (SWE), recently introduced, allows the stiffness of muscles to be assessed noninvasively. The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of using SWE on the three main lumbar back muscles (multifidus, longissimus, and iliocostalis) in vivo after analyzing their muscular architecture ex vivo. We determined the orientation of fibers in the multifidus, longissimus, and iliocotalis muscles in seven fresh cadavers using gross anatomy and B-Mode ultrasound imaging. We then quantified the stiffness of these three muscles at the L3 level ex vivo and in 16 healthy young adults. Little pennation was observed in the longissimus and iliocostalis, in which the direction of fibers was almost parallel to the line of spinous processes. The multifidus appeared as a multiceps and multipennate muscle. Given the random layering of millimetric fascicles, tendons, and fatty spaces, the multifidus had multiple fiber orientations. Muscular fascicles and fibers were oriented from 9° to 22° to the line of spinous processes. The shear moduli related to stiffness were 6.9 ± 2.7 kPa for the longissimus, 4.9 ± 1.4 kPa for the iliocostalis, and 5.4 ± 1.6 kPa for the multifidus. SWE is a feasible method for quantifying the stiffness of the lumbar back muscles. Clin. Anat. 30:774-780, 2017. © 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asunto(s)
Diagnóstico por Imagen de Elasticidad/métodos , Región Lumbosacra/anatomía & histología , Región Lumbosacra/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculos Paraespinales/anatomía & histología , Músculos Paraespinales/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Cadáver , Disección , Módulo de Elasticidad , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Genomic studies in chronic myeloid malignancies, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and MPN/MDS, have identified common mutations in genes encoding signaling, epigenetic, transcription, and splicing factors. In the present study, we interrogated the clonal architecture by mutation-specific discrimination analysis of single-cell-derived colonies in 28 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemias (CMML), the most frequent MPN/MDS. This analysis reveals a linear acquisition of the studied mutations with limited branching through loss of heterozygosity. Serial analysis of untreated and treated samples demonstrates a dynamic architecture on which most current therapeutic approaches have limited effects. The main disease characteristics are early clonal dominance, arising at the CD34(+)/CD38(-) stage of hematopoiesis, and granulomonocytic differentiation skewing of multipotent and common myeloid progenitors. Comparison of clonal expansions of TET2 mutations in MDS, MPN, and CMML, together with functional invalidation of TET2 in sorted progenitors, suggests a causative link between early clonal dominance and skewed granulomonocytic differentiation. Altogether, early clonal dominance may distinguish CMML from other chronic myeloid neoplasms with similar gene mutations.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Clonal/genética , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Crónica/genética , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Crónica/patología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Evolución Clonal/inmunología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Hematopoyesis/genética , Hematopoyesis/inmunología , Humanos , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Crónica/inmunología , Pérdida de Heterocigocidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación/fisiología , Tasa de Mutación , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Alterations of the scapular kinematics in different pathologic conditions have been widely studied. However, results have shown considerable discrepancies concerning the direction and the amplitude of scapular movement. The lack of consistency in the literature probably has several explanations. The purpose of this study was to analyze scapular orientation with the arm at rest and with 90° lateral elevation in healthy and pathologic subjects by use of stereoradiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All participants (n = 65) underwent a clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder to assess rotator cuff status. Participants were separated into 3 groups: healthy, rotator cuff tear (RCT), and RCT and subacromial impingement syndrome (RCT+ SIS). A 3-dimensional model of the scapula was fitted to each low-dose stereoradiograph acquired with the arm at rest and 90° arm elevation. RESULTS: Orientation of the scapula with the arm at rest was not significantly different between groups. During lateral elevation, scapular orientation was not significantly different between the healthy group and the RCT group. However, upward rotation was significantly reduced in the RCT + SIS group. CONCLUSION: Alterations of scapular kinematics in symptomatic subjects are multifactorial. We observed a link between clinically assessed subacromial impingement and scapular orientation during lateral elevation of the arm.
Asunto(s)
Imagenología Tridimensional , Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores , Escápula/diagnóstico por imagen , Síndrome de Abducción Dolorosa del Hombro/fisiopatología , Brazo/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Movimiento/fisiología , Radiografía , Descanso/fisiología , Manguito de los Rotadores/diagnóstico por imagen , Manguito de los Rotadores/fisiopatología , Escápula/fisiopatología , Síndrome de Abducción Dolorosa del Hombro/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
A robust and reproducible scapular coordinate system is necessary to study scapulothoracic kinematics. The coordinate system recommended by the ISB (International Society of Biomechanics) is difficult to apply in studies using medical imaging, which mostly use a glenoid-centered coordinate system. The aim of this study was to assess the robustness of a glenoid-centered coordinate system compared with the ISB coordinate system, and to study the reproducibility of this coordinate system measure during abduction. A Monte-Carlo analysis was performed to test the robustness of the two coordinate systems. This method enabled the variability of the orientation of the coordinate system to be assessed in a laboratory setting. A reproducibility study of the glenoid-centered coordinate system in the thorax reference frame was performed during abduction in the scapular plane using a low-dose stereoradiography system. We showed that the glenoid-centered coordinate system was slightly more robust than the ISB-recommended coordinate system. Most reproducible rotation was upward/downward rotation (x axis) and most reproducible translation was along the Y axis (superior-inferior translation). In conclusion, the glenoid-centered coordinate system can be used with confidence for scapular kinematics analysis. The uncertainty of the measures derived from our technique is acceptable compared with that reported in the literature. Functional quantitative analysis of the scapulothoracic joint is possible with this method.
Asunto(s)
Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por Computador , Articulación del Hombro/fisiología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Femenino , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método de Montecarlo , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Escápula/fisiologíaRESUMEN
In humans, the hip joint occupies a central place in the locomotor system, as it plays an important role in body support and the transmission of the forces between the trunk and lower limbs. The study of the three-dimensional biomechanics of this joint has important implications for documenting the morphological changes associated with the acquisition of a habitual bipedal gait in humans. Functional integration at any joint has important implications in joint stability and performance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional integration at the human hip joint. Both the level of concordance between the three-dimensional axes of the acetabulum and the femoral neck in a bipedal posture, and patterns of covariation between these two axes were analysed. First, inter-individual variations were quantified and significant differences in the three-dimensional orientations of both the acetabulum and the femoral neck were detected. On a sample of 57 individuals, significant patterns of covariation were identified, however, the level of concordance between the axes of both the acetabulum and the femoral neck in a bipedal posture was lower than could be expected for a key joint such as the hip. Patterns of covariation were explored regarding the complex three-dimensional biomechanics of the full pelvic-femoral complex. Finally, we suggest that the lower degree of concordance observed at the human hip joint in a bipedal posture might be partly due to the phylogenetic history of the human species.
Asunto(s)
Acetábulo/anatomía & histología , Cuello Femoral/anatomía & histología , Articulación de la Cadera/anatomía & histología , Acetábulo/fisiología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Femenino , Cuello Femoral/fisiología , Marcha , Articulación de la Cadera/fisiología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A recent review on the natural course of low back pain (LBP) in the general population indicated that the LBP reporting pattern is fairly constant over time. Furthermore, the LBP status at baseline (yes/no) seems to be predictive of the future course. When fluctuations occur, they seem most common between the nearest categories. However, in the majority of articles, non-responders were not taken into account in the analyses or interpretation of data, meaning that estimates may have been biased. Further, all reviewed studies included study participants of many different age groups. Data from three cross-sectional surveys over 8 years of the same cohort made it possible to answer the following questions: 1) Would the prevalence estimates of LBP be stable over time? 2) How would results change when taking into account non-responders? 3) Is the LBP reporting over the three survey periods stable at an individual level, taking into account also the non-responding group? METHODS: Data from three subsequent cross-sectional surveys of a study sample were available and questions about LBP were asked at baseline and also 4 and 8 years later. Study participants were 40/41 years at base-line and initially randomly selected from the general Danish population. Data were analyzed with STATA/IC 12, and presented with percentages and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The majority of participants reported to have had LBP in the preceding year but not having taken sick leave in relation to this pain. LBP was stable or relatively stable for the study participants as they progressed through their fifth decade. This was true on a population basis and also on an individual level. When non-responders were taken into account the results did not change. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the results from our recent review; both presence and absence of LBP seem to be predictive for the future course. The percentage of non-responders in this type of study may not be as important as previously thought in relation to the presence/absence of LBP.
Asunto(s)
Dolor de la Región Lumbar/epidemiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Estudios Transversales , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Femenino , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud , Humanos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Prevalencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Understanding the three-dimensional orientation of the coxo-femoral joint remains a challenge as an accurate three-dimensional orientation ensure an efficient bipedal gait and posture. The quantification of the orientation of the acetabulum can be performed using the three-dimensional axis perpendicular to the plane that passes along the edge of the acetabular rim. However, the acetabular rim is not regular as an important indentation in the anterior rim was observed. An innovative cadaver study of the labrum was developed to shed light on the proper quantification of the three-dimensional orientation of the acetabulum. Dissections on 17 non-embalmed corpses were performed. Our results suggest that the acetabular rim is better represented by an anterior plane and a posterior plane rather than a single plane along the entire rim as it is currently assumed. The development of the socket from the Y-shaped cartilage was suggested to explain the different orientations in these anterior and posterior planes. The labrum forms a plane that takes an orientation in between the anterior and posterior parts of the acetabular rim, filling up inequalities of the bony rim. The vectors V(L) , V(A2) and V(P) , representing the three-dimensional orientation of the labrum, the anterior rim and the posterior rim, are situated in a unique plane that appears biomechanically dependent. The three-dimensional orientation of the acetabulum is a fundamental parameter to understand the hip joint mechanism. Important applications for hip surgery and rehabilitation, as well as for physical anthropology, were discussed.
Asunto(s)
Acetábulo/anatomía & histología , Articulación de la Cadera/anatomía & histología , Cadáver , Cartílago Articular/anatomía & histología , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
A common problem in the quantification of the orientation of the femoral neck is the difficulty to determine its true axis; however, this axis is typically estimated visually only. Moreover, the orientation of the femoral neck is commonly analysed using angles that are dependent on anatomical planes of reference and only quantify the orientation in two dimensions. The purpose of this study is to establish a method to determine the three-dimensional orientation of the femoral neck using a three-dimensional model. An accurate determination of the femoral neck axis requires a reconsideration of the complex architecture of the proximal femur. The morphology of the femoral neck results from both the medial and arcuate trabecular systems, and the asymmetry of the cortical bone. Given these considerations, two alternative models, in addition to the cylindrical one frequently assumed, were tested. The surface geometry of the femoral neck was subsequently used to fit one cylinder, two cylinders and successive cross-sectional ellipses. The model based on successive ellipses provided a significantly smaller average deviation than the two other models (P < 0.001) and reduced the observer-induced measurement error. Comparisons with traditional measurements and analyses on a sample of 91 femora were also performed to assess the validity of the model based on successive ellipses. This study provides a semi-automatic and accurate method for the determination of the functional three-dimensional femoral neck orientation avoiding the use of a reference plane. This innovative method has important implications for future studies that aim to document and understand the change in the orientation of the femoral neck associated with the acquisition of a bipedal gait in humans. Moreover, the precise determination of the three-dimensional orientation has implications in current research involved in developing clinical applications in diagnosis, hip surgery and rehabilitation.
Asunto(s)
Cuello Femoral/anatomía & histología , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Modelos Estadísticos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Anatómicos , Análisis de Regresión , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In traditional as well as in geometric morphometric studies, the shape of the pelvis is often quantified after the reassembly of the two hip bones and the sacrum. However, on dry bones, the morphology of the cartilaginous tissues that form the two sacroiliac joints and the pubic symphysis before death remains unknown, leading to potential inaccuracies and errors during the reassembly process. A protocol was established to investigate the effects of reassembly on the quantification of pelvis shape. The shape of fresh pelves obtained after dissection, in which the three bones are in an anatomically relevant position, was compared with the shape of different reassemblies based on the individual dry bones of the same individuals. Our results demonstrated a significant effect of the reassembly. Variation in the reassembly process is likely related, first, to the complete absence of cartilaginous tissues on dry bones and, second, to the morphology of the sacroiliac joint which, in vivo, allows physiological movements, resulting in different potential positions of the two sacroiliac surfaces relative to one another. However, the artificial variation introduced by the reassembly process appears small compared with the biological variation between the different individuals.
Asunto(s)
Antropología Física/métodos , Huesos Pélvicos/anatomía & histología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis de Varianza , Antropometría , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pelvis/anatomía & histología , Pelvis/fisiología , Análisis de Componente Principal , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Accurate knowledge of the scapular anatomy is fundamental for the preoperative evaluation but some bony landmarks are difficult to identify. Statistical approaches based on subject-specific parametric models could be used to overcome this difficulty. The aim of this study was to propose a quantitative parametric model of the scapula and to analyze correlations between descriptive morphologic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three scapulae were scanned and reconstructed. Each 3D scapula was regionalized and a simple geometric element was best fitted on each region using least square method. Descriptive parameters of each region were obtained. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed between all measurements in order to assess parameters that can be used as predictors of the other descriptive parameters. RESULTS: Morphometric scapular measurements from 3D reconstructions were obtained. Correlation and linear regression analyses assessed correlations between the glenoid width and both the glenoid height and the acromial width. Also, we obtained correlation between the orientation of the inferior part of the acromion on the A-P view and on the axillary view. DISCUSSION: Parametric models are widely used in biomechanics for identifying anatomical landmarks or rotations centers of these structures. For the scapula, no such model is available. We elaborated a first parametric model of scapula based on a large database of 43 scapulae. Our morphometric measurements are very close to others founded in literature. Correlations obtained should help to progress toward relevant subject-specific models of the scapula based on reduced information.
Asunto(s)
Imagenología Tridimensional , Escápula/anatomía & histología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Cadáver , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Modelos Estadísticos , Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por Computador , Escápula/diagnóstico por imagen , Hombro/anatomía & histología , Hombro/diagnóstico por imagen , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The clinical follow-up of patients for degeneration of the supraspinatus tendon is limited by the lack of objective assessment of pain evolution over time. We therefore tested a new method to collect follow-up data on patients treated either by surgical cuff repair or rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES: We report the feasibility this method in terms of recruitment of clinicians and patients and their compliance. METHODS: In this multicenter longitudinal observational study, between September 2015 and March 2019, patients consulting either for surgical repair or rehabilitation were examined at baseline and after twelve months by their clinician, including the Mini-DASH questionnaire. Fortnightlys, during one year, patients were asked about number of days their shoulder problem affected their daily life, number of nights woken up from shoulder pain, and present pain score, using text-messages for sending and responding to questions. A system administrator supervised responses and non-compliant subjects were contacted and assisted with the procedure. The CONSORT statement for pilot studies was followed. RESULTS: Four of 11 invited clinicians accepted participation and collected data till the end. Of the 410 patients we originally planned for, 252 were included in the study, but complete data for the clinicians' follow-up at 12 months were missing for 30. Of the 222 subjects with SMS data files, 190 (85%) provided at least 80% of their fortnightly messages. All three SMS messages were answered equally often. In total, 160 study subjects answered at least 80% of times and had clinical data at twelve months, i.e. 39% of the intended study sample and 72% of the 222 subjects with SMS data. CONCLUSION: The most important difficulty of this study was the enrolment and compliance of clinicians. The collection of SMS data was less successful than in previous studies, but French people accepted well this new method which is much easier and specific than collecting data through clinical records. The quality of the SMS data was acceptable. However, because of the limited number of complete datasets, only a limited number of questions from the original study protocol can be answered.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores/fisiopatología , Manguito de los Rotadores/fisiopatología , Envío de Mensajes de Texto , Estudios de Factibilidad , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Proyectos Piloto , Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores/cirugía , Dolor de Hombro/fisiopatología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
RESUMEN
Background: The autonomic nervous system interacts with the pain system. Knowledge on the effects of high velocity low amplitude spinal manipulations (SM) on autonomic activity and experimentally induced pain is limited. In particular, the effects of SM on autonomic activity and pain beyond the immediate post intervention period as well as the relationship between these two outcomes are understudied. Thus, new research is needed to provide further insight on this issue. Objectives: The aim was to assess the effect of a single SM (i.e. SM vs. sham) on cardiovascular autonomic activity. Also, we assessed the relationship between cardiovascular autonomic activity and level of pain threshold after the interventions. Method: We conducted a randomized, cross-over, sham-controlled trial on healthy first-year chiropractic students comprising two experimental sessions separated by 48 h. During each session, subjects received, in a random order, either a thoracic SM or a sham manipulation. Cardiovascular autonomic activity was assessed using heart rate and systolic blood pressure variabilities. Pain sensitivity was assessed using pressure pain threshold. Measurements were performed at baseline and repeated three times (every 12 min) during the post intervention period. Participants and outcome assessors were blinded. The effect of the SM was tested with linear mixed models. The relationship between autonomic outcomes and pressure pain threshold was tested with bivariate correlations. Results: Fifty-one participants were included, forty-one were finally analyzed. We found no statistically significant difference between SM and sham in cardiovascular autonomic activity post intervention. Similarly, we found no post-intervention relationship between cardiovascular autonomic activity and pressure pain threshold. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a single SM of the thoracic spine has no specific effect on cardiovascular autonomic activity. Also, we found no relationship between cardiovascular autonomic activity and pressure pain threshold after the SM. Further experimental research should consider the use of several markers of autonomic activity and a more comprehensive pain assessment. Trial registration: N° NCT03273868. Registered September 6, 2017.
Contexte: Le système nerveux autonome interagit avec le système de la douleur. Les connaissances concernant les effets des manipulations vertébrales (MV) de haute vélocité et de faible amplitude sur l'activité autonome et la douleur induite expérimentalement sont limitées. En particulier, les effets des MV sur l'activité autonome et la douleur au-delà de la période située immédiatement après l'intervention sont sous-étudiés, tout comme la relation entre ces deux variables. De nouvelles études sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre cette problématique. Objectifs: Le premier objectif était d'évaluer l'effet d'une MV (i.e. MV vs placébo) sur l'activité autonome cardiovasculaire. Le second objectif était d'évaluer la relation entre l'activité autonome cardiovasculaire et le seuil de douleur après les interventions. Méthode: Nous avons réalisé un essai randomisé, croisé, contrôlé par un placébo sur des sujets jeunes et en bonne santé (étudiants en première année de chiropraxie). L'étude comprenait deux sessions expérimentales séparées par 48 h. Les sujets recevaient durant chaque session, soit une MV thoracique, soit une manipulation placébo. L'activité autonome cardiovasculaire était évaluée en utilisant la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque et la variabilité de la pression artérielle systolique. La sensibilité à la douleur était évaluée en utilisant le seuil de douleur à la pression. Les mesures étaient réalisées avant l'intervention et répétées trois fois après celle-ci (toutes les 12 min). Les participants et les collecteurs de données étaient en aveugle. L'effet de la MV était testé en utilisant des modèles linéaires mixtes. Nous avons testé la relation entre les variables autonomes et le seuil de douleur à la pression en utilisant des corrélations bivariées. Résultats: Cinquante-et-un sujets ont été inclus et quarante-et-un ont finalement été analysés. Nous n'avons pas trouvé de différence statistiquement significative entre la MV et le placébo en ce qui concerne l'activité autonome cardiovasculaire après l'intervention. Nous n'avons pas trouvé de relation post-intervention entre l'activité autonome cardiovasculaire et le seuil de douleur à la pression. Conclusion: Nos résultats suggèrent qu'une MV thoracique n'a pas d'effet spécifique sur l'activité autonome cardiovasculaire et qu'il n'y a pas de relation entre l'activité autonome et le seuil de douleur à la pression après la MV. On devrait considérer l'utilisation de plusieurs marqueurs de l'activité autonome ainsi qu'une évaluation plus complète de la douleur dans les recherches expérimentales futures.