Comparison of obesity-related indicators for identifying metabolic syndrome among normal-weight adults in rural Xinjiang, China.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the ability of certain obesity-related indicators to identify metabolic syndrome (MetS) among normal-weight adults in rural Xinjiang. METHODS: A total of 4315 subjects were recruited in rural Xinjiang. The questionnaire, biochemical and anthropometric data were collected from them. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the z-score of each index and MetS. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the diagnostic ability of each index. According to the cut-off value of each index, nomogram models were established and their diagnostic ability were evaluated. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding factors, each indicator in different genders was correlated with MetS. Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) showed the strongest association with MetS in both males (OR = 3.749, 95%CI: 3.173-4.429) and females (OR = 3.521,95%CI: 2.990-4.148). Lipid accumulation product (LAP) showed the strongest diagnostic ability in both males (AUC = 0.831, 95%CI: 0.806-0.856) and females (AUC = 0.842, 95%CI: 0.820-0.864), and its optimal cut-off values were 39.700 and 35.065, respectively. The identification ability of the TyG index in different genders (males AUC: 0.817, females AUC: 0.817) was slightly weaker than LAP. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) had the similar AUC (males: 0.717, females: 0.747) to conicity index (CI) (males: 0.734, females: 0.749), whereas the identification ability of a body shape index (ABSI) (males AUC: 0.700, females AUC: 0.717) was relatively weak. Compared with the diagnostic ability of a single indicator, the AUC of the male nomogram model was 0.876 (95%CI: 0.856-0.895) and the AUC of the female model was 0.877 (95%CI: 0.856-0.896). The identification ability had been significantly improved. CONCLUSION: LAP and TyG index are effective indicators for identifying MetS among normal-weight adults in rural Xinjiang. Nomogram models including age, CI, LAP, and TyG index can significantly improve diagnostic ability.

Updating Framingham CVD risk score using waist circumference and estimated cardiopulmonary function: a cohort study based on a southern Xinjiang population.

PURPOSE: To explore the association between waist circumference (WC), estimated cardiopulmonary function (eCRF), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in southern Xinjiang. Update the Framingham model to make it more suitable for the southern Xinjiang population. METHODS: Data were collected from 7705 subjects aged 30-74 years old in Tumushuke City, the 51st Regiment of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. CVD was defined as an individual's first diagnosis of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, death from coronary heart disease, and fatal or non-fatal stroke. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the association between WC, eCRF and CVD risk. Restricted cubic spline plots were drawn to describe the association of the two indicators with CVD risk. We update the model by incorporating the new variables into the Framingham model and re-estimating the coefficients. The discrimination of the model is evaluated using AUC, NRI, and IDI metrics. Model calibration is evaluated using pseudo R2 values. RESULTS: WC was an independent risk factor for CVD (multivariate HR: 1.603 (1.323, 1.942)), eCRF was an independent protective factor for CVD (multivariate HR: 0.499 (0.369, 0.674)). There was a nonlinear relationship between WC and CVD risk (nonlinear χ2 = 12.43, P = 0.002). There was a linear association between eCRF and CVD risk (non-linear χ2 = 0.27, P = 0.6027). In the male, the best risk prediction effect was obtained when WC and eCRF were added to the model (AUC = 0.763((0.734,0.792)); pseudo R2 = 0.069). In the female, the best risk prediction effect was obtained by adding eCRF to the model (AUC = 0.757 (0.734,0.779); pseudo R2 = 0.107). CONCLUSION: In southern Xinjiang, WC is an independent risk factor for CVD. eCRF is an independent protective factor for CVD. We recommended adding WC and eCRF in the male model and only eCRF in the female model for better risk prediction.

Predictive power of a body shape index and traditional anthropometric indicators for cardiovascular disease: a cohort study in rural Xinjiang, China.

BACKGROUND: A body shape index (ABSI) has been proven to be related to a population's CVD incidence. However, the application of this indicator has produced different results. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the ABSI in predicting the incidence of CVD in rural Xinjiang, China, and compare it with waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body mass index (BMI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 5375 people aged 18 years or older were included in the study. We used the Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the relationship between WC, WHR, WHtR, BMI, and ABSI and the incidence of CVD, the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the predictive power of each anthropometric index for the incidence of CVD, and restricted cubic splines are used to analyse the trend relationship between anthropometric indicators and the incidence of CVD. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, standardised WC, WHR, WHtR, BMI, and ABSI all positively correlated with the incidence of CVD. WC had the highest HR (95% CI) value, 1.64 (1.51-1.78), and AUC (95% CI) value, 0.7743 (0.7537-0.7949). ABSI had the lowest HR (95% CI) value, 1.21(1.10-1.32), and AUC (95% CI) value, 0.7419 (0.7208-0.7630). In the sex-specific sensitivity analysis, the predictive ability of traditional anthropometric indicators for the incidence of CVD is higher than that of ABSI. CONCLUSIONS: In the rural areas of Xinjiang, the traditional anthropometric indicators of WC had better ability to predict the incidence of CVD than ABSI.

Metabolically healthy obesity and unhealthy normal weight rural adults in Xinjiang: prevalence and the associated factors.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) rural adults in Xinjiang and to explore their influencing factors. METHODS: We selected 13,525 Uyghur, Kazakh and Han participants in Kashi, Yili and Shihezi areas in Xinjiang from 2009 to 2010. Weight status was classified according to body mass index. Metabolic phenotype was further defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of normal weight, overweight, and obesity were 51.6, 30.2, and 14.4%, respectively. The mean age of the population was 45.04 years. The prevalence of MHO was 5.5% overall and was 38.5% among obese participants. The prevalence of MUNW was 15.5% overall and was 30.1% among normal weight participants. A metabolically healthy phenotype among obese individuals was positively associated with females and vegetable consumption ≥4 plates per week. However, this was inversely associated with higher age, red meat consumption ≥2 kg per week, and larger waist circumference (WC). Conversely, a metabolically unhealthy phenotype among normal-weight individuals was positively associated with higher age, red meat consumption ≥2 kg per week, and larger WC; this was however inversely associated with vegetable consumption ≥4 plates per week. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MHO among obese adults in Xinjiang is higher than that of Han adults, while the prevalence of MUNW among normal weight adults is lower than that among Han adults. In obese and normal weight participants, higher age, more red meat consumption, and larger WC increase the risk of metabolic abnormality, and more vegetable consumption reduces the risk of metabolic abnormality.

Association of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin content with metabolic syndrome among Kazakhs in Xinjiang.

BACKGROUND: Some studies have shown that a high level of bilirubin is a protective factor against metabolic syndrome (MS), while a high level of transaminase is a risk factor for MS. However, the existing results are inconsistent and few cohort studies have been published. METHODS: Using an ambispective cohort study, 565 Kazakhs from Xinjiang, China were selected as the study subjects. The baseline serum bilirubin and transaminase levels of the subjects were divided into quartiles and the relationship between these values and the incidence of MS was analyzed. The definition of MS was based on the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: The average follow-up time for the subjects was 5.72 years. The cumulative incidence of MS was 36.11% (204 of the 565 subjects), and the incidence density was 63.10/1000 person-years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) were negatively correlated with the occurrence of MS, Compared to the lowest quartile level (Q1), the hazard ratios of MS the TBIL levels at the Q2-Q4 quartiles were: 0.47 (0.31-0.71), 0.53 (0.35-0.79), and 0.48 (0.32-0.72), respectively, while IBIL levels at the Q2-Q4 quartiles showed an MS hazard ratio of 0.48 (0.32-0.72), 0.54(0.36-0.81), and 0.52 (0.35-0.77), respectively, all at a 95% confidence level. However, no relationship was found between transaminase levels and the incidence of MS. CONCLUSION: Serum TBIL and IBIL levels were negatively correlated with the incidence of MS in a Kazakh population in China.

Use of Blood Lipid Indicators as a Screening Tool of Insulin Resistance among Individuals in Low-Income Country Sides of China: A Multiethnic Region Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at evaluating the diagnostic value of blood lipid indicators (BLIs) for insulin resistance (IR) among major ethnic groups in Xinjiang, China, to identify the most valuable indicators and appropriate cut-off points for each ethnic group and to lay the foundation for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of metabolic diseases in remote rural areas. METHODS: Overall, 418 Uygurs, 331 Kazakhs, and 220 Hans were randomly included in our study. The homeostasis model assessment was the gold standard for identifying IR. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value, and the nomogram was utilized to analyze the predictive value. The size of the area under the curve (AUC) reflected the accuracy of screening and prediction. RESULTS: Differences in races were observed in terms of IR and BLIs, and the Kazakhs had the highest IR level at 5.27 mmol/L. The correlation between IR and BLIs differed among the three races. For the Kazakhs and Hans, all BLIs, except total cholesterol (TC), were correlated to IR. However, for the Uygurs, only the triglyceride (TG) level, TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, and TC/HDL-C ratio were associated with IR. After further adjustment of confounding factors, these indicators were still correlated to IR. BLIs that independently correlated to IR in the three nationalities had a certain diagnostic value for IR. In terms of the AUC size, the TG level was the highest in Uygurs, the TG/HDL-C ratio was the highest for Kazakhs and Hans, and the corresponding best cut-off points for IR were 1.515, 1.230, and 1.495 mmol/L, respectively. In addition, for each race, when the indicators with a certain diagnostic value were combined, the diagnostic value for IR was higher. CONCLUSION: BLIs had a certain diagnostic value for IR and could be used as a screening tool for IR among Uygurs, Kazakhs, and Hans in Xinjiang. These findings are extremely important for the prevention and treatment of IR and metabolic diseases in remote rural areas.

Association of Insulin Resistance with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: Ethnic Heterogeneity in Far Western China.

Objective. To study the relationships between IR and glucose and lipid metabolism in far western China and these relationships' ethnic heterogeneity. Methods. From the baseline survey, 419 Uygur cases, 331 Kazak cases, and 220 Han cases were randomly selected, resulting in a total of 970 cases for study. FINS concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results. (1) In the Kazak population, IR was correlated with hyperglycemia; high levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C; and low levels of HDL-C and abdominal obesity (all P < 0.05). (2) In the Uygur population, the influence of IR on hyperglycemia and abdominal obesity was the greatest. In the Kazak population, IR was associated with hyperglycemia most closely. In the Han population, IR may have had an impact on the incidence of low HDL-C levels. (3) After adjusting for sex, age, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, IR was still associated with anomalies in the metabolism of the Uygur, Kazak, and Han populations. Conclusion. IR was involved in the process of glucose and lipid metabolism, and its degree of involvement differed among the ethnicities studied. We could consider reducing the occurrence of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism by controlling IR and aiming to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related diseases.

Association of Metabolic Syndrome with the Adiponectin to Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Ratio.

This study aimed at determining whether the adiponectin to HOMA-IR (A/H) ratio is associated with MetS and MetS components and comparing the diagnostic efficacy of adiponectin, HOMA-IR, and the A/H ratio in healthy, middle-aged participants. MetS was assessed in 1628 Kazakh participants (men, 768; women, 860). The associations between adiponectin, HOMA-IR, and the A/H ratio with the components of MetS and MetS were examined using logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Our results show that A/H ratio may be a better diagnostic marker for MetS than either HOMA-IR or adiponectin alone, and it may serve as an important biomarker to determine an increased risk for MetS in healthy middle-aged population.

Association of Inflammation with Metabolic Syndrome among Low-Income Rural Kazakh and Uyghur Adults in Far Western China.

This study focused on low-income rural and nomadic minority people residing in China's far west and investigated their relationship between inflammatory markers (IL-6, hsCRP, FFA, and adiponectin) and MS and ethnic differences. And it found that improving behavioral lifestyle by education or using drugs to control inflammation may prevent MS. These observations may benefit low-income populations.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates Arsenic-induced Oxidative Reproductive Toxicity in Male Mice.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in alleviating arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity. METHODS: Sixty male Kunming mice received the following treatments by gavage: normal saline solution (control); arsenic trioxide (ATO; 4 mg/kg); GSPE (400 mg/kg); ATO+GSPE (100 mg/kg); ATO+GSPE (200 mg/kg) and ATO+GSPE (400 mg/kg). Thereafter, the mice were sacrificed and weighed, and the testis was examined for pathological changes. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, and quinone 1 (NQO1) expression in the testis was detected by real-time PCR. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidative capability (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and reproductive indexes were analyzed. RESULTS: ATO-treated mice showed a significantly decreased sperm count and testis somatic index and activity levels of SOD, GSH, and T-AOC than control group. Compared to the ATO-treated group, ATO +GSPE group showed recovery of the measured parameters. Mice treated with ATO+high-dose GSPE showed the highest level of mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO, NQO1, and GST. CONCLUSION: GSPE alleviates oxidative stress damage in mouse testis by activating Nrf2 signaling, thus counteracting arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity.

Human cytomegalovirus infection is associated with essential hypertension in Kazakh and Han Chinese populations.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to study the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and hypertension in Kazakh and Han populations from Xinjiang Province, China. MATERIAL/METHODS: We analyzed data on 800 Kazakhs (467 hypertension patients and 333 healthy control participants) and 800 Hans (482 hypertension patients and 318 healthy control participants) aged 18-84 years old. ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were applied for determining CMV infection and glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes, respectively. RESULTS: Serologic evidence of CMV infection was obtained for 95.4% and 90.1% of the Kazakhs and Hans, respectively. The CMV seroprevalence rates among the Kazakh and Han participants with hypertension were 96.8% and 89.8%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed statistically significant independent associations between CMV seropositivity and hypertension in Kazakh males and between CMV antibody titers and hypertension in Hans; significant relationships also existed between CMV antibody titers and blood pressure in Hans. In Kazakhs, 3 CMV gB genotypes were identified: gB2 and genotype mixtures gB1+gB2 and gB2+gB3. In Hans, 4 CMV gB genotypes were identified: gB1, gB2, gB1+gB2, and gB2+gB3. Of the 4 studied genotypes, gB2+gB3 showed a significant independent association with hypertension in Kazakh females. CONCLUSIONS: CMV infection is associated with essential hypertension in Kazakh males and Hans in Xinjiang. CMV seropositivity is associated with hypertension in Kazakh males, and CMV antibody titers are associated with blood pressure and hypertension in Han males and females. Moreover, the CMV gB2+gB3 genotype mixture is associated independently with essential hypertension in Kazakh females.

[SERS spectrum recognition for Malachite Green real-time detection in aquaculture used seawater].

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a useful chemical analysis technique for its high sensitivity, which was used for Malachite Green qualitative analysis in real cases in the present article. Automatic recognition algorithms were put forward, which is a combination of three modules, including a robust Fourier transform for background rejection, a principal component analysis based character extraction method and artificial neural networks for classifying. Low-frequency background was rejected by iterative Fourier transform in order to eliminate the effect of variable background. The best principal component combination was obtained according to the Euclidean distances between-class and within-class in the sample space. And a three-layer back-propagating neural network was constructed for classifying. As it was shown, it would both minimize the network and reduce the classifying mistakes from variable baseline and Raman characters of other substances in seawater with best principal component combination. Malachite Green real-time detection in aquaculture used seawater was realized with a lower density limit of 0. 1 microg L-1. Moreover, the method proposed in this article could be extended for other sol analysis based on SERS technique.

[Clinical Observation on Haploid Hematopoietic Stem Cells Combined with Umbilical Cord Blood Double Transplantation for Aplastic Anaemia in Children].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with umbilical cord blood infusion for the treatment of aplastic anaemia in children. METHODS: Nine cases of children with aplastic anaemia treated with umbilical cord blood combined with haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 1, 2021 to September 15, 2023 with a median age of 11(2-13) years and a median follow up of 18(7.5-21) months were included, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Hematopoiesis reconstitution, the incidence of graft-versus-host disease(GVHD), infections and survival of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: All 9 children were successfully implanted. The median time to neutrophil and platelet implantation was 11.11±1.27 d and 12.44±3.36 d, respectively. One case developed acute gastrointestinal GVHD of degree I, which was improved after treatment, and the patient developed superficial gastritis and chronic gastrointestinal GVHD at a later stage, which is currently under clinical follow-up. Acute GVHD of II-IV degree was 0%. Hemorrhagic cystitis in 3 cases, CMV infection in 5 cases and bacterial and fungal infections in 5 cases improved with symptomatic treatment.All 9 children demonstrated complete donor chimerism within 1 month after transplantation, at two years of follow-up, all nine children survived without recurrence or development of grade II-IV GVHD, and there were no children with transplant-related deaths. CONCLUSION: Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with umbilical cord blood transfusion for aplastic anaemia in children has a low incidence and mild degree of GVHD, with significant efficacy, and can be used as a therapeutic option for children without an HLA full donor chimeric match.

[Epidemic features of dyslipidemia among Uygur, Kazakh, and Han adults in Xinjiang, China in 2010].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the Uyghur, Kazakh, and Han adults in Xinjiang Region and to analyze the features of distribution. METHODS: 3625 Uygur residents, 1773 males and 1852 females, aged (42.89 ± 15.95) years old, 4148 Kazakh residents, 1649 males and 2499 females, aged (44.14 ± 13.27) years old, and 3733 Han residents, 1563 males and 2170 females, aged (49.66 ± 12.24) years old, were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method in year 2010, 11 506 adults in total. Questionnaire and physical examination were conducted, including fasting venous blood samples to test the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). RESULTS: The levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were separately (1.31 ± 1.03), (4.44 ± 1.20), (1.41 ± 0.62), and (2.44 ± 0.81) mmol/L in the Uygur adults; separately (1.24 ± 0.99), (4.55 ± 1.31), (1.41 ± 0.62), and (2.40 ± 0.87) mmol/L in the Kazakh adults; and (1.62 ± 1.34), (4.60 ± 1.10), (1.16 ± 0.68), and (2.23 ± 0.93) mmol/L in the Han adults, respectively. The general prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Uygur, Kazakh, and Han adults were 42.4% (1537/3625), 31.6% (1311/4148), and 30.2% (1127/3733) respectively; while the age-standardized prevalence were separately 42.4%, 31.8%, and 28.2%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Uygur adults was significantly higher than it of the Kazakh and Han adults, with statistical significance (χ(2) = 179.87, P < 0.01). The standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Uygur males was 52.6%, significantly higher than it of the Kazakh and Han males (35.4% and 33.2%), with statistical significance (χ(2) = 159.19, P < 0.01). The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among the Han adults was 17.3%, which was significantly higher than it among the Uyghur and Kazakh adults (χ(2) = 172.55, P < 0.01). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Kazakh (6.9%) was higher than it in Uygur (5.2%), with statistical significance (χ(2) = 10.20, P < 0.01). The prevalence of low HDL-C hyperlipidemia in the above 3 ethnic were 33.6%, 20.8% and 11.1%, respectively; while Uygur was the highest (χ(2) = 552.82, P < 0.01), followed by Kazakh, which was higher than Han (χ(2) = 138.01, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of high LDL-C hyperlipidemia among the adults of the 3 ethnics. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among the Uygur, Kazakh, and Han adults in Xinjiang were all higher than the national average prevalence, the distribution of dyslipidemia varied with ethnicity, age and sex.

[Epidemiological study on overweight and obesity among rural adult residents in Hazakh and Uygur population in Xinjiang province, 2010].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and distribution features of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity among rural adult residents in Hazakh and Uygur population in Xinjiang province, 2010. METHODS: Questionnaire-based survey and physical examination were conducted towards the 8611 subjects selected from Hazakh and Uygur residents aged over 18 years old in Yili Xinyuan County and Kashi Jiashi County in Xinjiang province by stratified cluster random sampling method; and thereby the results were analyzed and compared between the two ethnic populations. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight in Hazakh(male: 29.5% (612/2078) and female: 26.4% (789/2991)) was higher than that in Uygur(male: 25.5% (440/1728) and female: 21.9% (397/1814)). The difference showed statistical significance (male: χ(2) = 7.50, female: χ(2) = 12.27, P < 0.01). The prevalence was higher in males than in females among the same ethic population (Hazakh: χ(2) = 5.79, Uygur: χ(2) = 6.28, P < 0.05). The prevalence of obesity in Hazakh(male:18.2% (379/2078) and female:18.1% (540/2991)) was higher than that in Uygur(male: 9.4% (163/1728) and female: 13.2% (240/1814)). The difference showed statistical significance (male: χ(2) = 59.90, female: χ(2) = 19.32, P < 0.01). The female prevalence was higher than male in Uygur (χ(2) = 12.66, P < 0.01); however, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence stratified by gender in Hazakh. The prevalence of abdominal obesity in Hazakh(male: 57.0% (1185/2078) and female: 60.2% (1801/2991)) was higher than that in Uygur(male: 46.9% (811/1728) and female: 59.5% (1080/1814)). The difference showed statistical significance (male: χ(2) = 38.54, P < 0.01; female: χ(2) = 0.216, P > 0.05). And the female prevalence was both higher than male in the two ethic populations (Hazakh: χ(2) = 5.15, P < 0.05; Uygur: χ(2) = 56.50, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence abdominal obesity among rural adult residents in Hazakh and Uygur population was much higher than the average level nationwide in China. Hazakh had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than Uygur.

[Correlation between Peripheral Blood PLR with Treg, Th17 in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma and Its Influence on Prognosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of peripheral blood platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with Treg and Th17 and its influence on prognosis in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: One hundred thirty-five newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients admitted to the Department of Hematology of Zhengzhou People's Hospital from June 2015 to October 2022 were selected as MM group. Clinical data included sex, age, immune typing, ISS stage, blood calcium (Ca), albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (Hb), PLR, LDH, ß2 microglobulin (ß2-MG), Treg and Th17 levels. Sixty healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. PLR, Treg and Th17 levels in MM group and control group were compared. Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between PLR and Treg, Th17. The relationship between MM patients with different PLR and clinical features and prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS: The PLR and Th17 of MM patients were significantly higher than that of control group, and Treg was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). In MM patients, PLR was negatively correlated with Treg (r=-0.616), and PLR was positively correlated with Th17 (r=0.555). Using mean PLR=132.72 as the boundary, 135 MM patients were divided into high PLR group (n=54) and low PLR group (n=81). In MM patients with high PLR, ISS stage, ALB and Treg were significantly higher than those in low PLR group, while Th17 was significantly lower than those in low PLR group (P<0.05). By univariate and COX regression analysis, PLR was an independent prognostic risk factor for newly diagnosed MM patients (P<0.05). MM patients with high PLR had better PFS and OS, and the difference was statistically significant compared with MM patients with low PLR (P<0.05). 65 patients admitted from June 2015 to December 2018 were used as the training set, and 70 patients admitted from January 2019 to October 2022 were used as the validation set. The OS of MM patients with different PLR were compared respectively. The results showed that the conclusions of the training set and the validation set were consistent. PLR with high expression had higher OS (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: PLR is correlated with Treg and Th17 in newly diagnosed MM patients, and high PLR has better prognosis. PLR can be used to evaluate the prognosis of MM patients.

[The epidemic situation of metabolic syndrome among the Uygur in Kashgar of Xinjiang in 2010].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Xinjiang Uygur adults. METHODS: With cluster random sampling, investigations including questionnaire, physical examination and blood testing were performed among 3442 Uygur adults among in Kashgar of Xinjiang on November 2010. Prevalence of MS in groups with different characteristics were calculated and non-conditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 21.2% (728/3442), and the age-adjusted prevalence was 18.5%. The prevalence among males and females was 14.5% (245/1694) (age-adjusted prevalence 12.7%) and 27.6% (483/1748) (age-adjusted prevalence 24.4%) respectively (P < 0.05). The prevalence of MS among 18 to 24 years old and 65 years old and above were 4.3% (21/490) and 28.9% (109/377) respectively. The prevalence of MS increased with age (χ(2) = 204.13, P < 0.05). The prevalence of low blood HDL-C, central obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia was 57.5% (1978/3442), 44.5% (1531/3442), 27.5% (948/3442), 20.2% (696/3442) and 8.6% (297/3442) respectively. Compared to age group 18 - 24, the risk of MS occurrence was higher in age group 25 - 34, 35 - 44, 45 - 54, 55 - 64 and 65 years-old above, the according OR (95%CI) values were 2.29 (1.38 - 3.81), 6.91 (4.31 - 11.09), 10.81 (6.72 - 17.40), 12.52 (7.74 - 20.26) and 10.20 (6.20 - 16.78), respectively. Smoking also increased the risk of MS (OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.64 - 3.37). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MS in Xinjiang Uygur was in high level; The prevalence of MS is higher in female than in male; The risk factors of MS included female, age and smoking.

[Expression Level and Correlation of miR-211, miR-155, C-myc in Acute T Lymphocytic Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and correlation of miR-211, miR-155, and C-myc in acute T lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL), aiming to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: A total of 96 T-ALL patients who were diagnosed and treated in People's Hospital of Zhengzhou from June 2014 to June 2017 were selected, and 69 healthy volunteers who had a physical examination were selected as control group in the same period. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of miR-211, miR-155, and C-myc in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in each group. Kaplan-Meier was used to analyze the survival of T-ALL patients and correlation of miR-211, miR-155, and C-myc with prognosis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of miR-211, miR-155, and C-myc with disease risk. RESULTS: The expression levels of miR-211 mRNA, miR-155 mRNA, and C-myc mRNA in T-ALL group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01), those in non-remission group were higher than those in remission group (P<0.01), and those in high-risk group were also higher than those in low-risk group and intermediate-risk group (P<0.01). The survival time of T-ALL patients with low miR-211 expression was longer than that with high miR-211 expression (P<0.01), that with low miR-155 expression was longer than that with high miR-155 expression (P<0.01), and that with low C-myc expression was also longer than that with high C-myc expression (P<0.01). The high expression of miR-211, miR-155, and C-myc was linearly positively correlated with high risk of disease (r=0.749, 0.781, 0.804). CONCLUSION: The expressions of miR-211, miR-155, and C-myc are up-regulated in T-ALL patients, closely related to prognosis, and linearly positively correlated with disease risk.

[Association of the TGF-beta1 gene polymorphisms and blood TGF-beta 1 level with essential hypertension in Kazakh Chinese].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of the transforming growth factor- beta 1 (TGF- beta 1) gene polymorphisms and blood TGF- beta 1 level with essential hypertension (EH) in Kazakh Chinese. METHODS: The polymorphisms of TGF- beta 1 gene in 354 Kazakh EH patients and 435 healthy controls were detected with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing. The blood level of TGF- beta 1 was quantified using specific sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: The frequencies of genotypes GG, GC and alleles G and C of +915G/C in Xinjiang Kazakh were 97.9%, 2.1% and 98.77%, 1.23%, respectively. No significantly difference was found between EH patients and controls (P>0.05). The frequencies of genotypes TT, TC, CC and alleles T and C of +869T/C in controls was 25.97%, 46.67%, 27.36%, 49.3% and 50.7%, respectively, the CC genotype or C allele in EH patients had significantly higher frequencies than controls [41.60% vs. 27.36%, and 62.2% vs. 50.7%, respectively (P<0.05)]. It was also shown that TGF- beta 1 +869 C allele carriers had significantly increased risk of EH compared with T allele carriers (OR=1.60, P=0.00). There was linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the two polymorphisms. The frequency of haplotype C-G in the EH group was significantly higher than that in controls (61.6% vs. 49.8%, P<0.05). There were no differences in TGF- beta 1 level among different genotypes or alleles in both +869T/C and +915G/C loci (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The frequency of +915G/C variation of the TGF- beta 1 gene was very low in Kazakh and there was no homozygous variation. The +869 C allele was likely the genetic susceptibility factor for EH in the population. There was linkage disequilibrium in the polymorphisms of +869T/C and +915G/C. Haplotype C-G was the risk factor of EH.

[Research on co-infections of HIV and human herpesvirus-8 among the Uygur high-risk groups in a city, Xinjiang].

OBJECTIVE: To research the co-infections of HIV and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) in Uygur high-risk groups of HIV infection in a city Xinjiang. METHODS: All 468 Uygurs at high HIV risk registered in the sentinel monitoring system in 2006 were enrolled in this study. The antibodies to HHV8 latency-associated nuclear antigens 1 (LANA1), lytic antigens open reading frame 65 (ORF65) and K8.1 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chi-square test and non-condition Logistic regression model were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of 468 sera samples, 67 (14.3%) were HIV and HHV8 co-infection positive.Male's HIV and HHV8 co-infection rate (22.6%, 54/239) was higher than the female's (5.7%, 13/229) (chi(2) = 27.285, P < 0.001). For those above 24 year old, HIV and HHV8 co-infection rate (15.8%, 65/412) was higher than the < 24 year old group's (3.6%, 2/56) (chi(2) = 5.987, P = 0.014). The group of Elementary school and illiterate people's HIV and HHV8 co-infection rate (20.7%, 40/193) was higher than the junior middle school and the above culture (9.8%, 27/275) (chi(2) = 10.999, P = 0.001). For the unmarried people, the co-infecting rate of HIV and HHV8 for the married, the cohabitants, the divorced or the widowers were 16.9% (14/83), 12.2% (42/345), 27.5% (11/40) respectively. There was significantly statistical difference among three marital status (chi(2) = 7.399, P = 0.025). Injecting drug users' HIV and HHV8 co-infection rate (26.5%, 50/189) was higher than non-injecting drug users' (6.1%, 17/279) (chi(2) = 38.083, P < 0.001), and stratified by gender, OR(M-H) was 4.207 (95%CI: 1.529 - 11.578). Via non-condition logistic stepwise regression analysis, only injecting drug use entered model, compared with non-injecting drug users, injecting drug users were more dangerous for HIV and HHV8 co-infecting (OR = 5.544; 95%CI: 3.081 - 9.975). CONCLUSION: The HIV and HHV8 co-infection rate was higher in the Uygurs at high HIV risk in Xinjiang. Injecting drug use is a risk factor of the HIV and HHV8 co-infection, which might be one of routes of HIV and HHV8 co-infection among this group.