RESUMEN
AIM: Cervical cancer (CC) is considered as a major public health problem; this disease affects mainly vulnerable women in poverty, causing a negative effect on a country's workforce. OBJECTIVE: To determine the histopathological diagnosis variation after examining three more levels of cervical biopsy paraffin blocks from patients with HPVI, CIN and CC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative, retrospective correlational study was performed in a hospital with a second level of health care. We worked with 152 paraffin blocks of CIN (CIN, I, II and III) and cervical cancer samples. Currently, CIN I is considered as a set of low-grade injuries (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, LSIL), while CIN II, CIN III and cancer in situ are considered as high-grade lesions (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, HSIL). A slab was prepared with the 50micron block, which was subsequently cut into 5 microns; later, the same thing was done at two more levels to reevaluate the histopathological diagnosis and correlate it with the initial diagnosis issued by the institution. RESULTS: During the examination of the additional block levels, a difference was observed from the initial diagnosis: of 32 cases of HPV diagnosis, there were 17 changes to CIN I; of 31 cases of CIN I, there were 4 changes to CIN II; of 30 cases of CIN II, there were 8 changes to CIN III and 1 change to invasive cancer; of 29 cases of CIN III, there were 9 changes to cancer in situ; and finally, of 14 cases of cancer in situ, there was 1 change to invasive cancer. After the statistical analysis, a value of p <0.05 was obtained, which indicated that the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: By modifying the histopathological study technique, guidelines can be given to generate a more accurate diagnosis with a more solid base, and thus, a more appropriate and timely treatment can be offered to avoid the development of cervical cancer.
RESUMEN
Introducción: los adolescentes enfrentan problemáticas que atentan su salud, entre los que destacan el embrazo y las infecciones de transmisión sexual, ambas prevenibles con educación. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de necesidad de educación sexual y reproductiva en adolescentes de secundaria. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, realizado de agosto 2018 a marzo 2019. Muestra de 227 estudiantes de una secundaria pública del estado de San Luis Potosí, inscritos en el ciclo escolar 2018-2019. Se aplicó una encuesta autoadministrada para medir la necesidad y se diseñó una escala ordinal con base al puntaje obtenido: alta= 73-93, media= 52-72 y baja= 31-51. Se aplicó la prueba X2 para determinar asociación entre variables. Resultados: la mayoría de los alumnos tienen un nivel de necesidad de educación sexual y reproductiva medio. Los estudiantes de segundo grado tienen mayor necesidad de educación (35.2%) que los de primero (16.7%) y tercero (6%) con una diferencia significativa (p<0.001). Quienes tienen menor necesidad de educación sexual son aquellos que platican frecuentemente con sus padres. Conclusión: es necesario que la educación sexual sea integral e impartida desde niveles de educación básica de manera continua; asimismo, capacitar a los padres de familia para que puedan brin-dar más información. De igual forma, fomentar la comunicación entre padres e hijos.