Metastasising Pleomorphic Salivary Adenoma: A Rare Case Report of a Massive Untreated Minor Salivary Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma with Concurrent Ipsilateral Cervical Node Metastases.

Salivary gland tumours constitute approximately 1-5% of all human neoplasms. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest benign neoplasm affecting the parotid gland most often (> 75%), followed by the submandibular gland (13%), then the palate (9%). Metastasising pleomorphic adenoma (MPA) is extremely rare. The effects can be severe and a reported 40% of MPA patients die with disease. This case represents the first known case in English literature of an untreated minor salivary gland PSA of the palate metastasising to an ipsilateral cervical node. We report a 61 year old female who presented with a large tumour occupying the palatal vault, and cervical neck mass. The oral tumour was believed to have been growing over four decades. The patient died eight months following surgical resection. Of known cases, male: female ratio is 35:51 and the mean age at diagnosis is 49.2. Most commonly, MPA is detected in bone 33.3% (n = 29), lung 31% (n = 27) and cervical lymph nodes 20.7% (n = 18). Thorough reporting is deemed essential to further understand the biological differences of non metastasising and metastasising PAs, treatment outcomes, prognosis and survival rates.

Reducing the need for general anaesthesia in children: use of LAT gel in treating facial lacerations.

Facial lacerations in children are common emergencies that often require debridement and closure under general anaesthesia because of poor cooperation by the patient. General anaesthesia in children is not without risk so any technique that avoids its use is beneficial. LAT gel (lidocaine, adrenaline, and tetracaine) is a topical anaesthetic, which is ideal for suturing facial lacerations in children. In our experience its use has resulted in the effective treatment of these injuries, and has reduced distress and discomfort, and the need for hospital admission and general anaesthesia.

Postoperative complications after major head and neck surgery with free flap repair--prevalence, patterns, and determinants: a prospective cohort study.

This study aims to give a better understanding of the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of postoperative complications, to evaluate the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications, and to set out a protocol to improve postoperative recovery. Over a period of 27 months we studied 192 patients who had had major head and neck operations with free flaps. Data on complications were gathered prospectively along with patients' details, comorbidities, factors indicative of the magnitude of the surgical insult, and variations in perioperative care. Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo system. Outcomes analysed comprised any complication, major complications (Clavien-Dindo III and above), wound complications, and pulmonary complications. A total of 64% of patients had complications, and in around one third they were serious; wound and pulmonary complications were the most common. Factors significantly associated with complications reflected an interaction between coexisting conditions of the patient at operation and the magnitude of the surgery. Perioperative interventions to ensure preoperative optimisation of patients, and to lessen the systemic inflammatory response that results from operation offer the best prospect of reducing the burden of surgical complications. A protocol to improve recovery after operation would be appropriate. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications is useful in this group.