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1.
Am J Hum Biol ; 35(8): e23899, 2023 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36932851

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the association of household fuel use with hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among adult women. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey through face-to-face interviews and blood pressure (BP) measurement were conducted among 2182 randomly selected women (1236 solid fuel users and 946 clean fuel users) in rural areas of Bangladesh. RESULTS: Overall, 21% of women were hypertensive. Mean SBP and DBP for the study population were 121.27 mmHg (SD ± 15.43) and 76.18 mmHg (SD ± 12.00), respectively. Hypertension was found significantly (p = .006) higher among solid fuel users (23%) compared to clean fuel users (18%). Women using solid fuels have a 35% higher chance (AOR: 1.35, CI: 1.10-1.80) of having hypertension and have more than twice the risk of developing elevated SBP (AOR: 2.01, CI: 1.55-2.95) relative to women using clean fuels for their daily cooking. The probability of hypertension (AOR: 1.39, CI: 1.17-1.60) and elevated SBP (AOR: 1.35, CI: 1.10-1.61) increased significantly for every hour of fuel use. CONCLUSIONS: Using clean fuel, reducing the duration of daily cooking time, and improved cooking facilities may help minimizing hypertension and ultimately cardiovascular disease risk among women.


Asunto(s)
Hipertensión , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Presión Sanguínea , Estudios Transversales , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/etiología , Composición Familiar , Culinaria
2.
Molecules ; 27(13)2022 Jul 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35807526

RESUMEN

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic complication that affects people of all ages. The increased prevalence of diabetes worldwide has led to the development of several synthetic drugs to tackle this health problem. Such drugs, although effective as antihyperglycemic agents, are accompanied by various side effects, costly, and inaccessible to the majority of people living in underdeveloped countries. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally throughout the ages to treat various ailments due to their availability and safe nature. Medicinal plants are a rich source of phytochemicals that possess several health benefits. As diabetes continues to become prevalent, health care practitioners are considering plant-based medicines as a potential source of antidiabetic drugs due to their high potency and fewer side effects. To better understand the mechanism of action of medicinal plants, their active phytoconstituents are being isolated and investigated thoroughly. In this review article, we have focused on pharmacologically active phytomolecules isolated from medicinal plants presenting antidiabetic activity and the role they play in the treatment and management of diabetes. These natural compounds may represent as good candidates for a novel therapeutic approach and/or effective and alternative therapies for diabetes.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Plantas Medicinales , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinales/química
3.
Br J Nutr ; 124(10): 1021-1034, 2020 11 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32517842

RESUMEN

Spirulina platensis has been found to be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The present study aims to elucidate the effects of ethanol extract and butanol fraction of S. platensis on insulin release and glucose homoeostasis in type 2 diabetic rats, together with their mechanism of actions. In vitro and in vivo methods were used including cellular studies to determine potential role of ion channels and cAMP in the insulinotropic actions of the extracts. The ethanol extract and butanol fraction stimulated insulin release from mouse islets and pancreatic ß-cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The butanol fraction also similarly stimulated insulin release from perfused rat pancreas. The insulin-releasing action was augmented by glucose, isobutylmethylxanthine, tolbutamide and a depolarising concentration of KCl. The insulin secretory effect was attenuated with diazoxide and verapamil and by omission of extracellular Ca2+. Butanol fraction was found to significantly inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity. Moreover, butanol fraction improved glucose tolerance following oral glucose administration (2·5 g/kg body weight (b.w.)). The butanol fraction was tested on 24 h starved rats given an oral sucrose load (2·5 g/kg b.w.) to examine possible effects on carbohydrate digestion and absorption. S. platensis substantially decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia after oral sucrose load and increased unabsorbed sucrose content throughout the gut. During in situ intestinal perfusion with glucose, the butanol fraction reduced glucose absorption and promoted gut motility. Finally, chronic oral administration of butanol fraction for 28 d significantly decreased blood glucose, increased plasma insulin, pancreatic insulin stores, liver glycogen and improved lipid profile. The characterisation of active compounds from butanol fraction revealed the presence of p-coumaric acid, ß-carotene, catechin and other antioxidant polyphenols. In conclusion, S. platensis could be an adjunctive therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes.


Asunto(s)
Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono/efectos de los fármacos , Dipeptidil Peptidasa 4/metabolismo , Secreción de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Spirulina/química , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Hiperglucemia/dietoterapia , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Islotes Pancreáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Polifenoles/administración & dosificación , Polifenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Ratas Long-Evans , Sacarosa/administración & dosificación
4.
BMC Complement Altern Med ; 17(1): 395, 2017 Aug 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28793909

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: [6]-Gingerol, a major component of Zingiber officinale, was previously reported to ameliorate hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice. Endocrine signaling is involved in insulin secretion and is perturbed in db/db Type-2 diabetic mice. [6]-Gingerol was reported to restore the disrupted endocrine signaling in rodents. In this current study on Leprdb/db diabetic mice, we investigated the involvement of endocrine pathway in the insulin secretagogue activity of [6]-Gingerol and the mechanism(s) through which [6]-Gingerol ameliorates hyperglycemia. METHODS: Leprdb/db type 2 diabetic mice were orally administered a daily dose of [6]-Gingerol (200 mg/kg) for 28 days. We measured the plasma levels of different endocrine hormones in fasting and fed conditions. GLP-1 levels were modulated using pharmacological approaches, and cAMP/PKA pathway for insulin secretion was assessed by qRT-PCR and ELISA in isolated pancreatic islets. Total skeletal muscle and its membrane fractions were used to measure glycogen synthase 1 level and Glut4 expression and protein levels. RESULTS: 4-weeks treatment of [6]-Gingerol dramatically increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance. Plasma GLP-1 was found to be significantly elevated in the treated mice. Pharmacological intervention of GLP-1 levels regulated the effect of [6]-Gingerol on insulin secretion. Mechanistically, [6]-Gingerol treatment upregulated and activated cAMP, PKA, and CREB in the pancreatic islets, which are critical components of GLP-1-mediated insulin secretion pathway. [6]-Gingerol upregulated both Rab27a GTPase and its effector protein Slp4-a expression in isolated islets, which regulates the exocytosis of insulin-containing dense-core granules. [6]-Gingerol treatment improved skeletal glycogen storage by increased glycogen synthase 1 activity. Additionally, GLUT4 transporters were highly abundant in the membrane of the skeletal myocytes, which could be explained by the increased expression of Rab8 and Rab10 GTPases that are responsible for GLUT4 vesicle fusion to the membrane. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study reports that GLP-1 mediates the insulinotropic activity of [6]-Gingerol, and [6]-Gingerol treatment facilitates glucose disposal in skeletal muscles through increased activity of glycogen synthase 1 and enhanced cell surface presentation of GLUT4 transporters.


Asunto(s)
Catecoles/uso terapéutico , Alcoholes Grasos/uso terapéutico , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Insulina/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Zingiber officinale/química , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Catecoles/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Alcoholes Grasos/farmacología , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/sangre , Glucógeno/metabolismo , Glucógeno Sintasa/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/etiología , Hiperglucemia/metabolismo , Secreción de Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones Noqueados , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Vías Secretoras/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab/metabolismo
5.
BJOG ; 122(11): 1457-65, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26179559

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to develop a novel animal model to study the impact of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) on female genital blood flow. DESIGN: In vivo animal study. POPULATION: Thirty Sprague-Dawley female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female rats underwent either unilateral pelvic nerve (PN) crush (PNC; n = 9), or crush of both the PNs and all efferent nerves in the pelvic plexus ('clock-nerve crush', CNC; n = 9). Under anaesthesia, we electrically stimulated the crushed PN at 3 and 10 days after crush while monitoring blood pressure and recording clitoral and vaginal blood flows by laser Doppler. Uninjured PNs were stimulated as an internal control. Twelve additional rats were assigned either to bilateral PNC or sham surgery, and genital tissues were processed 10 days after injury for in vitro analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Genital blood flow, nNOS, eNOS, collagen I-III. RESULTS: Stimulation of the crushed PN in both groups subjected to PNC and CNC induced significantly lower peak genital blood flow at 3 and 10 days (P < 0.05) compared to stimulation of the non-crushed control PN. The immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed that all injured rats exhibited more vaginal collagen III and collagen I than rats did that ad undergone sham surgeries (P < 0.05). PCN reduced nNOS expression in both clitoral and vaginal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our study it may be hypothesised that NSRH might cause reductions of genital blood flow and vaginal fibrosis due to neurapraxia of the pelvic nerve and reductions of nNOS nerve fibres in clitoral and distal vaginal tissue. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Pelvic nerve neurapraxia during nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy could lead to sexual arousal dysfunction.


Asunto(s)
Plexo Hipogástrico/lesiones , Histerectomía/efectos adversos , Histerectomía/métodos , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/prevención & control , Vagina/irrigación sanguínea , Vagina/patología , Animales , Western Blotting , Clítoris/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , Estimulación Eléctrica , Femenino , Fibrosis , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Flujometría por Láser-Doppler , Modelos Animales , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa/metabolismo , Pelvis/inervación , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/complicaciones , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/etiología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , Vagina/metabolismo
6.
BMC Complement Altern Med ; 14: 31, 2014 Jan 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24438380

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) was previously reported to have anti-hyperglycemic effects in animal diabetic model rats. However, its activity on organ and tissue level remains unstudied. Our study aims at exploring the possible effects, C. asiatica extract and insoluble fiber has on carbohydrate absorption, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization. METHODS: For primary evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic activity, we measured Fasting Blood Glucose and performed Glucose Tolerance Test, in type 2 diabetic rats. To further study the pancreatic effect and glucose utilization, plasma insulin concentration, insulin secreted from isolated rat islets and liver glycogen were assayed. Effect on carbohydrate break down was assayed using intestinal disaccharidase enzyme, α-amylase inhibition assays and Six-Segment study of the GI tract. Effect of C. asiatica on glucose absorption was studied by an in-situ, perfused, intestinal model in rats and by glucose-fiber binding assay. Gastrointestinal motility was seen by a BaSO4 milk traverse test. Additionally, a complete lipid profile assay, after a chronic study, was conducted. RESULTS: C. asiatica showed no significant change in insulin secretion in-vivo and in isolated rat islets. Additionally, no effect of the extract was seen on liver glycogen deposition. Retarded glucose absorption was seen in the in-situ perfused rat intestinal model at a dose. The extract was also found to inhibit action of both intestinal disaccharidase and α-amylase. This was confirmed, yet again, via the Six Segment study, where sucrose digestion was found to be inhibited throughout the length of the GI Tract. Significant glucose-fiber binding was demonstrated in the in-vitro models. During the chronic study, body mass of C. asiatica treated Type 2 diabetic rats returned to normal and their polydipsic and polyphagic conditions were also improved. Chronic treatment of C. asiatica also improved subject's lipid profile. CONCLUSION: A combination of in-vitro, in-vivo and in-situ tests confirmed the anti-hyperglycemic activity of C. asiatica and its tissue level mechanism. Further study is required to fully elucidate the effect this extract or the active compounds have on the individual glucose transporters and the precise mechanism of glucose-fiber binding.


Asunto(s)
Centella , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Glicósido Hidrolasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Triterpenos/farmacología , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreción de Insulina , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas , Sacarosa/metabolismo , Triterpenos/uso terapéutico
7.
J Diabetes Metab Disord ; 22(1): 189-197, 2023 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37255798

RESUMEN

Background: Natural restoratives from traditional medicinal plants are considered to be a convenient, potent, and risk-free substitute treatment for hyperglycaemia. Our objective was to explore the activity of the crude extract of Heritiera fomes on postprandial hyperglycaemia by assessing relative measurements in a laboratory animal model. Methods: The Streptozotocin induced diabetic rat (n = 88, twenty-two per group) was used for the glucose tolerance test as an initial support for the study. BaSO4 was administered orally as a marker to measure gut motility after one hour of methanolic extract (500 mg/kg body weight) administration where, only purified water (10 ml/kg) was used to treat the control group (n = 12) and a dose (500 mg/kg) of H. fomes extract was used for the test group (n = 12 in each group). After 60 min of incubation of the mixture of extract and glucose with 10% (v/v) yeast cell suspension, the absorbance was measured to determine the capacity of glucose absorption by yeast cells. Sixty Long Evans rats (n = 12 in each group) were used to assess disaccharidase enzyme activity as µmol/mg protein per hour by Lowry's protein estimation method. The carbohydrate absorption investigation was executed to evaluate the leftover sucrose content in the gastrointestinal system (n = 64). Results: After oral administration of MHFL (71.84%), MHFB (71.41%), and MHFR (72.55%), GI motility (%) increased significantly (p < 0.001) compared to the control group (59.06%). A significant increase in glucose uptake and adsorption capacity measured by different concentrations of glucose ensures the decrease of glucose bound rate and a significant drop in blood glucose concentration. The significant (p < 0.001) decrease in intestinal disaccharidase activity of MHFL (1.40), MHFB (1.36), and MHFR (1.20) in comparison to the control group (1.50) indicates that the presence of H. fomes may reduce glucose absorption in the small bowel. Significant (p < 0.001 & p < 0.05) accumulation of sucrose content in the six different parts of the GI tract suggests the absorption of sucrose was decreased. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide evidence on probable mechanisms for the anti-diabetic characteristics of H. fomes, and it is predicted that this plant will be studied further for the development of strong anti-hyperglycemic medicines.

8.
Br J Nutr ; 107(9): 1316-23, 2012 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21899804

RESUMEN

Asparagus racemosus roots have been shown to enhance insulin secretion in perfused pancreas and isolated islets. The present study investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of A. racemosus roots on glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats, together with the effects on insulin action in 3T3 adipocytes. When administered orally together with glucose, A. racemosus extract improved glucose tolerance in normal as well as in two types of diabetic rats. To investigate the possible effects on carbohydrate absorption, the sucrose content of the gastrointestinal tract was examined in 12 h fasted rats after an oral sucrose load (2.5 g/kg body weight). The extract significantly suppressed postprandial hyperglycaemia after sucrose ingestion and reversibly increased unabsorbed sucrose content throughout the gut. The extract also significantly inhibited the absorption of glucose during in situ gut perfusion with glucose. Furthermore, the extract enhanced glucose transport and insulin action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Daily administration of A. racemosus to type 2 diabetic rats for 28 d decreased serum glucose, increased pancreatic insulin, plasma insulin, liver glycogen and total oxidant status. These findings indicate that antihyperglycaemic activity of A. racemosus is partly mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, together with enhancement of insulin secretion and action in the peripheral tissue. Asparagus racemosus may be useful as a source of novel antidiabetic compounds or a dietary adjunct for the management of diabetes.


Asunto(s)
Asparagus/química , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Insulina/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Células 3T3 , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucosa/metabolismo , Homeostasis , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Absorción Intestinal , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Perfusión , Ratas , Ratas Long-Evans , Factores de Tiempo
9.
Metabolites ; 12(10)2022 Oct 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36295897

RESUMEN

Annona squamosa, commonly known as custard apple, is traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and gastritis. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of an ethanolic (80% v/v) extract of A. squamosa (EEAS) leaves in vitro on insulin secretion from clonal pancreatic BRIN BD11 ß-cells and mouse islets, including mechanistic studies on the effect of EEAS on membrane potential and intracellular calcium ion concentration. Additional in vitro glucose-lowering actions were assessed. For in vivo studies, high-fat-fed (HFF) obese/normal rats were selected. EEAS increased insulin secretion in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was linked to ß-cell membrane depolarisation and cytoplasmic Ca2+ influx. In the presence of isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX), tolbutamide, or KCl, the insulin-releasing effect of EEAS was increased, suggesting its effect was also mediated via a KATP-independent pathways. EEAS inhibited insulin glycation, glucose absorption, and DPP-IV enzyme activity in vitro and enhanced glucose uptake and insulin action in 3T3L1 cells. In vivo, gut motility, food intake, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and active GLP-1 (7-36) levels were improved, whereas plasma DPP-IV levels were reduced in HFF rats. EEAS attenuated the absorption of sucrose and glucose as well as decreased serum glucose levels after sucrose loading and in situ intestinal perfusion in non-diabetic rats. Rutin, proanthocyanidin, and squafosacin G were putatively identified as the anti-hyperglycaemic phytomolecules in EEAS using HPLC followed by LC-MS analysis. This study illustrates the potential of A. squamosa and its phytoconstituents as a source of potential antidiabetic agents.

10.
Medicines (Basel) ; 9(11)2022 Nov 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36422117

RESUMEN

Camellia sinensis (green tea) is used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments. In the present study, the insulin-releasing and glucose-lowering effects of the ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis (EECS), along with molecular mechanism/s of action, were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The insulin secretion was measured using clonal pancreatic BRIN BD11 ß cells, and mouse islets. In vitro models examined the additional glucose-lowering properties of EECS, and 3T3L1 adipocytes were used to assess glucose uptake and insulin action. Non-toxic doses of EECS increased insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, and this regulatory effect was similar to that of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). The insulin release was further enhanced when combined with isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), tolbutamide or 30 mM KCl, but was decreased in the presence of verapamil, diazoxide and Ca2+ chelation. EECS also depolarized the ß-cell membrane and elevated intracellular Ca2+, suggesting the involvement of a KATP-dependent pathway. Furthermore, EECS increased glucose uptake and insulin action in 3T3-L1 cells and inhibited dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme activity, starch digestion and protein glycation in vitro. Oral administration of EECS improved glucose tolerance and plasma insulin as well as inhibited plasma DPP-IV and increased active GLP-1 (7-36) levels in high-fat-diet-fed rats. Flavonoids and other phytochemicals present in EECS could be responsible for these effects. Further research on the mechanism of action of EECS compounds could lead to the development of cost-effective treatments for type 2 diabetes.

11.
Life (Basel) ; 12(8)2022 Jul 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36013325

RESUMEN

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is spreading alarmingly around the globe. Type-2 DM (T2DM) is characterized by low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance and is closely linked to obesity. T2DM is mainly controlled by lifestyle/dietary changes and oral antidiabetic drugs but requires insulin in severe cases. Many of the drugs that are currently used to treat DM are costly and present adverse side effects. Several cellular, animal, and clinical studies have provided compelling evidence that flavonoids have therapeutic potential in the management of diabetes and its complications. Quercetin is a flavonoid, present in various natural sources, which has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic properties. It improves oral glucose tolerance, as well as pancreatic ß-cell function to secrete insulin. It inhibits the α-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzymes, which prolong the half-life of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Quercetin also suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mode(s) of action of quercetin at the molecular level. This review demonstrates the therapeutic potential of quercetin in the management of T2DM.

12.
Integr Cancer Ther ; 21: 15347354221096766, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35796303

RESUMEN

The efficacy of chemotherapy depends on the tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment consists of a complex cellular network that can exert both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on tumor genesis. Given the increasing interest in the effectiveness of cannabis, cannabinoids have gained much attention as a potential chemotherapy drug. Cannabinoids are a group of marker compounds found in Cannabis sativa L., more commonly known as marijuana, a psychoactive drug used since ancient times for pain management. Although the anticancer potential of C. sativa, has been recognized previously, increased attention was generated after discovering the endocannabinoid system and the successful production of cannabinoid receptors. In vitro and in vivo studies on various tumor models have shown therapeutic efficiency by modifying the tumor microenvironment. However, despite extensive attention regarding potential therapeutic implications of cannabinoids, considerable clinical and preclinical analysis is needed to adequately define the physiological, pharmacological, and medicinal aspects of this range of compounds in various disorders covered in this review. This review summarizes the key literature surrounding the role of cannabinoids in the tumor microenvironment and their future promise in cancer treatment.


Asunto(s)
Cannabinoides , Cannabis , Neoplasias , Cannabinoides/farmacología , Cannabinoides/uso terapéutico , Endocannabinoides , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptores de Cannabinoides , Microambiente Tumoral
13.
J Shoulder Elbow Surg ; 20(8): 1323-7, 2011 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21600791

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Reverse-geometry shoulder replacement requires fixation of a baseplate (called a metaglene) to the glenoid, to which a convex glenosphere is attached. Most systems use screws to achieve this fixation. The suprascapular nerve passes close to the glenoid and is known to be at risk of injury when devices and sutures are inserted into the glenoid. We investigate the risk posed to the suprascapular nerve by placement of metaglene fixation screws. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten cadaveric shoulder specimens were used. A metaglene was inserted and fixed by use of 4 screws. The suprascapular nerve was dissected and its branches identified. The screw tips and their proximity to the nerve and branches were identified and recorded. RESULTS: The superior and posterior screws posed the most risk to the suprascapular nerve. The nerve was engaged by the posterior screw on 4 occasions and was within 5 mm of the nerve or a branch of it in 5 others. The superior screw was extraosseous on 4 occasions, making contact with the nerve in 3 of those 4 specimens and being within 2 mm of it in the fourth specimen. CONCLUSION: Metaglene fixation with screws poses a significant risk to the suprascapular nerve. Caution should be used when inserting the posterior and superior screws in particular. Short locking screws may allow adequate fixation while minimizing the risk of neurologic injury.


Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo/efectos adversos , Tornillos Óseos , Plexo Braquial/lesiones , Prótesis Articulares , Modelos Anatómicos , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/etiología , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Artroplastia de Reemplazo/métodos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Cadáver , Humanos , Diseño de Prótesis , Articulación del Hombro/inervación
14.
Plants (Basel) ; 10(6)2021 Jun 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34208010

RESUMEN

Acacia arabica is used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes. This study elucidated the antidiabetic actions of A. arabica bark together with the isolation of bioactive molecules. Insulin secretion and signal transduction were measured using clonal ß cells and mouse islets. Glucose uptake was assessed using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and in vitro systems assessed additional glucose-lowering actions. High-fat-fed (HFF) obese rats were used for in vivo evaluation, and phytoconstituents were isolated and characterised by RP-HPLC followed by LC-MS and NMR. Hot-water extract of A. arabica (HWAA) increased insulin release from clonal ß cells and mouse islets by 1.3-6.8-fold and 1.6-3.2-fold, respectively. Diazoxide, verapamil and calcium-free conditions decreased insulin-secretory activity by 30-42%. In contrast, isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), tolbutamide and 30 mM KCl potentiated the insulin-secretory effects. The mechanism of actions of HWAA involved membrane depolarisation and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ together with an increase in glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes, inhibition of starch digestion, glucose diffusion, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme activity and protein glycation. Acute HWAA administration (250 mg/5 mL/kg) enhanced glucose tolerance and plasma insulin in HFF obese rats. Administration of HWAA (250 mg/5 mL/kg) for 9 days improved glucose homeostasis and ß-cell functions, thereby improving glycaemic control, and circulating insulin. Isolated phytoconstituents, including quercetin and kaempferol, increased insulin secretion in vitro and improved glucose tolerance. The results indicate that HWAA has the potential to treat type 2 diabetes as a dietary supplement or as a source of antidiabetic agents, including quercetin and kaempferol.

15.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 253: 112647, 2020 May 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32035878

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HRS) is a tropical flowery plant, widely distributed in Asian region and an important traditional medicine used in many diseases including cough, diarrhoea and diabetes. AIM OF THIS STUDY: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HRS) leaves have been reported to possess anti-hyperglycaemic activity, but little is known concerning the underlying mechanism. This study investigated effects of ethanol extract of HRS on insulin release and glucose homeostasis in a type 2 diabetic rat model. MATERIALS & METHODS: Effects of ethanol extract of grinded H. rosa-sinensis (HRS) leaves on insulin release, membrane potential and intracellular calcium were determined using rat clonal ß-cells (BRIN-BD11 cells) and isolated mouse pancreatic islets. Effects on DPP-IV enzyme activity were investigated in vitro. Acute effects of HRS on glucose tolerance, gut perfusion in situ, sucrose content, intestinal disaccharidase activity and gut motility were measured. Streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats treated for 28 days with ethanol extract of HRS leaf (250 and 500 mg/kg) were used to assess glucose homeostasis. RESULTS: HRS, significantly increased insulin release from clonal rat BRIN-BD11 cells and this action was confirmed using isolated mouse pancreas islets with stimulatory effects equivalent to GLP-1. HRS induced membrane depolarization and increased intracellular Ca2+ in BRIN BD11 cells and significantly inhibited DPP-IV enzyme activity in vitro. HRS administration in vivo improved glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic rats, inhibited both glucose absorption during gut perfusion and postprandial hyperglycaemia and it reversibly increased unabsorbed sucrose passage through the gut following sucrose ingestion. HRS decreased intestinal disaccharidase activity and increased gastrointestinal motility in non-diabetic rats. In a chronic 28-day study with type 2 diabetic rats, HRS, at 250 or 500 mg/kg, significantly decreased serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and increased circulating insulin, HDL cholesterol and hepatic glycogen without increasing body weight. CONCLUSION: These data suggest the antihyperglycaemic activity of HRS is mediated by inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption, while significantly enhancing insulin secretion in a dose dependent manner. This suggests that HRS has potential as a novel antidiabetic therapy or a dietary supplement for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Hibiscus , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Secreción de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Páncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Páncreas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Ratas Long-Evans
16.
Biosci Rep ; 39(8)2019 08 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31375555

RESUMEN

Nigella sativa seeds are traditionally reputed as possessing anti-diabetic properties. As a result, we aim to explore the mechanism of its anti-hyperglycemic activity. The present study uses various experimental designs including gastrointestinal (GI) motility, intestinal disaccharidase activity and inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the gut. The animals used as type 2 diabetic models were induced with streptozotocin to make them as such. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed to confirm that the animals were indeed diabetic. The extract reduced postprandial glucose, suggesting it interfered with glucose absorption in the gut. It also improved glucose (2.5g/kg, b/w) tolerance in rats. Furthermore, treatment with N. sativa produced a significant improvement in GI motility, while reduced disaccharidase enzyme activity in fasted rats. The extract produced a similar effect within an acute oral sucrose (2.5g/kg, b/w) load assay. Following sucrose administration, a substantial amount of unabsorbed sucrose was found in six different parts of the GI tract. This indicates that N. sativa has the potentiality to liberate GI content and reduce or delay glucose absorption. A potential hypoglycemic activity of the extract found in insulin release assay, where the extract significantly improved insulin secretion from isolated rat islets. These concluded present findings give rise to the implication that N. sativa seeds are generating postprandial anti-hyperglycemic activity within type 2 diabetic animal models via reducing or delaying carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the gut as well as improving insulin secretion in response to the plasma glucose.


Asunto(s)
Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono/efectos de los fármacos , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Secreción de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Nigella sativa/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Semillas/química , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Islotes Pancreáticos/patología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Ratas Long-Evans
17.
J Endocrinol ; 192(1): 159-68, 2007 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17210753

RESUMEN

Asparagus racemosus root has previously been reported to reduce blood glucose in rats and rabbits. In the present study, the effects of the ethanol extract and five partition fractions of the root of A. racemosus were evaluated on insulin secretion together with exploration of their mechanisms of action. The ethanol extract and each of the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate partition fractions concentration-dependently stimulated insulin secretion in isolated perfused rat pancreas, isolated rat islet cells and clonal beta-cells. The stimulatory effects of the ethanol extract, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate partition fractions were potentiated by glucose, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine IBMX, tolbutamide and depolarizing concentration of KCl. Inhibition of A. racemosus-induced insulin release was observed with diazoxide and verapamil. Ethanol extract and five fractions increased intracellular Ca(2+), consistent with the observed abolition of insulin secretory effects under Ca(2+) -free conditions. These findings reveal that constituents of A. racemosus root extracts have wide-ranging stimulatory effects on physiological insulinotropic pathways. Future work assessing the use of this plant as a source of active components may provide new opportunities for diabetes therapy.


Asunto(s)
Asparagus , Insulina/metabolismo , Páncreas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Células Clonales , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Secreción de Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Espacio Intracelular/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Páncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Perfusión , Fitoterapia , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Estimulación Química
18.
Fitoterapia ; 78(7-8): 526-9, 2007 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17651914

RESUMEN

Investigations were carried out to evaluate the effect of Ipomoea aquatica aqueous and dichloromethane/methanol extracts on the glucose absorption using a rat intestinal preparation in situ. Extracts orally tested at the dose of 160 mg/kg exerted a significant inhibitory effect on glucose absorption when compared with control animals. The most pronounced effect was observed with the aqueous extract. Ouabain used as reference inhibitor strongly inhibited glucose absorption. On the other hand both plant extracts inhibited the gastrointestinal motility suggesting that the inhibition of glucose absorption is not due to the acceleration of intestinal transit.


Asunto(s)
Glucosa/farmacocinética , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Ipomoea , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Tallos de la Planta , Ratas , Ratas Long-Evans
19.
Biosci Rep ; 37(3)2017 Jun 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28336764

RESUMEN

Moringa oleifera has potential anti-hyperglycaemic effects that have been reported earlier by different scientific groups using animal models of diabetes. We aimed to explore the possible mechanisms of action of M. oleifera extract through different methods. Primarily, we measured fasting blood glucose and performed glucose tolerance test, in Type 2 diabetic rats. Further, we studied the effects of extracts on pancreatic insulin concentration. Extracts' effect on carbohydrate breakdown was assayed using α-amylase inhibition assays and assay of six different segments of gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. An in situ intestinal perfusion model and a glucose fibre assay were performed to see the potentiality of M. oleifera on glucose absorption. M. oleifera showed no significant change in insulin secretion in vivo Additionally, substantial effect of the extract was seen on retarded glucose absorption and in the in situ perfusion study of rat intestinal model. α-amylase action was inhibited by the extract, yet again, these findings were further confirmed via the Six Segment assay, where sucrose digestion was found to be inhibited throughout the length of the GI tract. A combined in vitro, in vivo and in situ tests justified the potential of anti-hyperglycaemic activity of M. oleifera and its tissue level mechanism is also justified.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Glicósido Hidrolasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Moringa oleifera , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Glicósido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/sangre , Hiperglucemia/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Insulina/metabolismo , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Moringa oleifera/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Long-Evans
20.
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol ; 28(2): 171-179, 2017 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28121616

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the scientific basis of traditional application of Persicaria orientalis for reducing pain and inflammation. METHODS: An in vitro method was performed to investigate the presence of the anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic crude extract of P. orientalis. In addition, an in vivo study was conducted in which the hot-plate and tail immersion methods were applied to explore the acute effect of P. orientalis on analgesia. The potency to inhibit chronic inflammation in mice was justified by the carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema methods. For all in vivo testing in animal models (albino mice and rats), plant extract was given via the oral route at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. RESULTS: The methanolic extract of P. orientalis produced a significant (p<0.001) inhibition of analgesia with a prolongation of pain response time by 61.80% at 500 mg/kg. The extract also exhibited a potential anti-inflammatory (56.99%) effect, which was also statistically significant (p<0.001). The present study suggests that the methanolic extract of P. orientalis has potential anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic activity and this extract is effective in the treatment of both acute and chronic pain. CONCLUSIONS: Our current study revealed pharmacological properties of the methanolic extract of P. orientalis and also gave a solid scientific platform against its traditional use. The protecting ability of P. orientalis against inflammatory stimuli may be due to phenolic or flavonoid compounds which we have found through phytochemical analysis.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/farmacología , Dimensión del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Polygonaceae , Analgésicos/aislamiento & purificación , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/patología , Humanos , Metanol/farmacología , Metanol/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/patología , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
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