RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Radial artery access for cerebral angiography is traditionally performed in the wrist. Distal transradial access in the anatomic snuffbox is an alternative with several advantages. PURPOSE: Our aim was to review the safety and efficacy of distal transradial access for diagnostic cerebral angiography and neurointerventions. DATA SOURCES: We performed a comprehensive search of the literature using PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE. STUDY SELECTION: The study included all case series of at least 10 patients describing outcomes associated with distal transradial access for diagnostic cerebral angiography or a neurointervention. DATA ANALYSIS: Random-effects models were used to obtain pooled rates of procedural success and complications. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 7 studies comprising 348 (75.8%) diagnostic cerebral angiograms and 111 (24.2%) interventions met the inclusion criteria. The pooled success rate was 95% (95% CI, 91%-98%; I2 = 74.33). The pooled minor complication rate was 2% (95% CI, 1%-4%; I2 = 0. No major complications were reported. For diagnostic procedures, the combined mean fluoroscopy time was 13.53 [SD, 8.82] minutes and the mean contrast dose was 74.9 [SD, 35.6] mL. LIMITATIONS: A small number of studies met the inclusion criteria, all of them were retrospective, and none compared outcomes with proximal transradial or femoral access. CONCLUSIONS: Early experience with distal transradial access suggests that it is a safe and effective alternative to proximal radial and femoral access for performing diagnostic cerebral angiography and interventions. Additional studies are needed to establish its efficacy and compare it with other access sites.
Asunto(s)
Angiografía Cerebral/métodos , Neuroendoscopía/métodos , Arteria Radial/cirugía , Humanos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins assemble to form large multiprotein complexes involved in gene silencing. Evidence suggests that PcG complexes are heterogeneous with respect to both protein composition and specific function. MPc3 is a recently described mouse Polycomb (Pc) protein that shares structural homology with at least two other Pc proteins, M33 and MPc2. All three Pc proteins bind another PcG protein, RING1, through a conserved carboxy-terminal C-box motif. Here, data are presented demonstrating that MPc3 also interacts with AF9, a transcriptional activator implicated in the development of acute leukemias. The carboxy-terminus of AF9 is fused to the MLL protein in leukemias characterized by t(9;11)(p22;q23) chromosomal translocations. Importantly, it is the carboxy-terminus of AF9 to which MPc3 binds. The AF9 binding site of MPc3 maps to a central, non-conserved, region of the polypeptide sequence. In contrast to MPc3, data indicate that the Pc protein M33 does not interact with AF9. This finding suggests a potentially unique role for MPc3 in linking a PcG silencing complex to a transcriptional activator protein.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 11 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 9 , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Leucemia Bifenotípica Aguda/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Proto-Oncogenes , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción , Translocación Genética , Células 3T3 , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina , Humanos , Ratones , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana Mitocondrial , Proteína de la Leucemia Mieloide-Linfoide , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Complejo Represivo Polycomb 1 , Proteínas del Grupo Polycomb , Pruebas de Precipitina , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Transactivadores/genética , Técnicas del Sistema de Dos HíbridosRESUMEN
A new mouse Polycomb (Pc) gene, MPc3, has been identified. The MPc3 protein contains the highly conserved chromodomain and carboxy-terminal COOH box of other known Pc proteins from diverse species. Like other Pc proteins, MPc3 physically interacts with the RING finger proteins RING1A and dinG/RING1B. MPc3 maps to the distal arm of mouse chromosome 11 (11E2), a region that contains other known Pc genes in addition to several disease loci that may be linked to abnormal Pc gene function.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Represoras/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Mapeo Cromosómico , ADN/química , ADN/genética , ADN Complementario/química , ADN Complementario/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Embrión de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Exones , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Intrones , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana Mitocondrial , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Complejo Represivo Polycomb 1 , Proteínas del Grupo Polycomb , Unión Proteica , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Técnicas del Sistema de Dos HíbridosRESUMEN
Parvocellular neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) comprise neurosecretory and non-neurosecretory subpopulations. We labelled neurosecretory neurones with intravenous injection of the retrograde tracer, fluoro-gold, and recorded from fluoro-gold-positive and negative PVN parvocellular neurones in hypothalamic slices. Non-neurosecretory parvocellular neurones generated a low-threshold spike (LTS) and robust T-type Ca2+ current, whereas neurosecretory neurones showed no LTS and a small T-current. LTS neurones were located in non-neurosecretory regions of the PVN, and non-LTS neurones were located in neurosecretory regions of the PVN. These findings indicate that neurosecretory and non-neurosecretory subtypes of parvocellular PVN neurones express distinct membrane electrical properties.