Bilobar thyroid agenesis with primary hyperparathyroidism: report of a case.

Congenital thyroid abnormalities are rarely seen. They mostly include hemiagenesis with or without involving the isthmus. In this report, we present a case of bilateral lobe agenesis with hypertrophied isthmus and high calcium and elevated PTH levels which were detected during routine examinations of a 49-year-old female patient. Some findings consistent with parathyroid pathology on the right side were determined in parathyroid scintigraphy. At thyroid scan and neck ultrasonography there was no sign of bilateral thyroid tissue except a mass localized isthmus. The right lower parathyroidectomy and thyroidectomy for isthmus were performed; the pathology report was shown as parathyroid adenoma and nodular colloidal goiter. This case of bilobar agenesis with incidental primary hyperparathyroidism due to single parathyroid adenoma is the first case reported in literature.

The relationship between resistin and ghrelin levels with fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. It is generally accepted that insulin resistance is a pathophysiological factor in the development of NAFLD. In the present study, the aim was to determine the relationship between resistin and ghrelin levels, which were found to be closely related to insulin resistance and fibrosis scores in NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 (21 male, 19 female) NAFLD patients whose diagnosis was confirmed with biopsy and 40 (18 male, 22 female) healthy controls were included in the study. RESULTS: In the comparison of resistin and ghrelin levels, only resistin values were found to be significantly higher in NAFLD group while there was no significant difference in ghrelin values (respectively P < 0.05; P = 0.078). In according to the fibrosis groups there was no difference about fasting plasma glucose, insulin values, Homeostatic Measurement Assessment-Insulin Resistance measurements and also resistin and ghrelin levels. CONCLUSION: It has been understood that insulin resistance plays an important part in NAFLD. Larger studies are required that investigate the gene expression of hormones influencing insulin resistance, particularly resistin and ghrelin in order to determine their role in NAFLD.

Clinicopathological Evaluation of 15 Ectopic Adrenal Tissues.

BACKGROUND: Ectopic adrenal tissue is a rare condition associated with embryological development defects seen in many different areas in the abdomen and pelvis. Here, we aimed to discuss the clinicopathological features of ectopic adrenal tissues diagnosed in our clinic, in light of the literature. METHODS: We included cases of ectopic adrenal tissues incidentally detected in the specimens from patients undergoing operation for various diagnoses during 2012- March 2020. The cases were examined according to gender, age, location and accompanying pathological diagnoses. During this period, 15 cases of ectopic adrenal tissues (6 paratubal, 3 paraovarian, 2 paratesticular, 1 spermatic cord, 1 paraaortic, 1 liver capsule, 1 omentum) were detected accompanied by two endometrial carcinomas, two serous cystadenomas, one seminoma, one mixed germ cell tumor, one bilateral ovarian serous carcinoma and hepatic high-grade colon adenocarcinoma metastasis. RESULTS: In this report, the fifth ectopic adrenal tissue accompanying a malignant testicular tumor, the fifth and sixth ectopic adrenal tissues occurring with ovarian serous cystadenoma, the first case observed with serous cystadenocarcinoma and the first case detected with hepatic adenocarcinoma metastasis are presented. Our cases are mostly women and adult men. CONCLUSION: Ectopic adrenal tissues can lead to hormonal problems and also to adrenal cortex and medulla neoplasms. Microscopically, they may be confused with clear cell gynecological and germ cell tumors. If the ectopic focus is misdiagnosed as an implant, a benign entity may be incorrectly reported as malignant. Also, it is important to prevent mis-staging in malignancies. For precise diagnosis, an immunopanel such as inhibin, melan A, and calretinin can be performed.

Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B (SDHB) Immunohistochemistry in Pheochromocytoma, Head and Neck Paraganglioma, Thoraco-Abdomino-Pelvic Paragangliomas: Is It a Good Idea to Use in Routine Work?

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to detect Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B (SDHB) frequency in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PPGL) with immunohistochemistry; compare with Pheochromacytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score (PASS) classification and analyse the differences between pheochromocytoma (Pheo), head-neck paragangliomas (HNPGL) and thoraco-abdominal-pelvic paraganglioma (TAPPGL) sub-groups. METHODS: A total 114 PPGL cases (73 HNPGL, 15 TAPPGL and 27 Pheo belonging to 112 cases) are included. Immunohistochemically, SDHB and Ki-67 are investigated and malignancy risks are determined by PASS classification. Results are assessed statistically with chi-square test and p <0,01 is considered significant. RESULTS: SDHB mutations are observed in 20 of 114 (17.54 %) PPGL cases, 3 (11,12%) of which is Pheo, 12 (16,44) is HNPGL, and 5 (35,71%) is TAPPGL (P <0,02). While 15/82 (18,29%) cases with SDHB mutations do not have a malignancy potential according to PASS classification, 5/32 (15,63%) cases has (p=0,73). TAPPGL, HNPGL and Pheo sub-groups have a significant difference between SDHB expression (p <0,02), malignancy potential according to PASS classification (p <0,0001) and Ki-67 proliferation index (p <0,0001). CONCLUSION: To identify patients for molecular pathological examination, routine application of SDHB immunohistochemistry to PPGL tumors are suggested especially in HNPGLs.

Hepatic adenomatosis in a 7-year-old child treated earlier with a Fontan procedure.

Patients who undergo a Fontan procedure experience some degree of liver disease. Hemodynamic changes such as central venous hypertension, depressed dynamic cardiac output, and late ventricular dysfunction combined with long-standing hypoxia preceding the Fontan procedure all are recognized risk factors for hepatic injury. The histopathologic changes associated with cardiac hepatopathy include chronic passive congestion, centrilobular necrosis, and cardiac cirrhosis. However, hepatic adenoma and hepatic adenomatosis (HA) are not well-known pathologies during the course of cardiac hepatopathy. This study focused on a 7-year-old girl with chronic hepatic changes and HA who had undergone a Fontan procedure. Hepatic adenomatosis was diagnosed on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI-guided liver biopsy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this case involved the youngest patient with hepatocellular adenomatosis documented in the literature. It was a unique case because the patient experienced HA after a Fontan procedure.

Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising as a complication early in the course of Crohn's disease.

The neoplastic change in patients with Crohn's disease is usually seen in the form of adenocarcinoma. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma complicating chronic inflammatory bowel diseases is thought to be uncommon. This report describes a case of gastrointestinal lymphoma in a 12-year-old boy with Crohn's disease of one-year duration that initially manifested as an abdominal mass. Although Crohn's disease may present as a palpable abdominal mass, changing symptomatology should always warrant consideration of developing lymphoma complicating inflammatory bowel diseases. It is our hope that this case report gives the clinician an insight into the possibility of lymphoma development, even in the early course of the disease, and stresses the importance of obtaining a reliable histological diagnosis whenever possible.

[E-cadherin expression patterns of precancerous lesions of the larynx classified according to Ljubljana and WHO classification]. / Ljubljana ve DSO siniflamasina göre degerlendirilen larenksin prekanseröz lezyonlarinda E-cadherin ekspresyonu.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if there are differences in the expressions of the E-cadherin adhesion molecule of precancerous laryngeal lesions classified according to Ljubljana and World Health Organization (WHO) classification. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined 41 cases (3 females, 38 males; mean age 54 years; range 8 to 80 years) of laryngeal hyperplastic-dysplastic lesions from the Kocaeli University Pathology Department archives between 1998-2005. Forty-one laryngeal hyperplastic-dysplastic lesions were classified according to Ljubljana and WHO classification. The cases were classified as pertaining to either low or high risk groups. Sections were stained according to the E-cadherin immunohistochemical method. The relations between risk groups in two different classification systems and E-cadherin expression frequency were detected by Chi-square test. RESULTS: According to the WHO classification, the loss of expression detected 32.1% (9/28) in high-risk epithelium and 15.4% (2/13) in low-risk epithelium (p=0.26). According to the Ljubljana classification, the loss of expression detected 38.1% (8/21) in high-risk epithelium and 15% (3/20) in low-risk epithelium (p=0.09). CONCLUSION: E-cadherin expression is down regulated with histologic progression in the precancerous lesions of the larynx. However, the presence of normal expression in some carcinoma insitu cases limited their diagnostic value. The presence of normal E-cadherin expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma support this opinion. The Ljubljana system is more accurate for predicting the E-cadherin expression's decrease, or in other words, for demonstrating its malignant potential.

ACTH-Cell Pituitary Adenoma With Signet Ring Cells: A Rare Case Report and Review of The Literature.

Here, we present a case of pituitary adenoma producing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in a 19-year-old woman. The patient was admitted to neurosurgery clinic because of a headache and decreased visual acuity. Transsphenoidal resection was performed. Microscopic examination of the tumor revealed signet-ring-like cell areas intermixed with conventional pituitary adenoma cells. Both populations of tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for chromogranin, synaptophysin, and ACTH. To date, there have been 3 reports of pituitary adenoma with signet-ring-like changes. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma with signet-ring-like cell changes. The clinical reflection of signet cells in pituitary adenoma is unclear. Accumulation of the similar cases and investigation of molecular background of them may lighten the importance of this morphologic variance.

Cushing's disease due to a pituitary adenoma as a component of collision tumor: A case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: The coexistence of two morphologically different tumors attached to each other creates a very rare type of tumor called a collision tumor. Collision tumors containing pituitary adenoma-sellar meningioma have only been described in four cases to date; we discuss a fifth case harboring a collision tumor comprising a pituitary corticotroph adenoma and a sellar meningioma in the same anatomic position. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old Caucasian woman presented with menstrual irregularity, severe weakness of the proximal muscles, and 10-15 kg weight gain within a year. Basal plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone levels were 17.7 mg/dL and 58 pg/mL, respectively. Her diurnal cortisol rhythm was impaired (plasma cortisol at 23:00, 18.2 mg/dL) and after a 48-hour, 2-mg dexamethasone suppression test, plasma cortisol level was 13.6 mg/dL. The results were consistent with a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. We then performed a nocturnal 8-mg dexamethasone suppression test and the suppression of cortisol was not greater than 50% (21.4 to 19.3). A pituitary magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tuberculum sellae meningioma arising from within the sellar region. An operation was chosen in order to examine whether the tumor was an adrenocorticotrophic hormone/corticotropin-releasing hormone-secreting lesion or if there were any microadenomas that could be observed during the operation. Via an extended endoscopic endonasal approach the meningioma was resected successfully. Unexpectedly, our patient complained of nausea and vomiting postoperatively. Plasma cortisol was 2.6 mg/dL and orally administered hydrocortisone treatment was initiated immediately. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor generally consisted of a pituitary corticotroph adenoma infiltrated by meningioma. Our patient maintained hydrocortisone treatment for 11 months. At the latest visit, she had lost 12 kg, and her hypertension, menstrual irregularity, and weakness of the proximal muscles had disappeared. Her mental and physical wellbeing were restored. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Cushing's disease due to a pituitary corticotroph adenoma adjacent to a meningioma. Even if a high-dose dexamethasone suppression test fails to suppress basal cortisol level, the importance of considering a suprasellar/sellar meningioma a possible component of a collision tumor presenting as adrenocorticotrophic hormone-dependent Cushing's syndrome is highlighted here.

Mapping the Molecular Basis and Markers of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Progression and Metastasis Using Global Transcriptome and microRNA Profiling.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer (TC). In a subgroup of patients with PTC, the disease progresses to an invasive stage or in some cases to distant organ metastasis. At present, there is an unmet clinical and diagnostic need for early identification of patients with PTC who are at risk of disease progression or metastasis. In this study, we report several molecular leads and potential biomarker candidates of PTC metastasis for further translational research. The study design was based on comparisons of PTC in three different groups using cross-sectional sampling: Group 1, PTC localized to the thyroid (n = 20); Group 2, PTC with extrathyroidal progression (n = 22); and Group 3, PTC with distant organ metastasis (n = 20). Global transcriptome and microRNAs (miRNA) analyses were conducted using an initial screening set comprising nine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded PTC samples obtained from three independent patients per study group. The findings were subsequently validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using the abovementioned independent patient sample set (n = 62). Comparative analyses of differentially expressed miRNAs showed that miR-193-3p, miR-182-5p, and miR-3607-3p were novel miRNAs associated with PTC metastasis. These potential miRNA biomarkers were associated with TC metastasis and miRNA-target gene associations, which may provide important clinicopathological information on metastasis. Our findings provide new molecular leads for further translational biomarker research, which could facilitate the identification of patients at risk of PTC disease progression or metastasis.

A case report: gastric adenocarcinoma in childhood.

Primary gastric adenocarcinoma is extremely rare in children, and accounts for 0.05% of all gastrointestinal malignancies during childhood. The initial symptoms of epigastric pain, feeling of fullness, belching, and loss of appetite are non-specific and misleading. Nausea, vomiting and weight loss may accompany, which also complicate reaching a prompt diagnosis. In the presented case, a 15-year-old girl admitted with ascites, pleural effusion, right supra-clavicular lymphadenopathy, and back pain. No primary focus of a malignancy was accomplished in radiological evaluation, and the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma was achieved with upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy. We point out the importance of upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy in patients with ascites and uncertain diagnosis of the primary focus of malignancy.

A case report with type II pleuropulmonary blastoma: successful treatment with surgery and chemotherapy.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a very rare intrathoracic malignancy in childhood. It is an aggressive embryonal or blastemic neoplasm usually occurring in children younger than five years of age. PPB is treated with aggressive multimodal therapies consisting of surgery and chemotherapy. We present a case with PPB type II successfully treated with complete surgical resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. She has been free of disease for 33 months of follow-up. Complete surgical resection of the tumor at the time of diagnosis is the cornerstone of PPB management, but in the majority of patients, initial surgery is incomplete because a large tumor may involve vital structures. For this reason, patients with initially unresectable tumors should be treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce the lesion to the point that it becomes resectable.

Unusual magnetic resonance image of an insulinoma with extensive desmoplastic reaction.

CONTEXT: Unlike other islet-cell tumors, insulinomas are usually benign. Most insulinomas have a high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and a low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and are hyperintense on immediate post-gadolinium images. However, in rare cases, insulinomas may be hypointense on T2-weighted images and on immediate post-gadolinium images, mimicking a ductal adenocarcinoma. CASE REPORT: We present a case of a surgically proven insulinoma which was hypointense on both T2-weighted and immediate post-gadolinium T1-weighted images, but hyperintense on late phase T1-weighted images. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a prominent desmoplastic reaction which accounted for the low signal on T2-weighted images and the contrast enhancement pattern. Delayed contrast enhancement reflects the desmoplastic component of this tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Insulinomas with an extensive desmoplastic reaction may appear hypointense on T2-weighted images with minimal enhancement on immediate post-gadolinium images. Late phase fat-suppressed T1-weighted post-gadolinium images may be useful in the detection of such tumors.

Response to rituximab and prednisolone for opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in a child with ganglioneuroblastoma.

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) syndrome is a rare neurobehavioral paraneoplastic disorder in children with neuroblastic tumors. The neurologic symptoms are generally treated with a number of immunosupressive and immunomodulating agents. A 4-year-old previously healthy male patient was admitted to the authors' center with progressive ataxia, gait disturbance, difficulty of speech, and opsoclonus. He had a diagnosis of ganglionueroblastoma at the thoracal paraspinal region. Following surgery, the patient received IVIG and prednisolone but his cerebellar symptoms progressed. Rituximab therapy was started and continued for total 8 weeks without any side effect. The authors observed excellent neurologic response in the patient at the 4th week of treatment. Rituximab is a new, promising, and safe therapy for OMA syndrome in children with neuroblastoma.

Using a Video-Laparoscope for Intraoperative Colonoscopy: An Experimental Study on Intraluminal Temperature Values and Tissue Damage.

Laparoscopy systems possess remarkable heat production. Video-laparoscopy was used for colonoscopy intraoperatively in rabbits. Rod lens type laparoscopes 5 and 10 mm in diameter connected with 175 and 300-W xenon light sources were used in combination. Physiological parameters including blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturations, and luminal temperatures were investigated during 20 minutes of colonoscopy. Thermal damage scores were obtained by histopathologic analysis of the intestinal wall. The changes were categorized as physiological and structural. Damage scores were not different when 175-W light source was used with 5- and 10-mm laparoscopes. Intraluminal heat values most increased with 300 W plus 10-mm laparoscope and caused significant increase in damage scores. Structural damage indicating tissue necrosis was not observed with any of the combination in all groups. Video-laparoscopy systems did not cause significant tissue damage when used at low and moderate levels of xenon light source in the rabbit bowel intraoperatively.

Clindamycin-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis.

We report a case of acute hepatotoxicity in a 42-year-old woman after administration of clindamycin for a dental infection. After 6 d of treatment, she had fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, pruritus and jaundice. Her laboratory analysis showed alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 1795 IU/L (normal range 0-40); aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 1337 IU/L (normal range 5-34); alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 339 IU/L (normal range 40-150); gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), 148 IU/L (normal range 9-64 IU/L); total bilirubin, 4.1 mg/dL; direct bilirubin, 2.9 mg/dL and prothrombin time (PT), 13.5 s, with international normalized ratio (INR), 1.04. She was hospitalized, with immediate drug discontinuation. Her liver biopsy specimen showed mixed-type (both hepatocellular and cholestatic) hepatic injury, compatible with a diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis. An objective causality assessment using the Naranjo probability scale suggested that clindamycin was the probable cause of the acute hepatitis. In susceptible individuals, clindamycin use may lead to acute mixed-type liver toxicity. Complete recovery may be possible if the drug is discontinued before severe liver injury is established.

Histopathologic study of minced and injected expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) in quadriceps muscle of rats for injection laryngoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: Gore-Tex has not yet been used as an injection material, and no animal study has been performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the histopathological and volumetric changes of minced and injected expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) in the quadriceps muscle of rats to find out its possibility as an injection material in future injection laryngoplasty. DESIGN: A prospective study was performed in 13 Wistar rats. METHODS: The 50+/-5 mg Gore-Tex vascular graft was minced until it was fine enough to pass through a 16G injection cannula. To create viscosity in order to avoid precipitation, minced Gore-Tex was mixed with sodium hyaluronate (SH) gel. 0.5 ml of this mixture was injected into the middle part of the right quadriceps muscle of each subject. Then, pure SH (0.5 ml) was injected into the middle part of the left quadriceps muscle of each subject. To compare the volumetric and histopathological changes of the injection area occupied by the materials over the time, two rats were sacrificed 1 day after the procedure, four rats after 1 month, four rats after 3 months and three rats after 6 months. RESULTS: In pure SH: SH was observed as an effusion in the muscle of one subject on the first day only. We did not detect SH in the muscle in the first, third and sixth months and, as a result, there was no augmentation. Inflammation and fibrosis was not detected in any of these applications of SH. In minced Gore-Tex+SH gel mixture: SH was again eliminated from the muscle in a very short period of time, but the remaining Gore-Tex created a 15.8% volumetric gain. Fibrosis and capsule formation began in the first month and, in the sixth month; we observed connective tissue surrounding the Gore-Tex material. Ingrowth of connective tissue into the Gore-Tex, though not present in the first month, occurred partially in the third and significantly in the sixth month. In addition, we observed foreign body granuloma formation after the third month. CONCLUSIONS: Pure SH, though easily applicable, was immediately eliminated leaving no trace. In the relatively difficult applications of Gore-Tex mixed with SH, however, there was residual Gore-Tex present in all subjects throughout the study. Gore-Tex may be an applicable material for injection laryngoplasty.

An immunohistochemical profile of giant cell carcinoma of the larynx.

OBJECTIVE: This report describes a case of a 62-year-old male with giant cell carcinoma of the larynx that presented as a neck mass and hoarseness. METHODS: Case report, review of the world literature, and an immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS: Extended total laryngectomy and bilateral functional neck dissection were performed. Microscopical examination showed that the tumor was composed of solid masses of anaplastic small cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. There were multinucleated giant cells with huge nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and clear or eosinophylic cytoplasm. The diagnosis of giant cell carcinoma of the larynx was made. An immunohistochemical staining was applied to the case and tumor showed immunoreactivity with cytokeratin 8/18, cytokeratin 18, cytokeratin 19, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100, cytokeratin 7 and did not show immunoreactivity with cytokeratin 10, cytokeratin 20, and carcinoembryogenic antigen. CONCLUSION: Giant cell carcinoma of the larynx is an extremely rare tumor the origin of which is not clearly understood. It is believed to be the counterpart of giant cell carcinoma of the lung in larynx. It is the sixth case reported in English literature and also the first case that is examined immunohistochemically. In conclusion, giant cell carcinoma of the larynx is confirmed to be a specific entity of simple epithelial origin and it is the counterpart of giant cell carcinoma of the lung.

Cytokeratin expression patterns of gastric carcinomas according to Lauren and Goseki classification.

The Goseki system is a new gastric carcinoma classification system that classifies gastric carcinomas as grade I (intestinal type), grade II (mucinous type), grade III (mucin-poor, diffuse infiltrating type), and grade IV (signet ring cell type). The main advantage of the Goseki classification may be to separate these distinct entities into different groups. CK7 is not observed in normal gastric mucosa but can be detected in chronically inflamed gastric mucosa and coexists with incomplete intestinal metaplasia. CK20 can be observed in the superficial foveolar epithelium and mature goblet cells. The aim of this study was to examine the cytokeratin expression profiles in gastric carcinomas that are classified according to both the Goseki and Lauren systems. CK7, CK8, CK19, and CK20 were applied to the paraffin sections of 66 gastric carcinoma cases. The cytokeratin expression patterns were grouped as CK20+/CK7+, CK20+/CK7-, CK20-/CK7+, or CK20-/CK7-. The results were examined statistically. CK20 immunoreactivity was observed in 18%, 24%, and 31% of grade I, III, and IV cases, respectively. The CK20+/CK7- pattern was observed in 20% of the grade IV and 66.7% of the grade II carcinomas and was not observed in grade I or grade III tumors (P<0.0001). Goseki grade III and IV carcinomas originate from superficial gastric mucosa, but grade III carcinomas are poorly differentiated. Goseki grade II carcinomas have a specific immunophenotype other than intestinal-type gastric tumors. The Goseki classification seems to be superior in identifying poorly and well-differentiated forms of diffuse infiltrating carcinomas and mucinous carcinomas.

Detection of human papillomavirus in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction tumors: A retrospective study by real-time polymerase chain reaction in an instutional experience from Turkey and review of literature.

Esophageal cancer is a poor-prognosis malignancy that ranks eighth among all cancer types, and its prevalence shows differences among geographical regions. Although the most important risk factors for esophageal carcinoma are alcohol and smoking, viral infections, particularly HPV infection, are also considered among etiological agents. Our study aims to detect the presence of HPV in esophageal cancers in our patient population and to investigate its correlation with clinico-pathological parameters. We investigated the presence of HPV-DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction in a total of 52 patients with esophageal cancer. Subtype analysis was performed in positive cases and was correlated with selected clinico-pathological parameters. Five (9.6%) of 52 tumor samples, 3 squamous cell carcinomas (3/33 cases) and 2 adenocarcinomas (2/19 cases), were HPV-DNA-positive. Subtype analysis could be performed in four HPV-DNA-positive cases, of which three were HPV type-39 and 1 was type-16. The Marmara region, where the present study was carried out, is a region with low-moderate risk for esophageal cancer, and the prevalence of HPV-DNA in these tumors is similar to the prevalence of HPV-DNA reported in the literature for regions with similar risk. In conclusion, we detected HPV DNA in a subset of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction tumors. HPV infection may have a role in esophageal carcinogenesis and high-risk HPV subtypes can particularly be considered among risk factors since the prevalence of high risk HPV infection has also been found to be increased in regions with a high risk for esophageal cancer compared to low-moderate risk regions.