Progress in the treatment of Osteoarthritis with avocado-soybean unsaponifiable.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of joint dysfunction and disability in the elderly, posing serious social problems and a huge socio-economic burden. Existing pharmacological treatments have significant drawbacks, and searching for an effective pharmacological intervention is an urgent priority. Recent studies have demonstrated the chondroprotective, anabolic, and anti-catabolic properties of avocado-soybean unsaponifiable (ASU), a natural plant extract made from avocado and soybean oils, consisting of the remainder of the saponified portion of the product that cannot be made into soap. The main components of ASU are phytosterols, beta-sitosterol, canola stanols, and soya stanols, which are rapidly incorporated into cells. Studies have confirmed the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties of phytosterols. ASU slows down the progression of OA primarily by inhibiting pathways involved in the development of OA disease. ASU prevents cartilage degradation by inhibiting the release and activity of matrix metalloproteinases and by increasing the tissue inhibition of these catabolic enzymes; ASU is also involved in the inhibition of the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) which is a transcriptional inhibitor that regulates the inflammatory response of chondrocytes. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the inflammatory response of chondrocytes, and inhibition of the transfer of the transcription factor NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus regulates the transcription of many pro-inflammatory factors. By appealing to the mechanism of action and thus achieving anti-inflammatory, anti-catabolic, and pro-synthetic effects on cartilage tissues, AUS is clinically responsive to the reduction of acute pain and OA symptom progression. This paper aims to summarize the studies on the use of avocado-soybean unsaponifiable in the pharmacological treatment of osteoarticular.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a protective factor against Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causal relationship between RA and AD remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between RA and AD. METHODS: Using publicly available genome-wide association study datasets, bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR‒Egger regression, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. RESULTS: The results of MR for the causal effect of RA on AD (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 0.959, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.941-0.978, P = 2.752E-05; weighted median, OR = 0.960, 95% CI: 0.937-0.984, P = 0.001) revealed a causal association between genetic susceptibility to RA and an increased risk of AD. The results of MR for the causal effect of AD on RA (IVW, OR = 0.978, 95% CI: 0.906-1.056, P = 0.576; weighted median, OR = 0.966, 95% CI: 0.894-1.043, P = 0.382) indicated that there was no causal association between genetic susceptibility to AD and an increased risk of RA. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this two-way two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a causal association between genetic susceptibility to RA and a reduced risk of AD but did not reveal a causal association between genetic susceptibility to AD and an increased or reduced risk of RA.

Meta-analysis of outcomes after total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in functional scores and the incidence of complications after TKA between RA and osteoarthritis. The PubMed, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for all clinical studies up to 15 March 2023 comparing outcomes after total knee replacement in patients with RA and OA, with two review authors independently screening the literature. A total of 7,820,115 (knee-counted) cases were included in 34 studies. The results of meta-analysis showed that the scores of the RA group were lower than that of the osteoarthritis group in the postoperative knee joint score [MD=-2.72,95%CI(-5.06,-0.38),P=0.02] and the postoperative knee joint function score [MD=-11.47,95%CI(-16.55,-6.39),P<0.00001], and the difference was statistically significant. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (OR=0.84,95%CI(0.79,0.90),P<0.00001) and pulmonary embolism (OR=0.84,95%CI(0.78,0.91),P<0.00001) were significantly lower in RA than in osteoarthritis (P<0.00001). Compared with patients with osteoarthritis, patients with rheumatoid arthritis have lower knee society scores and functional scores after total knee arthroplasty, and a higher risk of prosthetic infection, loosening, and revision, but TKA can still effectively reduce pain in RA patients, Improve function and quality of life without increasing the risk of lower extremity venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Therefore, total knee replacement can be used as a treatment option for patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have not responded to conservative treatment. Patients should fully understand the benefits and possible risks of total knee replacement and develop an individualized treatment plan.

The safety and efficacy of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in outpatient surgical centers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment method for knee osteoarthritis. With the development and implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery, UKA is now increasingly performed in outpatient surgical centers. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the safety and effectiveness of performing UKA in outpatient settings. METHODS: The search was performed to retrieve randomized controlled trials and cohort studies on outpatient UKA from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, and WanFangData databases. The search was conducted from the inception of the databases until August 31, 2023. After independent screening, data extraction, and risk of bias evaluation by two researchers, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of eight studies involving 18,411 patients were included. The results showed that the postoperative transfusion rate in the outpatient group was lower than that in the inpatient group [OR = 0.36, 95%CI (0.24, 0.54), p < 0.00001], and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of readmission rate, reoperation rate, surgical site infection, and periprosthetic fracture. The differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Compared to the traditional inpatient route, the blood transfusion rate for single-condyle replacement in the outpatient operation center is lower, and there is no significant difference in readmission rate, reoperation rate, surgical site infection, and periprosthesis fracture. The outpatient approach to UKA is safe, feasible, and highly satisfactory for patients. However, the results have certain limitations, and a rigorous preoperative complication risk assessment can minimize the risk of UKA in outpatient surgery centers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO number CRD42023405373.

Impact of preoperative anemia on patients undergoing total joint replacement of lower extremity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Preoperative anemia increases postoperative morbidity, mortality, and the risk of allogeneic transfusion. However, the incidence of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its relationship to postoperative outcomes has not been previously reported. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature search through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Sincien, and Embase from inception to July 2023 to investigate the prevalence of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty, comorbidities between anemic and non-anemicpatients before surgery, and postoperative outcomes. postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Overall prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity between studies was examined by Cochran's Q test and quantified by the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and validated by Egger's test. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies with 369,101 samples were included, all of which were retrospective cohort studies. 3 studies were of high quality and 18 studies were of moderate quality. The results showed that the prevalence of preoperative anemia was 22% in patients awaiting arthroplasty; subgroup analyses revealed that the prevalence of preoperative anemia was highest in patients awaiting revision of total knee arthroplasty; the highest prevalence of preoperative anemia was found in the Americas; preoperative anemia was more prevalent in the female than in the male population; and preoperative anemia with a history of preoperative anemia was more common in the female than in the male population. patients with a history of preoperative anemia; patients with joint replacement who had a history of preoperative anemia had an increased risk of infection, postoperative blood transfusion rate, postoperative blood transfusion, Deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs, days in hospital, readmission within three months, and mortality compared with patients who did not have preoperative anemia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of preoperative anemia in patients awaiting total joint arthroplasty is 22%, and is higher in TKA and female patients undergoing revision, while preoperative anemia is detrimental to the patient's postoperative recovery and will increase the risk of postoperative complications, transfusion rates, days in the hospital, readmission rates, and mortality.

Minimally invasive medial femoral approach to total knee arthroplasty improves short-term outcomes compared to the standard medial parapatellar approach: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the medial parapatellar approach via the vastus medialis obliquus muscle in comparison with the standard medial parapatellar approach for total knee arthroplasty, using a systematic approach. METHODS: A computer search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane libraries, and Web of Science databases to comprehensively collect randomized controlled studies on minimally invasive (MMV) approaches for knee arthroplasty, specifically the vastus and medial parapatellar (MP) approaches. Two authors independently screened the literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated the quality of the included studies using the Cochrane systematic review method, and performed a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of twelve randomized controlled studies were ultimately included, comprising 788 knees. The small incision medial femoral muscle approach (MMV) group consisted of 398 cases, while the traditional parapatellar approach (MP) group consisted of 390 cases. Data analysis showed that in the comparison of KSS, VAS, and ROM score at 3 months after surgery, MMV approach was superior to MP approach [MD = 2.89, 95%CI (0.33, 5.46), P = 0.03], [MD = - 0.22, 95%CI (- 0.36, - 0.09), P = 0.001], and [MD = 1.08, 95%CI (0.04, 2.12), P = 0.04]. However, there was no significant difference in the postoperative KSS, VAS, and ROM score between the MMV and MP approaches at 6 and 12 months after surgery. The operation time of the MMV group was longer than that of the MP group [MD = 8.98, 95%CI (4.64, 13.32), P < 0.0001], and the number of days of straight leg raising after surgery was shorter in the MMV group than in the MP group [MD = - 1.91, 95%CI (- 3.45, - 0.37), P = 0.01], with statistically significant differences. There was no significant difference in the lateral support band release rate [OR = 0.72, 95%CI (0.23, 2.28), P = 0.58], length of hospital stay [MD = 0.07, 95%CI (- 0.18, 0.31), P = 0.58], postoperative complications [MD = 0.62, 95%CI (0.33, 1.18), P = 0.15], and intraoperative blood loss [MD = 70.50, 95%CI (- 57.51, 198.72), P = 0.28]. CONCLUSION: Most of the approaches have similar length of stay and incidence of complications compared to standard approaches. However, the minimally invasive midvastus approach has shown potential to improve short-term outcomes. STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number CRD42023410583.

[Research progress of functional alignment robot assisted knee replacement].

The correct alignment of the knee joint is considered to be one of the most influential factors in determining the long-term prognosis after total knee arthroplasty(TKA). In order to achieve the correct alignment goal, many different alignment concepts and surgical techniques have been established. For example, mechanical alignment(MA), kinematic alignment(KA) and functional alignment(FA) have their own characteristics. MA focuses on achieving neutral alignment of the limbs, parallel and equal bone gaps during stretching and flexion. KA aims to restore the patient 's natural joint line, make the joint level and angle normal and improve the physiological soft tissue balance, and strive to reproduce the normal knee function;among them, functional alignment(FA) developed with robot-assisted surgery technology is a relatively new alignment concept. It not only considers the alignment of the body, but also aims to achieve flexion and extension balance, while respecting the native soft tissue capsule. It not only restores the plane and slope of the in situ joint line accurately during the operation, but also takes into account the balance of soft tissue, which is a better alignment method. Therefore, it is of great significance to correctly construct the lower limb force line of patients, which is helpful to restore knee joint function, relieve pain symptoms and prolong the service life of prosthesi. However, compared with traditional TKA, the operation time of robot-assisted FA-TKA is prolonged, which means that the probability of postoperative infection will be greater. At present, most studies of FA technology report short-term results, and the long-term efficacy of patients is not clear. Therefore, long-term research results are needed to support the application of this technology. Therefore, the author makes a review on the research status of functional alignment.

Efficacy and safety of single- and double-dose intravenous tranexamic acid in hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: With the increasing prevalence of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee, total joint replacement, the end-stage treatment, provides pain relief and restoration of function, but is often associated with massive blood loss. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been reported to reduce perioperative blood loss in hip or knee arthroplasty. However, the optimal dose of TXA administration remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis combining data from 5 trials comparing the efficacy and safety of one fixed dose of 1 g intravenously administered TXA with two doses of 1 g each administered intravenously for hip or knee arthroplasty. METHODS: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were searched from January 2000 to February 2023. Our meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies comparing the efficacy and safety of different doses of intravenous TXA (IV-TXA) for THA or TKA. The observation endpoints included total blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin drop, blood transfusion rate, length of hospital stay, incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE). Meta-analysis was performed according to Cochrane's guidelines and PRISMA statement. The Danish RevMan5.3 software was used for data merging. RESULTS: Five cohort studies involving 5542 patients met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed that the two groups were significantly higher in total blood loss (mean difference (MD) = - 65.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) [- 131.46, 0.26], P = 0.05); blood transfusion rate (risk difference (RD) = 0.00, 95% CI [- 0.01, 0.02], P = 0.55); postoperative hemoglobin (MD = 0.02, 95% CI [- 0.09, 0.13], P = 0.31); postoperative hospital stay days (MD = - 0.13), 95% CI [- 0.35, 0.09], P = 0.25); DVT (RD = 0.00, 95% CI [- 0.00, 0.01], P = 0.67); PE (RD = 0.00, 95% CI [- 0.01, 0.00], P = 0.79). There was some inherent heterogeneity due to variance in sample size across each major study. CONCLUSION: 1 dose of 1 g and 2 doses of 1 g IV-TXA each time have similar effects on reducing blood loss, blood transfusion rate, postoperative hemoglobin level, and postoperative hospital stay after TKA or THA, without increasing the risk of postoperative complications risk. For patients at high risk of thromboembolic events, one dose of 1 g TXA throughout surgery may be preferred. However, higher-quality RCT is needed to explore the optimal protocol dose to recommend the widespread use of TXA in total joint arthroplasty. Trial registration We conducted literature selection, eligibility criteria evaluation, data extraction and analysis on the research program registered in Prospero (CRD42023405387) on March 16, 2023.

MODIFIED STOPPA APPROACH FOR PELVIC AND ACETABULAR FRACTURE TREATMENT.

OBJECTIVE: A retrospective review aims to investigate the operative methods and therapeutic effects of the modified Stoppa approach for treating pelvic and acetabular fractures. METHODS: 18 patients with acetabular fracture of the anterior column and pelvic anterior ring fracture underwent surgical treatment using the modified Stoppa approach. Some of the treatment was combined with the iliac fossa approach or rear K-L approach. Fracture reduction and postoperative function were evaluated using the Matta scoring standard and the Majeed scoring system. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine system was used to grade the literature review and create graded B recommendations. RESULTS: Incision length was 6-12 cm (mean, 10 cm), operative duration was 50-150 minutes (mean, 85 minutes), and intraoperative blood loss volume was 400-1,000 ml (mean, 500 ml). 18 patients were followed up for 12-36 months post-operation. In the results of X-ray films, 12 cases were anatomical reductions and the remaining cases were satisfactory reductions. According to Majeed standard, 13 patients were excellent and five patients were good. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment using the modified Stoppa approach was suitable for anterior approaches, in which pelvic and acetabular fractures were sufficiently exposed, the fracture was conveniently reduced, less complications occurred, and curative effect was satisfactory. Level of evidence III, Retrospective comparative study.

OBJETIVO: Uma revisão retrospectiva tem como objetivo investigar os métodos operatórios e efeitos terapêuticos da abordagem modificada de Stoppa para o tratamento de fraturas pélvicas e acetabulares. MÉTODOS: 18 pacientes com fratura acetabular da coluna anterior e fratura do anel anterior pélvico foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico utilizando a abordagem de Stoppa modificada. Parte do tratamento foi feita em conjunto com a abordagem da fossa ilíaca ou com a abordagem pelo acesso posterior de K-L. A redução da fratura e a função pós-operatória foram avaliadas pelo padrão de pontuação de Matta e o sistema de pontuação de Majeed. O sistema do Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine foi usado para classificar a revisão de literatura e criar as recomendações de grau B. RESULTADOS: O comprimento da incisão foi de 6 a 12 cm (média de 10 cm), a duração da cirurgia foi de 50 a 150 minutos (média de 85 minutos) e o volume de perda sanguínea intraoperatória foi de 400 a 1.000 ml (média de 500 ml). 18 pacientes foram acompanhados por 12-36 meses após a operação. Nos resultados dos filmes radiográficos, 12 casos foram de reduções anatômicas e os demais casos foram de reduções satisfatórias. De acordo com o padrão de Majeed, 13 pacientes foram considerados excelentes e cinco pacientes foram considerados bons. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento que utilizou a abordagem de Stoppa modificada foi adequado para abordagens anteriores, nas quais as fraturas pélvicas e acetabulares estavam suficientemente expostas, a fratura foi convenientemente reduzida, ocorreram menos complicações e o efeito curativo foi satisfatório. Nível de evidencia III, Estudo retrospectivo comparativo.

The effects of total hip arthroplasty in treating hip bony fusion in young and middle-aged patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the curative effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in treating hip bony fusion for young and middle-aged patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS: The clinical data of 26 young and middle-aged patients with AS (31 coxae), who were treated with THA and followed-up for more than 3 years in the period between February 1998 and May 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 22 patients were male (25 coxae) and 4 patients were female (6 coxae). Patients' age ranged within 19-50 years old, with an average of 31.5 years old. The intervals from arthroplasty to the occurrence of hip joint lesions caused by AS ranged within 2-26 years, with an average of 11.2 years. The average Harris score before the surgery was 19.0 ± 11.5 points. RESULTS: Femoral proximal cleavage fracture occurred in one coxa during the surgery and was fixed by the steel wire cerclage. Sciatic nerve traction injury occurred in one coxa after the surgery, which recovered after 6 months. Posterior hip dislocation occurred in one coxa and was immediately treated with manual reduction. All patients were followed-up, and follow-up duration ranged within 36-123 months, with an average of 46.5 months. In the last follow-up, the average Harris score was 87.1 ± 13.1 points, total passive range of motion was 215.0 ± 22.0°, and passive range of flexion was 90.8 ± 9.3°. All these indexes significantly increased compared with pretreatment (P < 0.01). A periacetabular radiolucent line occurred in one coxa with a width of < 2 mm, and no femoral radiolucent line was found during follow-ups in any patient. Heterotopic ossification occurred in four coxae. CONCLUSION: THA treatment for hip bony fusion caused by AS can achieve satisfactory hip function recovery and excellent prosthesis survival rate.

Modified stoppa approach for pelvic and acetabular fracture treatment / Stoppa modificada para tratamento de fraturas pélvicas e acetabulares

ABSTRACT Objective: A retrospective review aims to investigate the operative methods and therapeutic effects of the modified Stoppa approach for treating pelvic and acetabular fractures. Methods: 18 patients with acetabular fracture of the anterior column and pelvic anterior ring fracture underwent surgical treatment using the modified Stoppa approach. Some of the treatment was combined with the iliac fossa approach or rear K-L approach. Fracture reduction and postoperative function were evaluated using the Matta scoring standard and the Majeed scoring system. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine system was used to grade the literature review and create graded B recommendations. Results: Incision length was 6-12 cm (mean, 10 cm), operative duration was 50-150 minutes (mean, 85 minutes), and intraoperative blood loss volume was 400-1,000 ml (mean, 500 ml). 18 patients were followed up for 12-36 months post-operation. In the results of X-ray films, 12 cases were anatomical reductions and the remaining cases were satisfactory reductions. According to Majeed standard, 13 patients were excellent and five patients were good. Conclusions: Treatment using the modified Stoppa approach was suitable for anterior approaches, in which pelvic and acetabular fractures were sufficiently exposed, the fracture was conveniently reduced, less complications occurred, and curative effect was satisfactory. Level of evidence III, Retrospective comparative study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Uma revisão retrospectiva tem como objetivo investigar os métodos operatórios e efeitos terapêuticos da abordagem modificada de Stoppa para o tratamento de fraturas pélvicas e acetabulares. Métodos: 18 pacientes com fratura acetabular da coluna anterior e fratura do anel anterior pélvico foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico utilizando a abordagem de Stoppa modificada. Parte do tratamento foi feita em conjunto com a abordagem da fossa ilíaca ou com a abordagem pelo acesso posterior de K-L. A redução da fratura e a função pós-operatória foram avaliadas pelo padrão de pontuação de Matta e o sistema de pontuação de Majeed. O sistema do Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine foi usado para classificar a revisão de literatura e criar as recomendações de grau B. Resultados: O comprimento da incisão foi de 6 a 12 cm (média de 10 cm), a duração da cirurgia foi de 50 a 150 minutos (média de 85 minutos) e o volume de perda sanguínea intraoperatória foi de 400 a 1.000 ml (média de 500 ml). 18 pacientes foram acompanhados por 12-36 meses após a operação. Nos resultados dos filmes radiográficos, 12 casos foram de reduções anatômicas e os demais casos foram de reduções satisfatórias. De acordo com o padrão de Majeed, 13 pacientes foram considerados excelentes e cinco pacientes foram considerados bons. Conclusões: O tratamento que utilizou a abordagem de Stoppa modificada foi adequado para abordagens anteriores, nas quais as fraturas pélvicas e acetabulares estavam suficientemente expostas, a fratura foi convenientemente reduzida, ocorreram menos complicações e o efeito curativo foi satisfatório. Nível de evidencia III, Estudo retrospectivo comparativo.

Immunosuppressive effect of curcumin on skin transplantation in mice / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the immunosuppressive effect ofcurcumin on xenogenic skin transplantation in mice.Methods The skin transplantation model was established by an operation,tergal skin flaps from BALB/c donor mice transplanted to the back of C57BL/6 recipient mice.Then recipient mice were divided into five groups at random,namely sham,model,curcumin (50 mg/kg),Cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg) and curcumin + Cyclosporin A (50 mg/kg + 5 mg/kg).All mice were ip administered once daily for 10 d.The survival days of skin graft were recorded in all groups.The interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in plasma of all mice were determined by ELISA 4 and 8 d after the operation,respectively.Results The mean survival time of skin graft in curcumin,Cyclosporin A and curcumin + Cyclosporin A groups were 14.77,16.81 and 19.96 d,respectively,which showed significant.differences comparing with 12.10 d of model group (P ＜ 0.01).Combination of curcumin and Cyclosporin A administration showed a longer mean survival days than curcumin or Cyclosporin A group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The IL-2 levels in plasma of mice in curcumin,Cyclosporin A and curcumin + Cyclosporin A groups on postoperative day 4 were 3.68,2.05 and 2.70 ng/mL,respectively,which were significantly reduced than 4.76 ng/mL of model group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The IL-2 levels in plasma of mice in curcumin,Cyclosporin A and combination of curcumin and Cyclosporin A groups on postoperative day 8 were 4.06,2.11 and 2.95 ng/mL,respectively,which were significantly reduced than 5.85 ng/mL of model group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Curcumin may have a good immunosuppressive effect on mice with xenogenic skin transplantation.

Immunosuppressive effect of curcumin on skin transplantation in mice / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the immunosuppressive effect ofcurcumin on xenogenic skin transplantation in mice.Methods The skin transplantation model was established by an operation,tergal skin flaps from BALB/c donor mice transplanted to the back of C57BL/6 recipient mice.Then recipient mice were divided into five groups at random,namely sham,model,curcumin (50 mg/kg),Cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg) and curcumin + Cyclosporin A (50 mg/kg + 5 mg/kg).All mice were ip administered once daily for 10 d.The survival days of skin graft were recorded in all groups.The interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in plasma of all mice were determined by ELISA 4 and 8 d after the operation,respectively.Results The mean survival time of skin graft in curcumin,Cyclosporin A and curcumin + Cyclosporin A groups were 14.77,16.81 and 19.96 d,respectively,which showed significant.differences comparing with 12.10 d of model group (P ＜ 0.01).Combination of curcumin and Cyclosporin A administration showed a longer mean survival days than curcumin or Cyclosporin A group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The IL-2 levels in plasma of mice in curcumin,Cyclosporin A and curcumin + Cyclosporin A groups on postoperative day 4 were 3.68,2.05 and 2.70 ng/mL,respectively,which were significantly reduced than 4.76 ng/mL of model group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The IL-2 levels in plasma of mice in curcumin,Cyclosporin A and combination of curcumin and Cyclosporin A groups on postoperative day 8 were 4.06,2.11 and 2.95 ng/mL,respectively,which were significantly reduced than 5.85 ng/mL of model group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Curcumin may have a good immunosuppressive effect on mice with xenogenic skin transplantation.

Cellphone electromagnetic radiation damages the testicular ultrastructure of male rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the influence of cellphone electromagnetic radiation (CER) on the testicular ultrastructure and the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in male rats.atability, feasibility, applicability, and controllability in the construction of experimental animal models, we compared the major anatomic features of the penis of 20 adult beagle dogs with those of 10 adult men. Using microsurgical techniques, we performed cross-transplantation of the penis in the 20 (10 pairs) beagle dogs and observed the survival rate of the transplanted penises by FK506+MMF+MP immune induction. We compared the relevant indexes with those of the 10 cases of microsurgical replantation of the amputated penis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty adult male SD rats were equally randomized into a 2 h CER, a 4 h CER, and a normal control group, the former two groups exposed to 30 days of 900 MHz CER for 2 and 4 hours a day, respectively, while the latter left untreated. Then the changes in the ultrastructure of the testis tissue were observed under the transmission electron microscope and the apoptosis of the spermatogenic cells was determined by TUNEL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal controls, the rats of the 2 h CER group showed swollen basement membrane of seminiferous tubules, separated tight junction of Sertoli cells, increased cell intervals, apparent vacuoles and medullization in some mitochondria, and increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, mainly the apoptosis of primary spermatocytes (P<0.05 ). In comparison with the 2 h CER group, the animals of the 4 h CER group exhibited swollen basement membrane of seminiferous tubules, more separated tight junction of Sertoli cells, wider cell intervals, incomplete membrane of spermatogonial cells, fragments of cytoplasm, nuclear pyknosis and notch, slight dilation of perinuclear space, abnormalities of intracellular mitochondria with vacuoles, fuzzy structure, and fusion or disappearance of some cristae, and increased damage of mitochondria and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, including the apoptosis of spermatogonial cells, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes (P<0.05 ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CER can damage the testicular ultrastructure and increase the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells of the male rat in a time-dependent manner, and the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells may be associated with the damage to mitochondria.</p>

Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mast cells tryptase in asthmatic guinea pigs

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the mast cell tryptase (MCT) in asthmatic guinea pigs.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 male or female healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group (group A), asthmatic group (group B), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 group (group C), with 20 cases in each group. To establish asthmatic guinea pig models, 1 mL peanut oil was filled into stomach in the morning in group A and group B, and 1 mL peanut oil with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was filled into stomach in group C. Airway resistance (Re) of asthmatic guinea pigs was detected, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells were counted. Lung tissue with HE and MCT immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissue and the distribution of MCT.@*RESULTS@#After injection of different concentration of acetylcholine chloride, the Re in group B and group C were increased significantly compared with group A (P < 0.05); compared with group B, the Re in group C were decreased significantly (t = -5.385, -5.761, -6.184, -13.574, P < 0.05); the total number of BALF cells and eosinophils were increased significantly in group B and C (t = 19.618, 9.598, 10.854, 5.388, P < 0.05); compared with group B, the total number of BALF cells and eosinophils in group C was decreased significantly (t = -5.555, -5.392, P < 0.05); the number of tryptase positive cells in group B was increased significantly than that in group A (t = 21.312, P < 0.05), and in addition to the alveolar septum and submucosa, the cells were also distributed around blood vessels and outside the cells; the number of tryptase positive cells in group C was decreased significantly compared with group B, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 5.043, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#After the asthmatic guinea pigs are treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, their BALF, Re, infiltration degree of inflammatory cells in the trachea and lung tissue and airway inflammatory reaction are reduced significantly. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has a certain inhibiting effect on the activation of mast cells and the release of MCT granules.

Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mast cells tryptase in asthmatic guinea pigs

Objective: To explore the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the mast cell tryptase (MCT) in asthmatic guinea pigs. Methods: A total of 60 male or female healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group (group A), asthmatic group (group B), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 group (group C), with 20 cases in each group. To establish asthmatic guinea pig models, 1mL peanut oil was filled into stomach in the morning in group A and group B, and 1mL peanut oil with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was filled into stomach in group C. Airway resistance (Re) of asthmatic guinea pigs was detected, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells were counted. Lung tissue with HE and MCT immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissue and the distribution of MCT. Results: After injection of different concentration of acetylcholine chloride, the Re in group B and group C were increased significantly compared with group A (P<0.05); compared with group B, the Re in group C were decreased significantly (t=-5.385,-5.761,-6.184,-13.574, P<0.05); the total number of BALF cells and eosinophils were increased significantly in group B and C (t=19.618, 9.598, 10.854, 5.388, P<0.05); compared with group B, the total number of BALF cells and eosinophils in group C was decreased significantly (t=-5.555,-5.392, P<0.05); the number of tryptase positive cells in group B was increased significantly than that in group A (t=21.312, P<0.05), and in addition to the alveolar septum and submucosa, the cells were also distributed around blood vessels and outside the cells; the number of tryptase positive cells in group C was decreased significantly compared with group B, and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.043, P<0.05). Conclusions: After the asthmatic guinea pigs are treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, their BALF, Re, infiltration degree of inflammatory cells in the trachea and lung tissue and airway inflammatory reaction are reduced significantly. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has a certain inhibiting effect on the activation of mast cells and the release of MCT granules.

Impacts of exposure to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation on liver function in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the impacts of exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on liver function in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group and radiated group. The rats in normal group were not radiated, those in radiated group were exposed to EMR 4 h/ d for 18 consecutive days. Rats were sacrificed immediately after the end of the experiment. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and those of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue were evaluated by colorimetric method. The liver histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the protein expression of bax and bcl- 2 in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and labelling (TUNEL) method was used for analysis of apoptosis in liver.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal rats, the serum levels of ALT and AST in the radiated group had no obvious changes (P>0.05), while the contents of MDA increased (P < 0.01) and those of GSH decreased (P < 0.01) in liver tissues. The histopathology examination showed diffuse hepatocyte swelling and vacuolation, small pieces and focal necrosis. The immunohistochemical results displayed that the expression of the bax protein was higher and that of bcl-2 protein was lower in radiated group. The hepatocyte apoptosis rates in radiated group was higher than that in normal group (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The exposure to 900 MHz mobile phone 4 h/d for 18 days could induce the liver histological changes, which may be partly due to the apoptosis and oxidative stress induced in liver tissue by electromagnetic radiation.</p>

Synthesis and activity of some new histone deacetylases inhibitors / 药学学报

To explore novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors with anti-tumor activity, twelve target compounds were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analyses. Evaluation results in vitro showed that compound Ia exhibited potent inhibition against HDAC and is worth for further investigation. And compounds IIa, IIb, IIIa-IIIi possessed moderate HDAC inhibitory activity.