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1.
Z Gerontol Geriatr ; 56(4): 269-275, 2023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36988667

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Impaired hearing is associated with disadvantages in developmental outcomes, such as compromised everyday social communication or reduced well-being. Hearing impairment might also have an impact on how individuals evaluate their own aging as deterioration in hearing can be interpreted as being age-related and as a phenomenon individuals attribute to getting older. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated how self-reported hearing is related to awareness of age-related change (AARC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: AARC is a multidimensional construct comprising perceived age-related gains and losses in general as well as across five functional domains (health and physical functioning, cognitive functioning, interpersonal relations, social cognitive and social emotional functioning, lifestyle and engagement). A sample of 423 individuals (age range 40-98 years; mean age, M = 62.9 years; standard deviation (SD) = 11.8 years) was assessed up to 3 times over approximately 5 years. RESULTS: Based on longitudinal multilevel regression models, controlling for age, gender, subjective health and education, it was found that poorer self-reported hearing was associated with more perceived general AARC losses as well as with more AARC losses in health and physical functioning and in cognitive functioning at baseline. With an older age at baseline, poorer self-reported hearing was associated with a steeper decline in AARC gains regarding interpersonal relations over time, whereas in those who were younger at baseline poorer hearing was related to fewer gains in social cognitive and social emotional functioning at baseline. DISCUSSION: Self-reported hearing reveals differential associations with AARC domains; however, changes in most AARC domains of gains and losses seem to be only weakly related to subjective hearing.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Concienciación , Humanos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Autoinforme , Envejecimiento/psicología , Cognición , Audición
2.
Z Gerontol Geriatr ; 55(5): 381-387, 2022 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35852588

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Commercial conversational agents (CAs) bear the promise of low threshold accessibility for individuals with limited digital competencies. This applies not only for healthy aging older adults but also for specific subgroups such as those with life-long intellectual disabilities (ID). OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to synthesize the current evidence on benefits and challenges of CAs for older adults with and without ID. In doing so, we hope to inform future research as well as practical decision-making in the context of CAs as potential quality of life enhancers for older adults with various competence levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in form of a scoping review. A total of 841 publications were screened for benefits and challenges of CAs, resulting in an extraction of 18 articles targeting healthy aging older adults (60 years+) and 5 articles targeting older adults with ID (50 years+) for synthesis. RESULTS: The existing evidence suggests that CAs come with more benefits than challenges, e.g., general ease of use, easier information access, and feelings of companionship. Higher perceived agency due to using a CA seems to be a specific issue for older adults with ID. Challenges concern mostly learning how to use a CA and privacy concerns. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that CAs can serve as quality of life enhancers both in healthy aging adults and in older adults with ID; nevertheless, thoughtful preparation is necessary, especially in relation to learning needs, capabilities present and privacy concerns.


Asunto(s)
Discapacidad Intelectual , Calidad de Vida , Anciano , Comunicación , Atención a la Salud , Humanos
3.
Aging Ment Health ; 23(9): 1255-1262, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30407084

RESUMEN

Objectives: Sensory impaired older adults may be particularly dependent on coping strategies such as assimilation (or tenacious goal pursuit [TGP]) and accommodation (or flexible goal adjustment [FGA]) to secure high levels of well-being. We investigated if late-life changes in these coping strategies and prospective associations of TGP and FGA with affective well-being vary according to sensory impairment status. Method: Our study sample consisted of 387 adults aged 72-95 years (M = 82.50 years, SD =4.71 years) who were either visually impaired (VI; n = 121), hearing impaired (HI; n = 116), or sensory unimpaired (UI; n = 150). One hundred sixty-eight individuals were reassessed after approximately 4 years. Results: Both VI and HI revealed a decrease in TGP, whereas TGP remained stable in UI. For FGA, a significant increase in HI was observed, whereas a significant decline emerged in UI. Controlling for age, gender, and cognitive abilities, higher TGP at baseline was significantly associated with higher negative affect 4 years later in VI. Moreover, the positive association between baseline FGA and subsequent positive affect was stronger in HI than in UI older adults. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that older adults with sensory impairments reveal trajectories of assimilative and accommodative coping and associations of TGP and FGA with affective well-being that are different from sensory unimpaired individuals.


Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Personas con Deficiencia Auditiva/psicología , Personas con Daño Visual/psicología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Objetivos , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino
4.
Ear Hear ; 39(4): 746-755, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29256920

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Relationships between cognitive and sensory functioning become stronger with advancing age, and the debate on underlying mechanisms continues. Interestingly, the potential mechanism of compensation by the unaffected sensory modality has so far been investigated in younger age groups with congenital sensory impairment but not in older adults with late-life sensory loss. We compared associations between visual acuity and cognitive functioning in hearing-impaired older adults (HI), and sensory-unimpaired controls (UI). We expected stronger associations in the HI group as compared with the UI group. DESIGN: Our study sample was drawn from the pools of outpatients from regional university clinics and city registries and consisted of n = 266 older adults (mean age = 82.45 years, SD = 4.76 years; HI: n = 116; UI: n = 150). For the assessment of cognitive performance, multiple established tests (e.g., subtests of the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) were used. Moreover, objective visual acuity (distance vision) was assessed. RESULTS: As expected, bivariate correlations between vision and cognitive abilities were stronger in the HI group compared with the UI group. In regression models controlling for age, sex, education, subjective health and number of chronic diseases, distance visual acuity was a significant predictor of general cognitive ability in the HI group only. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that visual acuity may play an important compensatory role for maintaining cognitive ability when hearing impairment sets in, which may reflect an adaptive process of late-life sensory compensation.


Asunto(s)
Cognición , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Pérdida Auditiva/fisiopatología , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Disfunción Cognitiva/complicaciones , Disfunción Cognitiva/psicología , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva/complicaciones , Pérdida Auditiva/psicología , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino
5.
Aging Ment Health ; 22(6): 834-843, 2018 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28447472

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Personality traits have been found to influence health and functional ability (FA) via multiple pathways. However, personality traits may also change in reaction to constraints in FA, particularly in more vulnerable individuals with high risk of decline in independent functioning in daily life (e.g. older adults with sensory impairment). Therefore, conceptually anchored in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF model), this study investigated reciprocal relationships between personality, focusing on neuroticism and agreeableness, and indicators of FA (i.e. activities of daily living and subjective autonomy) as well as the potentially moderating role of sensory impairment status. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 387 older adults (mean age at T1: M = 82.50 years, SD = 4.71 years) who were either sensory impaired (SI; i.e. visually or hearing impaired) or sensory unimpaired (UI). A total of 168 individuals were reassessed four years later. RESULTS: Depending on sensory status, personality acted both as predictor and as outcome of FA. Neuroticism was more strongly related with later FA outcomes in SI than in UI individuals. FA variables, in turn, were significant predictors of later neuroticism in UI older adults only and of later agreeableness in SI individuals only. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the late-life personality-FA interplay needs to be considered bidirectional, and the direction of associations varies systematically as a function of sensory impairment status.


Asunto(s)
Actividades Cotidianas , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Pérdida Auditiva/fisiopatología , Personalidad/fisiología , Trastornos de la Visión/fisiopatología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Vida Independiente , Masculino , Neuroticismo/fisiología
6.
Aging Ment Health ; 20(9): 918-29, 2016 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26035238

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Gaining a comprehensive picture of the network of constructs in which cognitive functioning is embedded is crucial across the full lifespan. With respect to personality, previous findings support a relationship between neuroticism and cognitive abilities. However, findings regarding old age are inconsistent. In particular, little is known about potentially moderating variables which might explain some of the inconsistency. Our aim was to examine the moderating effect of severe sensory impairment on cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between neuroticism and cognitive functioning. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 121 visually impaired (VI), 116 hearing impaired (HI), and 150 sensory unimpaired older adults (UI). Mean age was 82.50 years (SD = 4.71 years). Neuroticism was assessed by the NEO Five Factor Inventory, and multiple established tests were used for the assessment of cognitive performance (e.g., subtests of the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale). RESULTS: Bivariate correlations and multi-group structural equation models indicated stronger relationships between cognitive abilities and neuroticism in both sensory impaired groups (VI and HI) compared to UI older individuals. This relationship was attenuated but still significant in both sensory impaired groups when controlling for age, education and health (number of chronic conditions). In cross-lagged panel models, higher baseline neuroticism was significantly associated with lower cognitive performance four years later in VI and HI individuals. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that sensory impairment moderates both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between neuroticism and cognitive function in advanced old age.


Asunto(s)
Cognición , Neuroticismo , Personas con Deficiencia Auditiva , Personas con Daño Visual , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
7.
Res Aging ; 44(3-4): 286-300, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34169758

RESUMEN

Although stress is a risk factor for various diseases in later life, its role for sensory abilities in the second half of life has rarely been empirically addressed. We examined if perceived stress at baseline predicts self-reported difficulties with vision and hearing 3 years later. We also explored whether chronological age is a moderator of associations between stress and sensory difficulties. Our sample was derived from the German Ageing Survey and consisted of n = 5,085 individuals aged 40-95 years (M = 64.01 years, SD = 10.84 years). Controlling for baseline self-reported sensory functioning, socio-demographic indicators, self-rated health and chronic diseases, greater perceived stress at baseline predicted greater self-reported difficulties with vision and hearing 3 years later. The effect of stress did not vary by age. Our findings suggest that, from middle adulthood to advanced old age, stress is a risk factor for increases in self-perceived problems with vision and hearing.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Audición , Adulto , Enfermedad Crónica , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Autoinforme , Estrés Psicológico
8.
Clin Ophthalmol ; 10: 55-63, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26766899

RESUMEN

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - despite advances in prevention and medical treatment options - remains prevalent among older adults, often resulting in functional losses that negatively affect the mental health of older adults. In particular, the prevalence of both anxiety and depression in patients with AMD is high. Along with medical treatment options, low vision rehabilitation and AMD-specific behavioral and self-management programs have been developed and have demonstrated effectiveness in improving the mental health of AMD patients. This article reviews the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with advanced AMD, discusses potential mechanisms accounting for the development of depression and anxiety in AMD patients, presents the state-of the-art of available interventions for addressing anxiety and depression in AMD patients, and delineates recommendations for eye care professionals regarding how to screen for these two prevalent mental health problems and how to facilitate appropriate treatment for patients with AMD.

10.
Exp Gerontol ; 59: 65-73, 2014 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24929008

RESUMEN

This paper focuses on the relationship between functional ability (FA) and positive affect (PA), a major component of well-being, in sensory impaired very old adults (SI) compared with sensory unimpaired individuals (UI). Previous research mostly suggests a robust causal impact of FA on PA. However, some research, drawing from Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory, also points to the possibility of an inverse causality between FA and PA. We examine in this paper both of these causal directions in SI as well as UI individuals across a 4year observation period. Additionally, we checked for the role of negative affect (NA). The T1-T2 sample comprised 81 out of 237 SI individuals (visually or hearing impaired) assessed at T1, with a mean age at T1 of 81.8years, and 87 UI individuals out of 150 assessed at T1, with a mean age at T1 of 81.5years. Established scales were used to assess FA, PA, and NA. Using cross-lagged panel analysis to examine the direction of causality, our findings indicate that FA has significant impact on PA in both the SI and the UI group, whereas the alternative causal pathway was not confirmed. Both cross-lagged relationships between FA and NA were non-significant. No group differences in path strengths between SI and UI were present. Our study provides evidence that FA is a key competence for successful emotional aging in vulnerable groups of very old adults such as SI as well as in UI adults in advanced old age.


Asunto(s)
Actividades Cotidianas , Afecto/fisiología , Envejecimiento/psicología , Pérdida Auditiva/psicología , Trastornos de la Visión/psicología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Pérdida Auditiva/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Factores Socioeconómicos , Trastornos de la Visión/fisiopatología
11.
Gerontologist ; 53(6): 950-62, 2013 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23471603

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Previous research on psychosocial adaptation of sensory-impaired older adults has focused mainly on only one sensory modality and on a limited number of successful aging outcomes. We considered a broad range of successful aging indicators and compared older adults with vision impairment, hearing impairment, and dual sensory impairments and without sensory impairment. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data came from samples of severely visually impaired (VI; N = 121), severely hearing-impaired (HI; N = 116), dual sensory-impaired (DI; N = 43), and sensory-unimpaired older adults (UI; N = 150). Participants underwent a wide-ranging assessment, covering everyday competence, cognitive functioning, social resources, self-regulation strategies, cognitive and affective well-being, and 4-year survival status (except the DI group). RESULTS: The most pronounced difference among groups was in the area of everyday competence (lowest in VI and DI). Multigroup comparisons in latent space revealed both similar and differing relationship strengths among health, everyday competence, social resources, self-regulation, and overall well-being, depending on sensory status. After 4 years, mortality in VI (29%) and HI (30%) was significantly higher than in UI (20%) at the bivariate level, but not after controlling for confounders in a multivariate analysis. IMPLICATIONS: A multidimensional approach to the understanding of sensory impairment and psychosocial adaptation in old age reveals a complex picture of loss and maintenance.


Asunto(s)
Actividades Cotidianas , Adaptación Psicológica/fisiología , Envejecimiento , Pérdida Auditiva/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Trastornos de la Visión/psicología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Audición , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Agudeza Visual
12.
Psychol Aging ; 27(2): 510-21, 2012 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22059715

RESUMEN

This paper investigates the role of cognitive resources in everyday functioning, comparing visually impaired, hearing impaired, and sensory unimpaired older adults. According to arguments that cognitive resources are of increased importance and a greater awareness of cognitive restrictions exists among sensory impaired individuals, in particular among visually impaired individuals, we hypothesized differential relationships between resources and outcomes when comparing sensory impaired and sensory unimpaired older adults. Findings are based on samples of 121 visually impaired, 116 hearing impaired, and 150 sensory unimpaired older adults (M = 82 years). Results from a sample of 43 dual sensory impaired older adults are reported for comparison. Assessment relied on established instruments (e.g., WAIS-R, ADL/IADL). Structural equation modeling showed that cognitive resources and behavior-related everyday functioning were more strongly related in the sensory impaired groups as compared to the sensory unimpaired group. Cognitive resources and evaluation of everyday functioning were significantly linked only among the sensory impaired groups. When medical condition was controlled for, these effects persisted. It is concluded that both cognitive training as well as psychosocial support may serve as important additions to classic vision and hearing loss rehabilitation.


Asunto(s)
Actividades Cotidianas , Adaptación Psicológica , Cognición/fisiología , Pérdida Auditiva/fisiopatología , Modelos Estadísticos , Trastornos de la Visión/fisiopatología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis de Varianza , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Pérdida Auditiva/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Autonomía Personal , Trastornos de la Visión/psicología , Escalas de Wechsler
13.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci ; 67(6): 687-96, 2012 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22367713

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Relations between personality and affect are generally regarded as robust. Extraversion is closely linked to positive affect (PA), but not to negative affect (NA), whereas neuroticism is closely linked to NA, but not to PA. We argue in this work that the stress experience associated with age-related vision and hearing impairment may alter this commonly found pattern as compared with sensory unimpaired (UI) older adults. METHOD: We analyzed data from a sample of severely visually impaired (VI; N = 121), severely hearing impaired (HI; N = 116), and a control condition of sensory UI (grand age mean: 82 years; N = 150). RESULTS: Based on a structural equation modeling approach, we found that the relationship between extraversion and PA was higher in the UI as compared with the sensory impaired groups. In contrast, the strong linkage between neuroticism and NA was not affected by sensory status. Furthermore, we observed a meaningful negative relation between extraversion and NA only in the VI group. DISCUSSION: Findings support the argument that the relationship between personality and affect deserves qualification when chronic vision and hearing impairment is present.


Asunto(s)
Afecto , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Audición/epidemiología , Personalidad , Trastornos de la Visión/epidemiología , Actividades Cotidianas , Adaptación Psicológica , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Trastornos de Ansiedad/psicología , Causalidad , Comorbilidad , Extraversión Psicológica , Femenino , Trastornos de la Audición/psicología , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Actividades Recreativas , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Neuroticismo , Personas con Deficiencia Auditiva/estadística & datos numéricos , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Trastornos de la Visión/psicología , Personas con Daño Visual/estadística & datos numéricos
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