Efficacy of tafamidis in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In May 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved tafamidis as the first conservative management of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM). Our aim in conducting this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of tafamidis on patients with ATTR-CM. For that purpose, we thoroughly searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Clinical trails.gov by using the appropriate search strategy and following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, which retrieved 235 articles initially. Of which two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one observational study matched our inclusion criteria. A total of 876 patients are included in this analysis. Based on results, tafamidis significantly reduced cardiovascular (CV) mortality in the ATTR-ACT trial and Ochi et al. (OR 0.58; 95% CI: [0.41-0.83], P=0.003, I 2=87%). A subgroup analysis was conducted for CV mortality due to heart failure (OR 0.89; 95% CI: [0.63-1.25], P=0.50, I 2=93%). The results exhibit that tafamidis reduced all causes of mortality (OR 0.45; 95% CI: [0.32-0.64], P≤0.00001, I 2=22%). Furthermore, mortality remained statistically insignificant in patients with heart transplants (OR 1.18; 95% CI: [0.52-2.70], P=0.70, I 2=0%) and patients with cardiac mechanical assist devices (OR 4.15; 95% CI: [0.48-35.66], P=0.20, I 2=0%). This meta-analysis suggests that tafamidis is a safe and efficient drug to use in patients with ATTR-CM and can possess the potential to be a milestone in enhancing the conservative management of the patients.

The unpredictable resorption of bioresorbable scaffolds-A tale of two ABSORBs.

Bioresorbable stents represent a revolutionary treatment for coronary artery disease. Such a device offers the prospect for complete naturalization of artery lumen after strut resorption and restoration of vasomotion while curtailing the duration of dual anti-platelet therapy. The prototype bioresorbable scaffold (BRS-ABSORB GT1) demonstrated good feasibility and safety in the initial studies compared to metallic drug eluting stent but later fell out of favor due to multiple report of stent thrombosis and target lesion failure. Unpredictable resorption of struts turned out to be one of the "Achilles heel" of the BRS and stent strut were still visible in vessel on optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 3 years. We report a case of differential resorption of two ABSORB BRS implanted simultaneously in the same patient by the same operator. Follow up coronary angiogram revealed only minimal plaques on right coronary artery (RCA) and left anterior descending artery (LAD). The BRS were identified on cine-angiogram by their radio-opaque markers at both ends. The OCT run in LAD artery revealed "ghost remnants" of BRS struts in LAD, whereas the RCA BRS had completely healed with minimal "ghost" struts. The ghost remnants of BRS resembled the original "Check box" appearance on OCT during the index implantation.

Exploring the impact of diet and nutrition on vitiligo: A systematic review of dietary factors and nutritional interventions.

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo, an autoimmune skin disorder linked to hormonal and genetic factors, results in reduced pigmentation due to a gradual decline in melanocyte activity. This systematic review delves into the role of dietary intervention and nutrition in managing vitiligo. METHODS: A comprehensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and European PMC identified 214 studies, with 14 meeting inclusion criteria post-screening. The selected studies primarily explored the impact of dietary supplements on disease activity. RESULTS: Heavy metal exposure, specifically Cd, Pb, and Hg, indicated potential links to heightened reactive oxygen species and vitiligo development. Conflicting evidence emerged regarding the role of trace minerals (Zn and Cu), with some studies suggesting deficiencies and others proposing excesses in vitiligo patients. Vitamins with anti-inflammatory properties like vitamin C, D, and B12, along with antioxidants, were investigated for their potential in repigmentation strategies. Additionally, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially in varying types of fat consumption, were implicated. Emphasizing the need to reduce reliance on pharmacological and phototherapy interventions, the review uncovers novel roles for dietary supplements as adjuncts or flare reducers. CONCLUSION: While dietary interventions cannot be thought of as a standalone therapy, they still make a case for being used as adjuncts. Large scale clinical trials are warranted to establish strong evidence and protocols, and might also help reduce the dependency on pharmacological methods, which come with their adverse effect profiles.

Probiotic formulations and gastro-intestinal diseases in the paediatric population: a narrative review.

Background/Aim: Probiotics are live microbial supplements that improve the microbial balance in the host animal when administered in adequate amounts. They play an important role in relieving symptoms of many diseases associated with gastrointestinal tract, for example, in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), antibiotic-associated diarrhea, relapsing Clostridium difficile colitis, Helicobacter pylori infections, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this narrative review, the authors aim to evaluate the role of different probiotic formulations in treating gastrointestinal diseases in pediatric population aged 18 years or younger and highlight the main considerations for selecting probiotic formulations for use in this population. Methodology: The authors searched PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception to 24th July 2022, without any restrictions. Using an iterative process, the authors subsequently added papers through hand-searching citations contained within retrieved articles and relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: The effectiveness of single-organism and composite probiotics in treating gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric patients aged 18 or under were analyzed and compared in this study. A total of 39 studies were reviewed and categorized based on positive and negative outcomes, and compared with a placebo, resulting in 25 studies for single-organism and 14 studies for composite probiotics. Gastrointestinal disorders studied included NEC, acute gastroenteritis (AGE), Acute Diarrhea, Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and others. The results show that probiotics are effective in treating various gastrointestinal disorders in children under 18, with single-organism probiotics demonstrating significant positive outcomes in most studies, and composite probiotics showing positive outcomes in all studies analyzed, with a low incidence of negative outcomes for both types. Conclusion: This study concludes that single-organism and composite probiotics are effective complementary therapies for treating gastrointestinal disorders in the pediatric population. Hence, healthcare professionals should consider using probiotics in standard treatment regimens, and educating guardians can enhance the benefits of probiotic therapy. Further research is recommended to identify the optimal strains and dosages for specific conditions and demographics. The integration of probiotics in clinical practice and ongoing research can contribute to reducing the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric patients.

Lipoid proteinosis: A rare genodermatosis with multisystemic manifestations-A case report.

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis, which is characterized by the deposition of amorphous hyaline material in various tissues, including the mucosa, visceral organs, and skin. We report a case of a 11-year-old girl born to consanguineous parents presented with multisystemic manifestations of the disorder. The patient presented with progressive skin lesions evolving from blisters to papules, distinctive beaded papules along eyelid margins, hoarseness of voice, impaired speech, hair loss, and a painful jaw swelling. Clinical examination revealed waxy skin, atrophic scars, and keratotic plaques. Histopathology report revealed amorphous hyaline eosinophilic material deposition. This case report highlights the multisystemic manifestations of LP and the importance of early diagnosis and management.

Long-term outcomes of titanium-nitride-oxide coated stents and drug-eluting stents in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In severe cases of coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention provide promising results. The stent used could be a drug-eluting stent (DES) or a titanium-nitride-oxide coated stent (TiNOS). AIM: To compare the 5-year effectiveness and safety of the two stent types. METHODS: The following systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines, and PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central were searched from inception till August 2023. Primary outcomes were major adverse cardiac events (MACE), cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death or MI, and ischemia-driven total lesion revascularization (ID-TLR). RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials (RCT), which analyzed a sum total of 3045 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after a median follow-up time of 5 years were included. Though statistically insignificant, an increase in the ID-TLR was observed in patients receiving TiNOSs vs DESs. In addition, MI, cardiac death and MI, and definite stent thrombosis (DST) were significantly decreased in the TiNOS arm. Baseline analysis revealed no significant results with meta-regression presenting non-ST elevated MI (NSTEMI) as a statistically significant covariate in the outcome of MACE. CONCLUSION: TiNOS was found to be superior to DES in terms of MI, cardiac death or MI, and DST outcomes, however, the effect of the two stent types on ID-TLR and MACE was not significant. A greater number of studies are required to establish an accurate comparison of patient outcomes in TiNOS and DES.

Recent outbreak of diphtheria in Pakistan; short communication.

Diphtheria, a vaccine-preventable bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria usually starts with sore throat and fever and often results in breathing difficulties, heart rhythm problems, and rarely membranous pharyngitis. Although nursing these complications can help most people survive diphtheria, but it can be deadly in 5-10% of cases with higher death rates observed in children under 5 years of age or adults above 40. For the year 2022, 92 cases have been reported by seven European countries. Sixty-six of the reported cases presented with cutaneous diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria while cases of respiratory diphtheria have also been reported, including one fatal case. The increase in diphtheria cases can be linked to an increased volume of migrants from diphtheria-endemic countries causing transmission of pathogens from countries of origin to recipient countries. Today the authors can treat diphtheria infections by using antibiotics and also prevent the disease with a vaccine. General population should be given awareness and educated in regard to disease prevention and appropriately implement administration of Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Pertussis Vaccines among people at risk for their own protection and urgently call for an action to eliminate the disease before its further spread as an outbreak.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in personalized medicine: AI-generated personalized therapy regimens based on genetic and medical history: short communication.

Personalized medicine entails tailoring medical care to an individual's unique genomic and molecular characteristics. AI holds significant promise in advancing the field of personalized medicine. The challenge lies in effectively analyzing vast amounts of data to create tailored treatment approaches. The incorporation of AI into personalized treatment will require healthcare infrastructure adjustments. Upon patients' arrival, their personal data and clinical information (including images, electrophysiology findings, genetic data, blood pressure, medical notes, etc.) are gathered into the AI system with their consent. Subsequently, the AI system utilizes this patient-specific data to offer healthcare recommendations, aiding healthcare professionals in their clinical decision-making. Results and insights from these recommendations, whether accurate or not, are logged and fed back into the AI system to enhance its precision.

Outbreak of leptospirosis amidst COVID'19 in Tanzania: a new threat? Short communication.

As the world is still fighting to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus, the United Republic of Tanzania has been confronting yet another bacterial infection called leptospirosis (LS). It is caused by the spirochete bacteria of genus Leptospira, and has been known to infect several people, already claiming a number of lives. It infects 1 million people annually with ~60 000 deaths having a fatality rate of 6.85% worldwide. COVID has profusely burdened the healthcare system worldwide within the past 2 years; it has sabotaged medical management and brought down resources, which has now made it difficult for any country to withstand another pandemic. LS has overburdened the medical care system of Tanzania abjectly; it is now imperative not to overlook environmental factors, like a flood, the presence of rodents, unsatisfactory socioeconomic conditions in areas where dogs reside, substandard wastewater and garbage disposal facilities, or any other factor which might lead to further spread of LS and put Tanzania in jeopardy.

Rising trends of foodborne illnesses in the U.S.: short communication.

Foodborne illness is caused by the intake of food and water contaminated by different bacteria, viruses, and parasites, as well as poisons or toxins. Approximately 31 different pathogens are documented as causative organisms for causing foodborne illness outbreaks. Climatic changes and varying agricultural practices contribute significantly to the increased incidence of foodborne illness. Foodborne illness can also occur due to the utilization of improperly cooked food. The symptoms of food poisoning may appear sooner or later after contaminated food intake. Symptoms may vary among individuals depending on the disease severity. Despite continuous preventive measures, foodborne illness is still a significant public health threat in the United States. Frequent dining at fast-food restaurants and the use of processed foods present an immense risk of foodborne illness. The food supply in the United States is among the safest in the world, yet we see a surge in foodborne illnesses. People should be encouraged to wash their hands before cooking, and the utensils in which food is being prepared should be kept clean and washed properly before using them. Physicians and other healthcare professionals are facing a host of new challenges in responding to foodborne illnesses. Patients should seek a doctor immediately when they experience symptoms like blood in the stool, hematemesis, prolonged diarrhea for 3 or more days, severe abdominal cramping, and high fever.

A tale of two in stent restenosis in same patient: Surprising findings from optical coherence tomography.

Key Clinical Message: The morphology of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in drug eluting stents varies greatly from that of bare metal stents. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a useful aid for identifying the nature of ISR and planning the treatment accordingly, which may be by intravascular lithotripsy, cutting balloon or Rotablator, which can be used upfront if OCT shows calcified neoatherosclerosis. Abstract: Restenosis is the decrease in the diameter of the vessel lumen after the performance of percutaneous intervention (PCI), which may or may not involve the implantation of a stent. The morphology of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in drug eluting stents (DES) vary greatly from that of bare metal stents (BMS). We present the case of a 60-years-old lady, who was a follow up case of PCI of the left anterior descending artery with DES and left circumflex artery using BMS 16 years ago. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed both neoatherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia in both DES as well as BMS. The morphology of ISR in DES differed from that of BMS. PCI and pharmacological strategies form the main stream of management in case of neointimal hyperplasia. Detection of pattern of ISR on OCT can direct the management of a particular patient, which may be by the use of adjunct devices like intravascular lithotripsy, cutting balloon and Rotablator, which can be used upfront if OCT shows calcified neoatherosclerosis.

Hepatitis is still a major health concern in Pakistan: short communication.

Hepatitis is often called a 'silent killer' as most patients remain asymptomatic and hence remain unaware of their illness. They are either diagnosed incidentally or get symptomatic when their illness advances years after getting the infection. In Pakistan, transmission has increased due to ignorance of sterilization techniques, sharing personal items, and unsafe healthcare practices and the burden of liver cancers and transplants has risen three-fold during the past 20 years. Chronic hepatitis often goes undetected, leading to a rise in liver cancers and transplants. Pakistan bears the second-largest burden of hepatitis C globally, with a nationwide prevalence of 4.8%. From 2015 to 2019, there was a 5% increase in hepatitis C-related deaths and an 8% increase in hepatitis B-related deaths. During the last 4 years, out of the 110 million population, only 281 578 individuals were screened for hepatitis B and C, and 1 634 614 individuals were registered at various hepatitis clinics. However, only 278 308 patients were treated. Despite a national vaccination strategy, coverage falls short, and regular screening is neglected. The burden of hepatitis-related morbidity is a considerable challenge for the Pakistani government and healthcare system, being a low-income country with limited health resources and limited access to treatment. Increased awareness, education, and emphasizing preventive measures, such as hepatitis B vaccination, is crucial. Careful supervision of healthcare workers and the promotion of safe practices are essential. Pakistan can learn and implement the Egypt model to combat hepatitis effectively. This article aims to discuss barriers and challenges and provides possible recommendations.

The need for neonatal jaundice screening awareness in the Pakistani population: short communication.

Neonatal jaundice is a common illness that affects around 80% of preterm and 50-60% of full-term newborn infants. It is one of the most common causes of neonatal death. Neonatal jaundice may be physiological or pathological. Physiologic jaundice is far more common than pathologic jaundice and accounts for most hyperbilirubinemia. Physiologic jaundice in neonates is due to greater hemoglobin breakdown compared to bilirubin clearance. While pathological jaundice occurs due to various infections, drug toxicity, inborn enzyme deficiencies, Rhesus fetal-maternal incompatibility, hypothyroidism, and congenital biliary duct obstruction diseases. In many parts of the world, midwives, and nurses perform spontaneous vaginal deliveries and they only rely on visual screening for neonatal jaundice. However, this is not reliable, especially for newborns having darker skin. Educating the mothers on screening for early detection of neonatal jaundice and seeking medical treatment in a country like Pakistan, which is considered a high-risk population, is crucial. Also, as most females give birth at home, hence, midwives' knowledge about neonatal jaundice also needs to be improved.

Dreadful infectious disease outbreaks threaten flood-ravaged pakistan: short communication.

A rise in the incidence of water-borne, communicable illnesses, and viral outbreaks in Pakistan follows periods of heavy rainfall. Due to climate change, floods and droughts have had devastating effects on human health by facilitating the spread of infectious illnesses including cholera, malaria, typhoid, dengue fever, and viral hepatitis A. Food instability, starvation, malnutrition, and a lack of potable water are only some of the indirect effects of flooding on health. Recently, one of the worst floods in history devastated Pakistan, affecting more than 333 million people along with a significant portion of the nation submerged. Malaria, dengue fever, and other ailments are on the rise in Pakistan, threatening to overwhelm the country's healthcare infrastructure. There is an urgent need for preventative measures in Pakistan to cope with dreadful outbreaks.

Donor's ability to comprehend and carefully assess the benefits and risks of donation in living donor liver transplantation: a Pakistani perspective - a short communication.

Patients unlikely to obtain deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) are offered living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) as an alternative. The success of LDLT is bound to the availability of altruistic donors who undergo smooth and safe surgery. Donor morbidity is reported to be up to 20-30%, while donor mortality is only 0.1-0.5%. Globally, LDLT poses numerous ethical concerns regarding living donors, such as autonomy, non-maleficence, and beneficence. The donor's comprehension of information is a serious issue in LDLT. The donors may underestimate the risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as can ignore the long-term psychological consequences. Furthermore, donor voluntariness may be questionable as the donors may agree to donate under severe family pressure or emotional attachment. We propose open communication with all the donors, ensuring that they should not be subjected to any undue pressure or emotional lability. Donor knowledge and understanding of potential complications and the psychosocial aspect can be augmented by good communication. We also suggest that the donors' education and psychological evaluation should be done in a friendly environment with complete privacy. Interventions should be aimed at improving communication and independent decision-making with the use of e-health educational tools for comprehension assessment.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, a rare disease in newborns: a case report.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a type of hemolytic anemia in which autoantibodies attack the membrane antigens of red blood cells, causing cell rupture (lysis). Hemolysis stimulates compensatory RBC production by boosting erythropoietin levels; however, this response is often insufficient to restore normal hemoglobin blood levels, resulting in anemia. It is a rare disease, with an annual incidence of one case in every 80 000 live births. Infants of any age can be affected, though neonatal incidence is unusual. Here, the authors report a rare case of AIHA in the neonatal period with concomitant atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. Case presentation: A one-hour-old male neonate weighing 3 kg who was born at 38 weeks of gestation presented to the pediatric department with the complaint of respiratory distress. Examination revealed obvious respiratory distress with subcostal and intercostal recessions and a continuous grade 2 murmur at the left upper chest; the liver was palpable 1 cm below the right subcostal margin with a palpable splenic tip. Laboratory investigations were ordered, which showed hemoglobin was decreasing continuously and bilirubin was raised, suspecting AIHA. A positive blood culture, tachycardia, tachypnea, and a raised leukocyte count showed that the baby was in sepsis. The baby improved clinically, and the complete blood count showed improved Hb. Cardiac examination findings and a second-grade continuous murmur at the left upper chest were further investigated through echocardiography, which showed a grade 2 atrial septal defect, a muscular ventricular septal defect, and a patent ductus arteriosus. Clinical discussion: Childhood AIHA is a rare and underrated disease that differs from the adult form. The disease's initial manifestation and subsequent course are both poorly understood. It affects mostly young children, and a high prevalence (21%) is found in infants. In some patients, there is a genetic predisposition to the development of this disease, and there is underlying immune deregulation in more than half of the cases, necessitating long-term homogeneous multidisciplinary follow-up. It is of two types, primary and secondary, and according to the study conducted in France, AIHA is associated not only with other autoimmune diseases but with some systemic diseases as well, like neurological, digestive, chromosomal abnormalities, and cardiac diseases, as in our case. Conclusion: There is a scarcity of data on clinical management and treatment strategies. More research should be done to know the environmental factors that can trigger the immune response against red blood cells. Moreover, a therapeutic trial is essential for a better outcome and helps prevent serious complications.

Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of the atlanto-dental interval in a healthy Karachi population: a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: The atlantoaxial joint has a complex anatomical configuration and has a wide range of mobility. Traumatic, inflammatory, and neoplastic joint pathologies frequently affect this joint. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate the atlanto-dental intervals (ADI) in patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) scans of the neck and cervical spine in at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021, following approval from the hospital ethical review committee. Patients above the age of 15 who underwent CT scans were included, while individuals with a history of cervical trauma, infection, rheumatoid arthritis, or congenital anomalies, as well as those younger than 15 years old, were excluded. CT scans were performed using a multidetector scanner utilizing a standardized protocol. Sagittal and coronal images were reconstructed. ADI measurements, including anterior ADI (AADI), posterior ADI (PADI), and lateral ADI (LADI) on both sides, were determined using appropriate bone window settings. A radiologist with a minimum of 3 years of experience analyzed the CT scans. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.3±17.7 years (age range: 16-85 years). The mean AADI was 1.4±0.4 mm, with a range of 0.0-2.1 mm. The mean PADI was 19.1±1.9 mm, with a range of 13.8-24.6 mm. The mean left LADI measurement was 3.3±1.2 mm with a range of 1.2-10.0 mm, and the mean right LADI measurement was 3.2±1.1 mm with a range of 1.2-6.3 mm. Conclusion: Our study examined the ADI in patients who underwent CT scans of the neck and cervical spine in Karachi. The findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between ADI measurements, age, and sex. These results contribute to our understanding of the anatomical variations in this region, which may aid in the diagnosis and management of cervical spine disorders.

Lack of knowledge regarding the misuse of domperidone in Pakistan and its serious consequences: short communication.

Domperidone is an antagonist of the peripheral dopamine (D2) receptor. It works as an antiemetic by blocking D2-receptors at the chemoreceptor trigger zone and as a gastroprokinetic drug by blocking GI tract D2-receptors. According to research, using domperidone significantly raises the risk of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death by 70%, most likely through prolonging the QT interval. Blockade of hERG voltage-gated potassium channels is thought to be the reason. Here in Pakistan, this drug is being prescribed by every other physician and even patients frequently self-medicate themselves with it. Due to the serious side effects of this medication, extreme caution should be exercised when prescribing it, especially to the elderly, those who have underlying QT prolongation, those taking medications known to prolong QT, and even more so in pregnant women as there is some evidence that domperidone crosses into breast milk in small amounts and causes an irregular heartbeat in the baby. At least we, on our part, can limit the usage of the drug only with a prescription and, where necessary, if not completely, stop it.

Baicalein as Promising Anticancer Agent: A Comprehensive Analysis on Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.

Despite significant therapeutic advancements for cancer, an atrocious global burden (for example, health and economic) and radio- and chemo-resistance limit their effectiveness and result in unfavorable health consequences. Natural compounds are generally considered safer than synthetic drugs, and their use in cancer treatment alone, or in combination with conventional therapies, is increasingly becoming accepted. Interesting outcomes from pre-clinical trials using Baicalein in combination with conventional medicines have been reported, and some of them have also undergone clinical trials in later stages. As a result, we investigated the prospects of Baicalein, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the stems of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Oroxylum indicum Kurz, which targets a wide range of molecular changes that are involved in cancer development. In other words, this review is primarily driven by the findings from studies of Baicalein therapy in several cancer cell populations based on promising pre-clinical research. The modifications of numerous signal transduction mechanisms and transcriptional agents have been highlighted as the major players for Baicalein's anti-malignant properties at the micro level. These include AKT serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) as well as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, matrix metalloproteinases-2 & 9 (MMP-2 & 9), Wnt/-catenin, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, Caspase-3/8/9, Smad4, Notch 1/Hes, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap 1), Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Src/Id1, ROS signaling, miR 183/ezrin, and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling cascades. The promise of Baicalein as an anti-inflammatory to anti-apoptotic/anti-angiogenic/anti-metastatic medicinal element for treating various malignancies and its capability to inhibit malignant stem cells, evidence of synergistic effects, and design of nanomedicine-based drugs are altogether well supported by the data presented in this review study.