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1.
Cell ; 173(7): 1716-1727.e17, 2018 06 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29779945

RESUMEN

Sunlight exposure is known to affect mood, learning, and cognition. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that moderate UV exposure elevated blood urocanic acid (UCA), which then crossed the blood-brain barrier. Single-cell mass spectrometry and isotopic labeling revealed a novel intra-neuronal metabolic pathway converting UCA to glutamate (GLU) after UV exposure. This UV-triggered GLU synthesis promoted its packaging into synaptic vesicles and its release at glutamatergic terminals in the motor cortex and hippocampus. Related behaviors, like rotarod learning and object recognition memory, were enhanced after UV exposure. All UV-induced metabolic, electrophysiological, and behavioral effects could be reproduced by the intravenous injection of UCA and diminished by the application of inhibitor or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against urocanase, an enzyme critical for the conversion of UCA to GLU. These findings reveal a new GLU biosynthetic pathway, which could contribute to some of the sunlight-induced neurobehavioral changes.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Ácido Glutámico/biosíntesis , Aprendizaje/efectos de la radiación , Memoria/efectos de la radiación , Rayos Ultravioleta , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Neuronas/citología , Neuronas/fisiología , Técnicas de Placa-Clamp , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Urocanato Hidratasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Urocanato Hidratasa/genética , Urocanato Hidratasa/metabolismo , Ácido Urocánico/sangre , Ácido Urocánico/metabolismo
2.
J Am Chem Soc ; 146(9): 5998-6005, 2024 Mar 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38379163

RESUMEN

Due to their programmable stimuli-responsiveness, excellent biocompatibility, and water-rich and soft structures similar to biological tissues, smart DNA hydrogels hold great promise for biosensing and biomedical applications. However, most DNA hydrogels developed to date are composed of randomly oriented and isotropic polymer networks, and the resulting slow response to biotargets and lack of anisotropic properties similar to those of biological tissues have limited their extensive applications. Herein, anisotropic DNA hydrogels consisting of unidirectional void channels internally oriented up to macroscopic length scales were constructed by a directional cryopolymerization method, as exemplified by a DNA-incorporated covalently cross-linked DNA cryogel and a DNA duplex structure noncovalently cross-linked DNA cryogel. Results showed that the formation of unidirectional channels significantly improved the responsiveness of the gel matrix to biomacromolecular substances and further endowed the DNA cryogels with anisotropic properties, including anisotropic mechanical properties, anisotropic swelling/shrinking behaviors, and anisotropic responsiveness to specific biotargets. Moreover, the abundant oriented and long macroporous channels in the gel matrix facilitated the migration of cells, and through the introduction of aptamer structures and thermosensitive polymers, an anisotropic DNA cryogel-based platform was further constructed to achieve the highly efficient capture and release of specific cells. These anisotropic DNA hydrogels may provide new opportunities for the development of anisotropic separation and biosensing systems.


Asunto(s)
Criogeles , Hidrogeles , Criogeles/química , Hidrogeles/química , Polímeros/química , ADN
3.
Anal Chem ; 96(13): 5215-5222, 2024 Apr 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38506337

RESUMEN

Stimuli-responsive DNA hydrogels have shown great potential in sensing applications due to their attractive properties such as programmable target responsiveness, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In contrast to the extensively developed DNA hydrogel sensing systems based on the stimuli-responsive hydrogel-to-solution phase transition of the hydrogel matrix, the quantitative sensing application of DNA hydrogels exhibiting smart shape deformations has rarely been explored. Moreover, bulk DNA hydrogel-based sensing systems also suffer from high material cost and slow response. Herein, free-standing bilayer polyacrylamide/DNA hybrid hydrogel films with programmable responsive properties directed by the sequence of functional DNA units have been constructed. Compared with bulk DNA hydrogels, these DNA hydrogel films with a thickness at the micrometer scale not only greatly reduce the consumption of DNA materials but also facilitate the mass transfer of biomacromolecular substances within the hydrogel network, thus favoring their sensing applications. Therefore, a target-responsive smart DNA hydrogel film-based sensor system is further demonstrated based on the large amplitude macroscopic shape deformation of the film as a visual signal readout. As a proof of concept, Pb2+ or UO22+ ion-responsive DNA units were introduced into the active layer of the bilayer hydrogel films. In the presence of Pb2+ or UO22+ ions, the occurrence of a cleavage reaction within the DNA units leads to the release of DNA segments from the hydrogel film, inducing a dramatic shape deformation of the film, and thus sensing of Pb2+ or UO22+ ions with high specificity is achieved based on measuring the bending angle changes of these smart free-standing films. These smart DNA hydrogel film sensors with target-programmable responsiveness, simple operation, and ease of storage may hold promise for future rapid on-site testing applications.


Asunto(s)
Resinas Acrílicas , Hidrogeles , Plomo , Metilgalactósidos , ADN , Iones
4.
Small ; : e2311694, 2024 Feb 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38363062

RESUMEN

As a fundamental product of CO2 conversion through two-electron transfer, CO is used to produce numerous chemicals and fuels with high efficiency, which has broad application prospects. In this work, it has successfully optimized catalytic activity by fabricating an electrocatalyst featuring crystalline-amorphous CoO-InOx interfaces, thereby significantly expediting CO production. The 1.21%CoO-InOx consists of randomly dispersed CoO crystalline particles among amorphous InOx nanoribbons. In contrast to the same-phase structure, the unique CoO-InOx heterostructure provides plentiful reactive crystalline-amorphous interfacial sites. The Faradaic efficiency of CO (FECO ) can reach up to 95.67% with a current density of 61.72 mA cm-2 in a typical H-cell using MeCN containing 0.5 M 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF6 ) as the electrolyte. Comprehensive experiments indicate that CoO-InOx interfaces with optimization of charge transfer enhance the double-layer capacitance and CO2 adsorption capacity. Theoretical calculations further reveal that the regulating of the electronic structure at interfacial sites not only optimizes the Gibbs free energy of *COOH intermediate formation but also inhibits HER, resulting in high selectivity toward CO.

5.
Plant Cell ; 33(3): 603-622, 2021 05 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33955492

RESUMEN

In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), breeding efforts have focused intensively on improving grain yield and quality. For quality, the content and composition of seed storage proteins (SSPs) determine the elasticity of wheat dough and flour processing quality. Moreover, starch levels in seeds are associated with yield. However, little is known about the mechanisms that coordinate SSP and starch accumulation in wheat. In this study, we explored the role of the endosperm-specific NAC transcription factor TaNAC019 in coordinating SSP and starch accumulation. TaNAC019 binds to the promoters of TaGlu-1 loci, encoding high molecular weight glutenin (HMW-GS), and of starch metabolism genes. Triple knock-out mutants of all three TaNAC019 homoeologs exhibited reduced transcript levels for all SSP types and genes involved in starch metabolism, leading to lower gluten and starch contents, and in flour processing quality parameters. TaNAC019 directly activated the expression of HMW-GS genes by binding to a specific motif in their promoters and interacting with the TaGlu-1 regulator TaGAMyb. TaNAC019 also indirectly regulated the expression of TaSPA, an ortholog of maize Opaque2 that activates SSP accumulation. Therefore, TaNAC019 regulation of starch- and SSP-related genes has key roles in wheat grain quality. Finally, we identified an elite allele (TaNAC019-BI) associated with flour processing quality, providing a candidate gene for breeding wheat with improved quality.


Asunto(s)
Endospermo/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Almidón/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Alelos , Endospermo/genética , Glútenes/genética , Glútenes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Almidón/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Triticum/genética , Triticum/metabolismo
6.
Chemistry ; : e202400983, 2024 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38747632

RESUMEN

Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising method for converting atmospheric CO2 into valuable low-carbon chemicals. In this study, a crystalline cadmium sulfide/amorphous cadmium hydroxide composite was successfully deposited on the carbon paper substrate surface by in-situ chemical bath deposition (named as c-CdS/a-Cd(OH)2/CP electrodes) for the efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to produce CO. The c-CdS/a-Cd(OH)2/CP electrode exhibited high CO Faradaic efficiencies (>90 %) under a wide potential window of 1.0 V, with the highest value reaching ~100 % at the applied potential ranging from -2.16 V to -2.46 V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+), superior to the crystalline counterpart c-CdS/CP and c-CdS/c-Cd(OH)2@CP electrodes. Meanwhile, the CO partial current density reached up to 154.7 mA cm-2 at -2.76 V vs. Fc/Fc+ on the c-CdS/a-Cd(OH)2/CP electrode. The excellent performance of this electrode was mainly ascribed to its special three-dimensional structure and the introduction of a-Cd(OH)2. These structures could provide more active sites, accelerate the charge transfer, and enhance adsorption of *COOH intermediates, thereby improving the CO selectivity. Moreover, the electrolytes consisting of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and acetonitrile also enhanced the reaction kinetics of electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO.

7.
BMC Cancer ; 24(1): 110, 2024 Jan 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38254159

RESUMEN

BACKGROUNDS: Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma(LPM) is a rare subtype of meningioma with a low degree of malignancy and an overall preferable prognosis. The purpose of this article is to increase the understanding of the disease, reduce misdiagnosis, and improve prognosis. METHODS: A search was conducted in the PubMed database for English articles published from 1993 to 2023. The keywords were "lymphoplasmacyte-rich (all fields) and meningioma (all fields) and English (lang)" and "lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma (title/abstract) and English (lang)".We further analyzed the clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations, pathological features, treatment strategies, and prognosis of LPM.The possible prognostic indicators were analyzed by the log-rank test and Pearson's chi-squared test. RESULTS: Fourteen reports with 95 LPM patients were included in this report, including 47 males and 48 females who were diagnosed between the ages of 9 and 79, with an average age of 45 years. The most common clinical manifestations are headache and limb movement disorders. In most cases, the tumor occurred on the convex portion of the brain. All tumors showed significant enhancement, with homogeneous enhancement being more common, and most patients showed peritumoral edema. Postoperative pathological EMA, LCA, and vimentin positivity were helpful for the final diagnosis of the patient. Log-rank tests showed a correlation between complete resection and better prognosis and recurrence. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of significant differences in the clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations of LPM compared to other diseases that need to be differentiated, and a clear diagnosis requires pathological examination. After standardized surgical treatment, the recurrence rate and mortality rate of LPM are both low. Complete surgical resection of tumors is associated with a better prognosis and lower recurrence rate.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Femenino , Masculino , Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Meningioma/diagnóstico , Meningioma/epidemiología , Pronóstico , Encéfalo , Bases de Datos Factuales , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Meníngeas/epidemiología
8.
Soft Matter ; 20(20): 4052-4056, 2024 May 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38738402

RESUMEN

Stimuli-responsive upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM)/DNA core-shell microgels with tunable sizes and programmable functions have been prepared. Thanks to the near-infrared (NIR)-responsive UCNP cores and thermosensitive polymeric shells, functional DNA-incorporated microgels with high DNA activity and loading efficiency are obtained, and the activity of the loaded DNA structures can be smartly regulated by NIR illumination and temperature simultaneously.

9.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 63(1): e202311678, 2024 Jan 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37963813

RESUMEN

Due to their sequence-directed functions and excellent biocompatibility, smart DNA microgels have attracted considerable research interest, and the combination of DNA microgels with functional nanostructures can further expand their applications in biosensing and biomedicine. Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) exhibiting both fluidic and metallic properties hold great promise for the development of smart soft materials; in particular, LM particles upon sonication can mediate radical-initiated polymerization reactions, thus allowing the combination of LMs and polymeric matrix to construct "soft-soft" materials. Herein, by forming active surfaces under sonication, LM nanoparticles (LM NPs) initiated localized radical polymerization reactions allow the combination of functional DNA units and different polymeric backbones to yield multifunctional core/shell microgels. The localized polymerization reaction allows fine control of the microgel compositions, and smart DNA microgels with tunable catalytic activities can be constructed. Moreover, due to the excellent photothermal effect of LM NPs, the resulting temperature gradient between microgels and surrounding solution upon NIR light irradiation can drive the oriented locomotion of the microgels, and remote control of the activity of these smart microgels can be achieved. These microgels may hold promise for various applications, such as the development of in vivo and in vitro biosensing and drug delivery systems.


Asunto(s)
Galio , Microgeles , Polímeros de Estímulo Receptivo , Microgeles/química , Polímeros/química , ADN/química
10.
J Am Chem Soc ; 145(49): 27080-27088, 2023 Dec 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38032102

RESUMEN

Allenes are important building blocks, and derivatization of products via cycloadditions of allenes could become a powerful strategy for constructing carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings. However, the development of catalytic site-selective and enantioselective cycloaddition reactions of allenes still presents significant challenges. Here, we report chiral π-Cu(II)-complex-catalyzed isomerization of N-(3-butynoyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole to generate N-allenoylpyrazole in situ and subsequent α,ß-site-selective and enantioselective [3 + 2], [4 + 2], or [2 + 2] cycloaddition or conjugate addition reactions. The asymmetric environment created by the intramolecular π-Cu(II) interactions provides the corresponding adducts in moderate to high yield with excellent enantioselectivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful method for chiral-Lewis-acid-catalyzed tandem isomerization/α,ß-site-selective and enantioselective cycloaddition or conjugate addition reactions of latent non-γ-substituted allenoyl derivative.

11.
Anal Chem ; 95(18): 7195-7201, 2023 05 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37116176

RESUMEN

A rational design of high-efficiency electrocatalysts and thus achieving sensitive electrochemical sensing remains a great challenge. In this work, single-atom indium anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon (In1-N-C) with an In-N4 configuration is prepared successfully through a high-temperature annealing strategy; the product can serve as an advanced electrocatalyst for sensitive electrochemical sensing of dopamine (DA). Compared with In nanoparticle catalysts, In1-N-C exhibits high catalytic performance for DA oxidation. The theoretical calculation reveals that In1-N-C has high adsorption energy for hydroxy groups and a low energy barrier in the process of DA oxidation compared to In nanoparticles, indicating that In1-N-C with atomically dispersed In-N4 sites possesses enhanced intrinsic activity. An electrochemical sensor for DA detection is established as a concept application with high sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, we also verify the feasibility of In1-N-C catalysts for the simultaneous detection of uric acid, ascorbic acid, and DA. This work extends the application prospect of p-block metal single-atom catalysts in electrochemical sensing.


Asunto(s)
Dopamina , Nanopartículas , Indio , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Carbono , Ácido Ascórbico
12.
Small ; 19(27): e2300149, 2023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36967550

RESUMEN

As advanced electrochemical catalysts, single-atom catalysts have made great progress in the field of catalysis and sensing due to their high atomic utilization efficiency and excellent catalytic performance. Herein, stannum-doped copper oxide (CuOSn1 ) nanosheets with single-site SnOCu pairs as active sites are synthesized as electrocatalysts for biological molecule detection. Compared with CuO-based electrochemical sensors, the CuOSn1 -based electrochemical sensors have improved detection sensitivity with a rapid electrochemical response. Theoretical calculation reveals that the single-site SnOCu pairs induced interfacial electronic transfer effect can strengthen hydroxy adsorption and thus reduce the energy barrier of the biological molecule oxidation process. As a concept application, electrochemical detection of dopamine and uric acid molecules is achieved, exhibiting satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity. This work demonstrates the advantages of single-site SnOCu pairs in electrochemical catalysis and sensing, which provides theoretical guidance for understanding the structure-activity relationship for sensitive electrochemical sensing.

13.
Mol Psychiatry ; 27(12): 4881-4892, 2022 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36117214

RESUMEN

Exaggerated startle has been recognized as a core hyperarousal symptom of multiple fear-related anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder. However, the mechanisms driving this symptom are poorly understood. Here we reveal a neural projection from dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) to a startle-controlling center reticulotegmental nucleus (RtTg) that mediates enhanced startle response under fear condition. Within RtTg, we identify an inhibitory microcircuit comprising GABAergic neurons in pericentral RtTg (RtTgP) and glutamatergic neurons in central RtTg (RtTgC). Inhibition of this RtTgP-RtTgC microcircuit leads to elevated startle amplitudes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the conditioned fear-activated DRN 5-HTergic neurons send inhibitory projections to RtTgP GABAergic neurons, which in turn upregulate neuronal activities of RtTgC glutamatergic neurons. Chemogenetic activation of the DRN-RtTgP projections mimics the increased startle response under fear emotions. Moreover, conditional deletion of 5-HT1B receptor from RtTgP GABAergic neurons largely reverses the exaggeration of startle during conditioned fear. Thus, our study establishes the disinhibitory DRN-RtTgP-RtTgC circuit as a critical mechanism underlying exaggerated startle under fear emotions, and provides 5-HT1B receptor as a potential therapeutic target for treating hyperarousal symptom in fear-associated psychiatric disorders.


Asunto(s)
Miedo , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1B , Núcleo Dorsal del Rafe , Miedo/fisiología , Neuronas GABAérgicas/metabolismo , Neuronas GABAérgicas/fisiología , Mesencéfalo/metabolismo , Mesencéfalo/fisiología , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1B/genética , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1B/metabolismo , Reflejo de Sobresalto/fisiología , Animales , Ratones
14.
BMC Public Health ; 23(1): 10, 2023 01 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36597111

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the electronics manufacturing industry and to investigate the relations between work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and work-related variables. METHODS: An interview-based questionnaire survey was carried out in thirty electronics manufacturing factories in China in 2018. The prevalence of WMSDs was estimated using the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the effects of risk factors on WMSDs on multiple body parts. RESULTS: The 12-month prevalence of WMSDs among participants was 40.6%, and the common body sites affected were the neck (26.8%), shoulder (22.8%), upper back (14.9%), and lower back (14.8%). The results of logistic regression showed that female adults, > 5 job tenure and work-related factors (including awkward posture, lifting or carrying weights, excessive repetition, prolonged sitting, monotonous work and working under conditions of cold or temperature variations) led to a higher risk of WMSDs on most body parts. Upper back, wrist/hand and elbow pain levels were significantly higher for workers with vibration. However, more frequently, physical exercise was a protective factor against WMSDs on most body parts except the upper back, leg and knee. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the electronics manufacturing industry in China. Different personal and work factors are related to the occurrence of WMSD on different body parts. Preventive measures should be implemented based on the characteristics of WMSD in the electronic manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the training and intervention guidance of ergonomic hazards in the workplace need to be strengthened by understanding the impact of bad posture, avoiding long-term sitting posture and increasing physical activities.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas , Dolor Musculoesquelético , Enfermedades Profesionales , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/epidemiología , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Dolor Musculoesquelético/epidemiología , Ergonomía , China/epidemiología , Electrónica
15.
Sensors (Basel) ; 23(3)2023 Jan 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36772384

RESUMEN

The use of mobile phones has become one of the major threats to road safety, especially in young novice drivers. To avoid crashes induced by distraction, adaptive distraction mitigation systems have been developed that can determine how to detect a driver's distraction state. A driving simulator experiment was conducted in this paper to better explore the relationship between drivers' cognitive distractions and traffic safety, and to better analyze the mechanism of distracting effects on young drivers during the driving process. A total of 36 participants were recruited and asked to complete an n-back memory task while following the lead vehicle. Drivers' vehicle control behavior was collected, and an ANOVA was conducted on both lateral driving performance and longitudinal driving performance. Indicators from three aspects, i.e., lateral indicators only, longitudinal indicators only, and combined lateral and longitudinal indicators, were inputted into both SVM and random forest models, respectively. Results demonstrated that the SVM model with parameter optimization outperformed the random forest model in all aspects, among which the genetic algorithm had the best parameter optimization effect. For both lateral and longitudinal indicators, the identification effect of lateral indicators was better than that of longitudinal indicators, probably because drivers are more inclined to control the vehicle in lateral operation when they were cognitively distracted. Overall, the comprehensive model built in this paper can effectively identify the distracted state of drivers and provide theoretical support for control strategies of driving distraction.


Asunto(s)
Conducción de Automóvil , Conducción Distraída , Humanos , Atención , Máquina de Vectores de Soporte , Bosques Aleatorios , Cognición , Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control
16.
Sensors (Basel) ; 23(7)2023 Mar 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37050546

RESUMEN

Automated vehicles are expected to greatly boost traffic efficiency. However, how to estimate traffic breakdown probability for the mixed flow of autonomous vehicles and human driven vehicles around ramping areas remains to be answered. In this paper, we propose a stochastic temporal queueing model to reliably depict the queue dynamics of mixed traffic flow at ramping bottlenecks. The new model is a specified Newell's car-following model that allows two kinds of vehicle velocities and first-in-first-out (FIFO) queueing behaviors. The jam queue join time is supposed to be a random variable for human driven vehicles but a constant for automated vehicles. Different from many known models, we check the occurrence of significant velocity drop along the road instead of examining the duration of the simulated jam queue so as to avoid drawing the wrong conclusions of traffic breakdown. Monte Carlo simulation results show that the generated breakdown probability curves for pure human driven vehicles agree well with empirical observations. Having noticed that various driving strategy of automated vehicles exist, we carry out further analysis to show that the chosen car-following strategy of automated vehicles characterizes the breakdown probabilities. Further tests indicate that when the penetration rate of automated vehicles is larger than 20%, the traffic breakdown probability curve of the mixed traffic will be noticeably shifted rightward, if an appropriate car-following strategy is applied. This indicates the potential benefit of automated vehicles in improving traffic efficiency.

17.
Cell Tissue Bank ; 24(1): 93-107, 2023 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35687263

RESUMEN

M2 macrophages-derived extracellular vesicles (M2-EVs) serve as a tool for the delivery of miRNAs and play an anti-inflammatory role in diseases. This study sought to explore the role of (M2-EVs) in the proliferation and inflammatory responses of IL-1ß-stimulated chondrocytes. M2 macrophages were induced and characterized, followed by isolation and characterization of M2-EVs. Chondrocytes were treated with 10 ng/mL IL-1ß and co-cultured with M2 macrophages transfected with Cy3-labeled miR-370-3p. Cell viability, TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, IL(Interleukin)-18, IL-10, miR-370-3p, and sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility-group box transcription factor 11 (SOX11) mRNA were determined via cell counting assay kit, colony formation, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. The binding relationship between miR-370-3p and SOX11 was testified via the dual-luciferase assay. The functional rescue experiment was designed to confirm the role of SOX11. M2-EVs improved chondrocyte viability and colony formation, lowered TNF-α and IL-18, and elevated IL-10. M2-EVs delivered miR-370-3p into chondrocytes to upregulate miR-370-3p. Upregulation of miR-370-3p in M2-EVs enhanced the protective role of M2-EVs in chondrocytes. miR-370-3p inhibited SOX11 transcription. SOX11 overexpression attenuated the protective role of M2-EVs in chondrocytes. Overall, our findings suggested that M2-EVs promote proliferation and suppress inflammatory responses in IL-1ß-stimulated chondrocytes via the miR-370-3p/SOX11 axis.


Asunto(s)
Vesículas Extracelulares , MicroARNs , Condrocitos/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Apoptosis
18.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(22)2023 Nov 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38003390

RESUMEN

Protein lactylation is a newly discovered posttranslational modification (PTM) and is involved in multiple biological processes, both in mammalian cells and rice grains. However, the function of lysine lactylation remains unexplored in wheat. In this study, we performed the first comparative proteomes and lysine lactylomes during seed germination of wheat. In total, 8000 proteins and 927 lactylated sites in 394 proteins were identified at 0 and 12 h after imbibition (HAI). Functional enrichment analysis showed that glycolysis- and TCA-cycle-related proteins were significantly enriched, and more differentially lactylated proteins were enriched in up-regulated lactylated proteins at 12 HAI vs. 0 HAI through the KEGG pathway and protein domain enrichment analysis compared to down-regulated lactylated proteins. Meanwhile, ten particularly preferred amino acids near lactylation sites were found in the embryos of germinated seeds: AA*KlaT, A***KlaD********A, KlaA**T****K, K******A*Kla, K*Kla********K, KlaA******A, Kla*A, KD****Kla, K********Kla and KlaG. These results supplied a comprehensive profile of lysine lactylation of wheat and indicated that protein lysine lactylation played important functions in several biological processes.


Asunto(s)
Lisina , Triticum , Lisina/metabolismo , Triticum/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Semillas/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo
19.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(7)2023 Mar 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37047220

RESUMEN

As the primary site for the biotransformation of drugs, the liver is the most focused on organ type in pharmaceutical research. However, despite being widely used in pharmaceutical research, animal models have inherent species differences, while two-dimensional (2D) liver cell monocultures or co-cultures and three-dimensional (3D) liver cell monoculture in vitro liver models do not sufficiently represent the complexity of the human liver's structure and function, making the evaluation results from these tools less reliable. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop more representative in vitro liver models for pharmaceutical research. Fortunately, an exciting new development in recent years has been the emergence of 3D liver cell co-culture models. These models hold great promise as in vitro pharmaceutical research tools, because they can reproduce liver structure and function more practically. This review begins by explaining the structure and main cell composition of the liver, before introducing the potential advantages of 3D cell co-culture liver models for pharmaceutical research. We also discuss the main sources of hepatocytes and the 3D cell co-culture methods used in constructing these models. In addition, we explore the applications of 3D cell co-culture liver models with different functional states and suggest prospects for their further development.


Asunto(s)
Investigación Farmacéutica , Animales , Humanos , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Hígado , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/métodos
20.
BMC Plant Biol ; 22(1): 457, 2022 Sep 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36151520

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Pinellia ternata is an important traditional medicine in China, and its growth is regulated by the transcriptome or proteome. Lysine crotonylation, a newly identified and important type of posttranslational modification, plays a key role in many aspects of cell metabolism. However, little is known about its functions in Pinellia ternata. RESULTS: In this study, we generated a global crotonylome analysis of Pinellia ternata and examined its overlap with lysine succinylation. A total of 2106 crotonylated sites matched on 1006 proteins overlapping in three independent tests were identified, and we found three specific amino acids surrounding crotonylation sites in Pinellia ternata: KcrF, K***Y**Kcr and Kcr****R. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that two crucial alkaloid biosynthesis-related enzymes and many stress-related proteins were also highly crotonylated. Furthermore, several enzymes participating in carbohydrate metabolism pathways were found to exhibit both lysine crotonylation and succinylation modifications. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that lysine crotonylation performs important functions in many biological processes in Pinellia ternata, especially in the biosynthesis of alkaloids, and some metabolic pathways are simultaneously regulated by lysine crotonylation and succinylation.


Asunto(s)
Alcaloides , Pinellia , Lisina/metabolismo , Pinellia/genética , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Proteoma/metabolismo
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