RESUMEN
In marine animals, glycine betaine is one of the main osmolytes accumulated under osmotic stress conditions; nevertheless, in penaeids, shrimps little is known about the pathways involved in glycine betaine biosynthesis. In animal cells, glycine betaine is synthesized by the enzyme betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). We herein investigated the salinity effect on the synthesis and concentration of glycine betaine on white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimps were subjected to 10, 20, 35, 40, 50, and 60â¯ppt salinity conditions for seven days. BADH activity increased in hepatopancreas and gills of shrimps subjected to salinities above 35â¯ppt salinity. In muscle, the BADH activity decreased at 35â¯ppt salinity. In hepatopancreas from shrimps subjected to 50 and 60â¯ppt salinities, BADH activity increased 1.1 and 1.7-fold. At 60â¯ppt salinity, BADH activity increased 1.5-fold respect to 35â¯ppt in gills. Glycine betaine concentration increased in hepatopancreas, gills, muscle, and hemolymph in shrimps subjected to salinities above 35â¯ppt. Glycine betaine concentration also increased at 20â¯ppt salinity, while at 10â¯ppt, not detected significant differences. The catch of glycine betaine from hemolymph by the cell likely is carried out to avoid protein denaturalization. Ammonia concentration in the aquarium's water only increased at salinities of 20â¯ppt and 10â¯ppt (1.1-fold relative to 35â¯ppt). Our data demonstrated that in L. vannamei, salinity regulates BADH activity and glycine betaine content in a tissue-specific manner.
Asunto(s)
Betaína Aldehído Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Betaína/metabolismo , Osmorregulación , Presión Osmótica , Penaeidae/metabolismo , Salinidad , Animales , Hemolinfa/metabolismo , Hepatopáncreas/metabolismo , Penaeidae/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The high-quality draft genomes of two Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, one that causes the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in cultured shrimps (FIM-S1708(+)), and another that does not (FIM-S1392(-)) are reported. A chromosome-scale assembly for the FIM-S1392(-) genome is reported here. The analysis of the two genomes gives some clues regarding the genomic differences between the strains.