Full genome sequence of a novel potexvirus from Euonymus bungeanus Maxim based on RNA-Seq analysis.

In July 2018, a yellow mottle leaf disease was observed on the leaves of Euonymus bungeanus Maxim plants in Liaoning Province of China. Typical flexuous filaments (diameter, 13 nm; length, ca. 500 nm) were observed in extracts on the symptomatic leaves. Transcriptome sequencing indicated the presence of a potexvirus in the infected samples. The complete viral genome, determined to be 6,784 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(A) tail, contains five open reading frames and is most closely related to that of euonymus yellow vein associated virus (EuYVAV, MF078061) (41.0%). Based on the coat protein gene, this virus shares the highest sequence similarity with cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV, EF125179), with 43.9% nucleotide and 38.8% amino acid sequence identity, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus clustered with potexviruses and is most closely related to EuYVaV. This virus is a distinct member of the genus Potexvirus, for which the name "euonymus yellow mottle associated virus" (EuYMaV) is proposed.

[Develop the rural ecology in the New Era]. / 发展新时代的乡村生态学.

Rural ecology is a comprehensive field of study that takes the rural social-ecological-economic systems as the objective object and emphasizes spatial carrier governance. The development of rural ecology in the New Era embodies and implements comprehensively the core concepts of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Cha-racteristics for a New Era, including harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, rural revitalization, green development, and the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized nation. Under the goal of Chinese-style modernization, rural ecology exhibits characteristics distinct from the past, such as the integration of research objects, the intersectionality of basic theories, the computational feature of technical methods, and the orientation of exporting outcomes. To provide disciplinary support for modernization-oriented science to meet the new demands of country's rural development, effectively narrating the story of sustainable rural development in China and providing fundamental guarantees for the safety of rural systems, a number of issues such as paradigm innovation in research, improvement of data quality, and integration of comprehensive technologies, should be fully considered.

Therapeutic effects of extract of Albizia chinensis(Osbeck)Merr. on rats with acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer and anti-inflammatory mechanism / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the anti-ulcer effects of Albizia chinensis(Osbeck)Merr. extract on rats with acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer and explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism. Methods Wistar male rats(n=50)were randomized in-to five groups:control,model,famotidine,Albizia chinensis extract 100 and 200 mg/kg groups. In the experiment,30%acetic acid was used to induce chronic gastric ulcer in rats. The anti-ulcer effects of A. chinensis extract were evaluated by measuring the changes in general behavior of rats,gastric tissue morphology and the ulcer area after 12 d treatments. Wistar male rats(n=48)were random-ized into three groups:control,model and A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)groups. At 3 d after operation,the animals were sacrificed and stomachs were rapidly removed and processed for subsequent assays. The contents of TNF-αand IL-6 were evaluated by ELISA. The activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)was tested by o-dianisidine method. Furthermore Western blot was used to examine the phos-phorylation of P38 and JNK. Results Compared with the model group,the gastric ulcer areas of rats were reduced by 38.4%(P<0.05)and the activity of MPO declined by 37.3%(P<0.01)in A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)group. Meanwhile the contents of TNF-αand IL-6 in A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)group respectively decreased by 43.8%(P<0.01)and 32.7%(P<0.01)com-pared with the model group. A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)obviously suppresed the phosphorylation of P38(P<0.01),but phos-phorylation of JNK and expression of P38 and JNK remained nearly unaltered. Conclusion A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)exhibits a protective effect on acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer,which might be relevant to anti-inflammation by inhibiting the p38 sig-naling pathway but not JNK signaling pathway. A. chinensis extract(200 mg/kg)has no effect on JNK signaling pathway.

Effect and possible mechanism of Albizia chinensis extract on gastric ulcer in rats / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the gastric protective effect of Albizia chinensis extract on acute gastric ulcer model in rats and its mechanism related to H+,K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells. Methods Rats were injected intraperitoneally with indo?metacin or kept under water immersion-restraint stress(WRS)to establish acute gastric ulcer model. Test samples were orally given 30 min before induction of gastric ulcer,and the gastric ulcer index and inhibitory rate were used to evaluate the effect of A. chinensis extract. Gastric mucosa pathological tissues in rats were observed by HE staining,the enzymatic activity of proton pump on isolated gastric parietal cells was measured,and the translocation of gastric proton pump was observed by immunofluorescence cell staining. Results The A. chinensis extract inhibited the gastric ulcer with the inhibition rate of 70.0%and 75.4%at 300 mg/kg in the WRS and indomethacin-induced rat model,respectively. The extract could also inhibit the enzymatic activity of gastric proton pump with the in?hibition rate of 21.5%,29.4%,44.1%,51.9%,57.7%and 62.9%(P<0.01)at 15,30,60,120 and 480 mg/L,respectively. The half-effective dosage(ID50)of the extract was determined to be 130 mg/L. The extract showed no significant effect on the translocation of gastric proton pump. Conclusion The A. chinensis extract(300 mg/kg,ig)could significantly prevent the formation of gastric ul?cer in rats via inhibiting the enzymatic activity of gastric proton pump.