Characteristic of KPC-12, a KPC Variant Conferring Resistance to Ceftazidime-Avibactam in the Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11-KL47 Clone Background.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections are a great threat to public health worldwide. Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is an effective ß-lactam/ß-lactamase inhibitors against CRKP. However, reports of resistance to CZA, mainly caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) variants, have increased in recent years. In this study, we aimed to describe the resistance characteristics of KPC-12, a novel KPC variant identified from a CZA resistant K. pneumoniae. Methods: The K. pneumoniae YFKP-97 collected from a patient with respiratory tract infection was performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Genomic characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by the broth microdilution method. Induction of resistant strain was carried out in vitro as previously described. The G. mellonella killing assay was used to evaluate the pathogenicity of strains, and the conjugation experiment was performed to evaluate plasmid transfer ability. Results: Strain YFKP-97 was a multidrug-resistant clinical ST11-KL47 K. pneumoniae confers high-level resistance to CZA (16/4 µg/mL). WGS revealed that a KPC variant, KPC-12, was carried by the IncFII (pHN7A8) plasmids (pYFKP-97_a and pYFKP-97_b) and showed significantly decreased activity against carbapenems. In addition, there was a dose-dependent effect of bla KPC-12 on its activity against ceftazidime. In vitro inducible resistance assay results demonstrated that the KPC-12 variant was more likely to confer resistance to CZA than the KPC-2 and KPC-3 variants. Discussion: Our study revealed that patients who was not treated with CZA are also possible to be infected with CZA-resistant strains harbored a novel KPC variant. Given that the transformant carrying bla KPC-12 was more likely to exhibit a CZA-resistance phenotype. Therefore, it is important to accurately identify the KPC variants as early as possible.

Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy: A versatile bio-sapper with translational potential.

Bacteria are important symbionts for humans, which sustain substantial influences on our health. Interestingly, some bastrains have been identified to have therapeutic applications, notably for antitumor activity. Thereby, oncologists have developed various therapeutic models and investigated the potential antitumor mechanisms for bacteria-mediated cancer therapy (BCT). Even though BCT has a long history and exhibits remarkable therapeutic efficacy in pre-clinical animal models, its clinical translation still lags and requires further breakthroughs. This review aims to focus on the established strains of therapeutic bacteria and their antitumor mechanisms, including the stimulation of host immune responses, direct cytotoxicity, the interference on cellular signal transduction, extracellular matrix remodeling, neoangiogenesis, and metabolism, as well as vehicles for drug delivery and gene therapy. Moreover, a brief discussion is proposed regarding the important future directions for this fantastic research field of BCT at the end of this review.

Targeted profiling of polar metabolites in cancer metabolic reprogramming by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is a hallmark of cancer, in which the polar metabolites involving aerobic glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and glutaminolysis play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Therefore, targeted analysis of the polar metabolites in these pathways is of great value for understanding cancers, finding diagnostic biomarkers, and identifying therapeutic targets. However, it is still challenging to directly determine polar metabolites in these pathways without derivatization due to their diverse chemical properties, isomers, and strong polarity. Herein, a highly selective and sensitive HILIC-MS/MS method was developed for direct determination of the polar metabolites in aerobic glycolysis, PPP, TCA cycle, and glutaminolysis pathways. Without derivatization, 19 polar metabolites and their isomers with carbonyl, carboxyl, or phosphoryl groups in human plasma and cell extracts of prostate cancer (PC) were determined with strong retention and high resolution. This method has been widely verified by measuring linearity, precision, sensitivity, repeatability, matrix effect, and accuracy. The analysis of plasma samples by HILIC-MS/MS revealed distinct PC-specific metabolic signatures compared to a healthy control. In addition, this method could also be used to screen the targets of metabolic inhibitors at the cellular level. We conclude that the developed HILIC-MS/MS method provides a valuable means to study the cancer metabolic reprogramming or energy metabolism in living organisms.

The aberrant upregulation of exon 10-inclusive SREK1 through SRSF10 acts as an oncogenic driver in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Deregulation of alternative splicing is implicated as a relevant source of molecular heterogeneity in cancer. However, the targets and intrinsic mechanisms of splicing in hepatocarcinogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we report a functional impact of a Splicing Regulatory Glutamine/Lysine-Rich Protein 1 (SREK1) variant and its regulator, Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10 (SRSF10). HCC patients with poor prognosis express higher levels of exon 10-inclusive SREK1 (SREK1L). SREK1L can sustain BLOC1S5-TXNDC5 (B-T) expression, a targeted gene of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay through inhibiting exon-exon junction complex binding with B-T to exert its oncogenic role. B-T plays its competing endogenous RNA role by inhibiting miR-30c-5p and miR-30e-5p, and further promoting the expression of downstream oncogenic targets SRSF10 and TXNDC5. Interestingly, SRSF10 can act as a splicing regulator for SREK1L to promote hepatocarcinogenesis via the formation of a SRSF10-associated complex. In summary, we demonstrate a SRSF10/SREK1L/B-T signalling loop to accelerate the hepatocarcinogenesis.