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1.
Animal ; 17(7): 100873, 2023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37399705

RESUMEN

Liquefied sake lees, a by-product of Japanese sake, is rich in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, proteins, and prebiotics derived from rice and yeast. Previous studies have reported that Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products improved the health, growth, and faecal characteristics of preweaning calves. This study investigated the effects of adding liquefied sake lees to milk replacer on the growth performance, faecal characteristics, and blood metabolites of preweaning Japanese Black calves from 6 to 90 days of age. Twenty-four Japanese Black calves at 6 days of age were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: No liquefied sake lees (C, n = 8), 100 g/d (on a fresh matter basis) liquefied sake lees mixed with milk replacer (LS, n = 8), and 200 g/d (on a fresh matter basis) liquefied sake lees mixed with milk replacer (HS, n = 8). The intake of milk replacer and calf starter, as well as, the average daily gain did not differ between the treatments. The number of days counted with faecal score 1 in LS was higher than in HS (P < 0.05), while the number of days with diarrhoea medication in LS and C was lower than HS (P < 0.05). The faecal n-butyric acid concentration tended to be higher in LS compared to C (P = 0.060). The alpha diversity index (Chao1) was higher in HS than in C and LS at 90 days of age (P < 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using weighted UniFrac distance showed that the bacterial community structures in faeces among the treatments at 90 days of age were significantly different (P < 0.05). The plasma ß-hydroxybutyric acid concentration, an indicator of rumen development, was higher for LS than in C throughout the experiment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that adding liquefied sake lees up to 100 g/d (on a fresh matter basis) might promote rumen development in preweaning Japanese Black calves.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Bovinos , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Destete , Peso Corporal , Bebidas Alcohólicas/análisis , Fermentación , Heces/química , Ácido Butírico/análisis , Rumen/metabolismo , Leche/química , Alimentación Animal/análisis
2.
J Anim Breed Genet ; 127(1): 34-41, 2010 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20074185

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to develop a method to optimize the selection and mating decisions based on genotypic information with overlapping generations by applying mate selection algorithm. In this study, differential evolution algorithm was used to optimize numbers of mating between genotypes and the optimal numbers of males and females selected from each genotype over planning horizon. This method assumed a single biallelic QTL (Q and q) and was applied to a simple situation in a herd of pigs as an example. Four dominance degrees of gene: recessive, additive, complete-dominance and over-dominance were considered. For all dominance degrees, the frequency of the favourable allele in males selected for replacement increased rapidly. In contrast, the frequency of favourable allele in females selected for replacement increased more gradually. The superiorities in cumulative discounted performance (CDP) when the initial allele frequency was 0.5 over a case when the frequency was 0.05 over the planning horizon were greatly affected by dominance degrees. The CDP superiorities ranged from 24% for an over-dominant QTL to 91% for a recessive QTL.


Asunto(s)
Modelos Genéticos , Alelos , Animales , Evolución Biológica , Femenino , Genotipo , Masculino , Selección Genética , Factores de Tiempo
3.
Pol J Vet Sci ; 13(2): 349-56, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20731192

RESUMEN

The first objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in milk and blood to assess the reliability of the BHBA concentrations in milk measured by a semi quantitative keto-test paper to detect subclinical ketosis (SCK) in 50 fresh high-producing Iranian Holstein cows in Golestan Province, Iran. The second objective was the effects of SCK on milk yield and components. Concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and BHBA were analyzed quantitatively in blood plasma and commercial keto-test paper was used for semi quantitative determination of BHBA concentration in milk. Milk yield was measured until 60 d after calving but milk compositions were measured until 30 d after calving. The mean plasma BHBA, milk BHBA, plasma NEFA, milk yield, milk fat percentage and milk fat: protein ratio were 1,234 micromol/L, 145 micromol/L, 0.482 mEq/L, 29.5 kg, 3.9% and 1.4, respectively. Fifty eight percent of the cows had SCK during the first month of lactation. High correlation coefficients were observed between blood BHBA and blood NEFA, and between blood and milk BHBA. The milk yield of cattle with SCK decreased (P < 0.01) but the fat percentage and milk fat: protein ratio increased (P < 0.01). The commercial keto-test paper used had a low false positive result at a cut-off point of 200 fmol of BHBA/L of milk. The results showed that the best time to assess SCK using the commercial keto-test paper was d 10, 14 and 17 after calving.


Asunto(s)
Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/análisis , Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/sangre , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/sangre , Cetosis/veterinaria , Leche/química , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico , Femenino , Cetosis/sangre , Cetosis/diagnóstico , Lactancia , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas
4.
J Anim Breed Genet ; 131(1): 1-2, 2014 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25099783
5.
J Anim Sci ; 95(2): 901-909, 2017 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28380599

RESUMEN

The estimation of energy expenditure (EE) of grazing animals is of great importance for efficient animal management on pasture. In the present study, a method is proposed to estimate EE in grazing animals based on measurements of body acceleration of animals in combination with the conventional Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) energy requirement system. Three-dimensional body acceleration and heart rate were recorded for tested animals under both grazing and housing management. An acceleration index, vectorial dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA), was used to calculate activity allowance (AC) during grazing and then incorporate it into the AFRC system to estimate the EE (EE derived from VeDBA [EE]) of the grazing animals. The method was applied to 3 farm ruminant species (7 cattle, 6 goats, and 4 sheep). Energy expenditure based on heart rate (EE) was also estimated as a reference. The result showed that larger VeDBA and heart rate values were obtained under grazing management, resulting in greater EE and EE under grazing management than under housing management. There were large differences between the EE estimated from the 2 methods, where EE values were greater than EE (averages of 163.4 and 142.5% for housing and grazing management, respectively); the EE was lower than the EE, whereas the increase in EE under grazing in comparison with housing conditions was larger than that in EE. These differences may have been due to the use of an equation for estimating EE derived under laboratory conditions and due to the presence of the effects of physiological, psychological, and environmental factors in addition to physical activity being included in measurements for the heart rate method. The present method allowed us to separate activity-specific EE (i.e., AC) from overall EE, and, in fact, AC under grazing management were about twice times as large as those under housing management for farm ruminant animals. There is evidence that the conventional energy system can predict fasting metabolism and the AC of housed animals based on accumulated research on energy metabolism and that VeDBA can quantify physical activity separately from other factors in animals on pasture. Therefore, the use of the VeDBA appears to be a precise way to predict activity-specific EE under grazing conditions, and the method incorporating acceleration index data with a conventional energy system can be a simple and useful method for estimation of EE in farm ruminants on pastures.


Asunto(s)
Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Rumiantes/fisiología , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología
6.
Animal ; 9(12): 2017-23, 2015 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26577644

RESUMEN

The factors influencing the priority of access to food and the effects of the priority of access to food on their carcass traits were analyzed for Japanese Black (Wagyu) cattle in a semi-intensive fattening production system. The records of 96 clinically healthy steers and heifers were analyzed. The calves at ∼3 to 4 months of age were allocated to pens with four animals per pen; all four animals in the same pen were of the same sex and of similar body size. The ranking of the animals' priority of access to food (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th), which was determined by the farm manager, was used as an indicator of social dominance in the present study. Four models including sire line, maternal grandsire line and the difference in the animals' birth dates as fixed effects were used to analyze factors influencing the priority of access to food. Ranking was represented by ordinal scores (highest=4, lowest=1) in Model 1, and the binary scores were assigned in Model 2 (highest=1; 2nd, 3rd and 4th=0), Model 3 (1st and 2nd=1; 3rd and 4th=0) and Model 4 (1st, 2nd and 3rd=1; lowest=0). The results showed that the difference in the animals' birth dates had a significant effect on the establishment of the priority of access to food in Model 3 (P<0.05), suggesting that animals born earlier may become more dominant in the pen. The maternal grandsire line tended to affect the social rank score in Models 2 and 3 (P<0.10). Our results indicated that the maternal grandsire line may affect the temperament of calves through their mothers' genetic performance and thereby more aggressive calves may be more dominant and have higher priority of access to food. On the other hand, there was a significant effect of the priority of access to food on beef marbling score (BMS; P<0.05), and the priority of access to food also tended to influence the carcass weight (P=0.09). The highest BMS was observed for animals with the first rank of the priority of access to food (P<0.05), and the higher-ranking animals had the tendency to be heavier carcass than the lower-ranking animals. Our findings emphasized the importance of information about the priority of access to food determined by farmers' own observation on implementing best management practices in small-scaled semi-intensive beef cattle production systems.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal , Bovinos/fisiología , Ingestión de Alimentos , Carne/análisis , Animales , Composición Corporal , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Japón , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Fenotipo , Factores de Tiempo
7.
J Antibiot (Tokyo) ; 39(11): 1592-7, 1986 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3689491

RESUMEN

Transport of a new cephalosporin developed for oral use, FK089, has been studied with the rat everted small intestine in vitro. Uptake was found to be pH-dependent with the maximum rate at an acidic pH below 5 and with a 5-fold lower rate at pH 7.0. The shape of the pH-rate profile was very similar to that of cefixime and different from that of pH-lipophilicity profile of FK089. The saturation kinetics of the uptake of FK089 were demonstrated at pH 5.0. By correcting the nonsaturable rate process, the kinetics of the mutual inhibition of FK089 uptake by cefixime and cefixime uptake by FK089 were all consistent with competitive type inhibition. The results indicate that carrier-mediated transport is responsible for transport of cephem antibiotics without an alpha-amino group in the side chain at the 7-position of the cephem nucleus in the intestinal brush-border membrane.


Asunto(s)
Cefotaxima/análogos & derivados , Absorción Intestinal , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Animales , Cefixima , Cefotaxima/metabolismo , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas
8.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 39(4): 272-7, 1987 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2884290

RESUMEN

The mechanism of intestinal uptake of cefixime, a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, has been examined using the everted jejunum of rats. The initial uptake rates were apparently pH-dependent with the maximum rate at pH 5.0 and a 3-fold reduction at pH 7.0. The uptake at pH 5.0 followed mixed-type kinetics involving saturable and non-saturable processes in a manner similar to that for several amino-beta-lactam antibiotics. Cefixime uptake was inhibited significantly by 20 mM permeants such as cyclacillin, cephradine, benzylpenicillin, propicillin, glycyl-L-proline and glycyl-glycine. Replacement of Na+ in the medium with choline produced a slight but significant inhibition of cefixime uptake. In spite of the absence of significant inhibition by the amino acids glycine and proline, the dipeptide, glycyl-L-proline in Na+-free medium showed a marked inhibitory effect. The inhibition kinetics of cefixime uptake by glycyl-L-proline and cyclacillin were consistent with competitive-type inhibition. This study provides the first evidence of saturable intestinal uptake of a cephem antibiotic without an alpha-amino group in the side chain, suggesting transport through the dipeptide carrier system(s).


Asunto(s)
Cefotaxima/análogos & derivados , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Animales , Butanoles , Cefixima , Cefotaxima/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Sodio/farmacología , Solubilidad , Relación Estructura-Actividad
9.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol ; 18(3): 113-9, 1990 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2350946

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study was to use a decision making model in order to assess the periodontal treatment needs of a random sample of employees in a large Swedish industrial corporation. The model used provided data on critical bone loss limits for different tooth types and ages, beyond which treatment must be initiated, in order to fulfill the goal of maintaining all teeth in a functional state throughout life. A sample comprising 192 subjects belonging to four age strata (31-35 yr, 41-45 yr, 51-55 yr, and 61-65 yr) was involved. From each subject, a full mouth series of intra-oral radiographs were available. The radiographic bone height was assessed at the mesial and distal aspect of all teeth by measuring the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the bone crest. The clinical examination included assessments of plaque, gingivitis, probing pocket depth, and probing attachment level. The results revealed that (i) only 3.1% of all approximal tooth sites exhibited radiographic bone loss exceeding the critical limit, (ii) all individuals and 70% of the approximal tooth sites were in need periodontal treatment when presence of gingival inflammation (bleeding on probing) was employed as the single criterion for therapeutic intervention, (iii) the proportion of individuals and tooth sites requiring treatment amounted to 98% and 27%. respectively, when a probing pocket depth of at least 4 mm was included as an additional criterion, and 54% and 4.1%, respectively, if a probing depth threshold of 6mm was used, while (iv) the use of bleeding on probing in combination with radiographic bone loss beyond the critical limits disclosed a need of treatment in 40% of the subjects and 2.5% of the approximal tooth sites.


Asunto(s)
Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud , Enfermedades Periodontales/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Resorción Ósea/diagnóstico por imagen , Toma de Decisiones , Índice de Placa Dental , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Teóricos , Enfermedades Periodontales/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Periodontales/patología , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/patología , Radiografía , Distribución Aleatoria , Factores de Riesgo , Suecia/epidemiología
10.
J Anim Sci ; 77(5): 1135-43, 1999 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10340579

RESUMEN

Economic values of growth and carcass traits in Japanese beef cattle for production systems with various types of integration of levels/ stages (cow-calf and feedlot segments and the integrated system) and production circumstances (including 20% higher genetic levels of the traits, management, and economic alternatives) were used to examine responses to selection. Discounted economic values with interest rates of 0, 4.2 (Japanese average), and 8.4% were obtained to investigate the effect of discounting on selection efficiency. Traits considered were daily gain in the feedlot, marbling score, birth weight, weaning weight, and mature weight. The effects of discounting were small. Correlated responses to selection were not always economically favorable for all situations. Selecting bulls for the base situation (i.e., the typical biological and economic conditions for the production of Japanese Black cattle) resulted in negative genetic changes in weaning weight and mature weight in the feedlot segment. Higher genetic levels of daily gain and weaning weight affected efficiency of selection. Although effects of management and economic alternatives on responses to selection were generally small, lighter market weight influenced responses to selection. The results indicate that predicted correlated responses to selection are sensitive to production systems and some production circumstances.


Asunto(s)
Constitución Corporal , Cruzamiento/métodos , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Carne/economía , Animales , Cruzamiento/economía , Japón , Masculino
11.
J Anim Sci ; 74(9): 2112-6, 1996 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8880413

RESUMEN

Field records from 14,380 Japanese Brown steers by 92 sires were used to estimate genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits. Multipletrait restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures accounting for relationships among sires were used in estimating (co)variance components among average daily gain during fattening periods (ADG), carcass weight (CWT), longissimus muscle area (LMA), rib thickness (RT), marbling score (MS), and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Heritability estimates on an age-constant basis were .22, .37, .38, .26, .40, and .35 for ADG, CWT, LMA, RT, MS, and SFT, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations (rg) among ADG, CWT, and RT were positive and moderately high (.48 to .85). The rg between MS and SFT was -.12.


Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal/genética , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bovinos/genética , Carne/normas , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Fenotipo
12.
J Anim Sci ; 79(9): 2320-6, 2001 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11583418

RESUMEN

A whole-genome scan was conducted using 132 microsatellite markers to identify chromosomal regions that have an effect on teat number. For this purpose, an experimental cross between Chinese Meishan pigs and five commercial Dutch pig lines was used. Linkage analyses were performed using interval mapping by regression under line cross models including a test for imprinting effects. The whole-genome scan revealed highly significant evidence for three quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting teat number, of which two were imprinted. Paternally expressed (i.e., maternally imprinted) QTL were found on chromosomes 2 and 12. A Mendelian expressed QTL was found on chromosome 10. The estimated additive effects showed that, for the QTL on chromosomes 10 and 12, the Meishan allele had a positive effect on teat number, but, for the QTL on chromosome 2, the Meishan allele had a negative effect on teat number. This study shows that imprinting may play an important role in the expression of teat number.


Asunto(s)
Genoma , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/anatomía & histología , Porcinos/genética , Animales , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Ligamiento Genético , Impresión Genómica , Masculino , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Herencia Multifactorial , Carácter Cuantitativo Heredable , Porcinos/anatomía & histología
13.
Quintessence Int ; 29(10): 621-30, 1998 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9922759

RESUMEN

Guided tissue regeneration procedures have been used successfully to reestablish periodontal attachment. However, this new attachment reportedly differs from the original attachment in strength and continuity. Enamel matrix proteins secreted by Hertwig's epithelial sheath play an important role in cementogenesis on roots and in the development of the periodontal attachment apparatus. Enamel matrix protein harvested from developing porcine teeth, or enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain), is reported to induce true periodontal regeneration (the attachment of new, acellular cementum to the underlying dentin surface). The results of experimental and clinical trials of Emdogain are reviewed, and the procedure for application of the material is described.


Asunto(s)
Cemento Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas del Esmalte Dental/uso terapéutico , Regeneración Tisular Guiada Periodontal/métodos , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/terapia , Ligamento Periodontal/efectos de los fármacos , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/cirugía , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/terapia , Animales , Cementogénesis , Proteínas del Esmalte Dental/farmacología , Humanos , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/cirugía , Ligamento Periodontal/fisiología , Regeneración/efectos de los fármacos
14.
Animal ; 7(7): 1148-57, 2013 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23438510

RESUMEN

Domestication of animals has resulted in phenotypic changes by means of natural and human-directed selection. Body composition is important for farm animals because it reflects the status of energy reserves. Thus, there is the possibility that farm animals as providers of food have been more affected by human-directed selection for body composition than laboratory animals. In this study, an analysis was conducted to determine what similarities and differences in body composition occur between farm and laboratory animals using literature data obtained from seven comparative slaughter studies (n = 136 observations). Farm animals from four species (cattle, goats, pigs and sheep) were all castrated males, whereas laboratory animals from three species (dogs, mice and rats) comprised males and/or females. All animals were fed ad libitum. The allometric equation, Y = aX b , was used to determine the influence of species on the accretion rates of chemical components (Y, kg) relative to the growth of the empty body, fat-free empty body or protein weights (X, kg). There were differences between farm and laboratory animals in terms of the allometric growth coefficients for chemical components relative to the empty BW and fat-free empty BW (P < 0.01); farm animals had more rapid accretion rates of fat (P < 0.01) but laboratory animals had more rapid accretion rates of protein, water and ash (P < 0.01). In contrast, there was no difference in terms of the allometric growth coefficients for protein and water within farm animals (P > 0.2). The allometric growth coefficients for ash weight relative to protein weight for six species except sheep were not different from a value of 1 (P > 0.1), whereas that of sheep was smaller than 1 (P < 0.01). When compared at the same fat content of the empty body, the rate of change in water content (%) per unit change in fat content (%) was not different (P > 0.05) across farm animal species and similar ash-to-protein ratios were obtained except for dogs. The fraction of empty body energy gain retained as fat increased in a curvilinear manner, and there was little variation among farm animals at the same fat content of the empty body. These findings may provide the opportunity to develop a general model to predict empty body composition across farm animal species. In contrast, there were considerable differences of chemical body composition between farm and laboratory animals.


Asunto(s)
Animales de Laboratorio/fisiología , Composición Corporal , Perros/fisiología , Metabolismo Energético , Ganado/fisiología , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animales , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Masculino , Proteínas/metabolismo , Especificidad de la Especie , Aumento de Peso
15.
Theriogenology ; 77(2): 320-30, 2012 Jan 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21958630

RESUMEN

The effects of sex control and twinning techniques on determination of optimal culling parity of cows in beef cow-calf production systems were deterministically analyzed using a herd model simulation. The model simulated the annualized net revenue as an economic indicator during the whole life cycle of a cow. Biological factors (survivability, growth, reproduction, and feed requirements) and economic factors (returns from sales of live calves and cows' carcasses and production costs) were included in the model. Some biological and economic parameters relating to these factors were altered from a base condition in order to adapt the production systems with sex control and twinning techniques. Based on the model, early culling was optimal for all production systems when biological efficiency was used as an indicator of production; however, later culling was optimal for single production, but slightly earlier culling was optimal for twin production, when annualized net revenue was evaluated. The introduction of sex control did not greatly affect the determination of the optimal culling parity of cows. When production included the sex control, female sexing increased biological efficiency, whereas male sexing increased annualized net revenue. In the present beef cow-calf production circumstances in Japan, introduction of sex control did not have economically appreciable effects, but twinning was economically beneficial. For production involving sex control, improvement in the conception rate per mating and/or reduction of technical cost were required for this technology to be profitable.


Asunto(s)
Crianza de Animales Domésticos/economía , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Embarazo Múltiple , Preselección del Sexo/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Inseminación Artificial/economía , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Japón , Masculino , Carne , Paridad , Embarazo , Reproducción
16.
J Anim Sci ; 89(12): 3890-907, 2011 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21705639

RESUMEN

A deterministic simulation model was developed to estimate biological production efficiency and to evaluate goat crossbreeding systems under tropical conditions. The model involves 5 production systems: pure indigenous, first filial generations (F1), backcross (BC), composite breeds of F1 (CMP(F1)), and BC (CMP(BC)). The model first simulates growth, reproduction, lactation, and energy intakes of a doe and a kid on a 1-d time step at the individual level and thereafter the outputs are integrated into the herd dynamics program. The ability of the model to simulate individual performances was tested under a base situation. The simulation results represented daily BW changes, ME requirements, and milk yield and the estimates were within the range of published data. Two conventional goat production scenarios (an intensive milk production scenario and an integrated goat and oil palm production scenario) in Malaysia were examined. The simulation results of the intensive milk production scenario showed the greater production efficiency of the CMP(BC) and CMP(F1) systems and decreased production efficiency of the F1 and BC systems. The results of the integrated goat and oil palm production scenario showed that the production efficiency and stocking rate were greater for the indigenous goats than for the crossbreeding systems.


Asunto(s)
Cruzamiento , Simulación por Computador , Cabras/genética , Cabras/fisiología , Modelos Genéticos , Clima Tropical , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Femenino , Calor , Lactancia/genética , Masculino , Leche , Aumento de Peso/genética
17.
J Anim Sci ; 89(4): 951-8, 2011 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21148786

RESUMEN

Blood sample and carcass trait data were collected from 841 and 3,219 fattening animals of an F(1) cross between Japanese Black sires and Holstein dams, respectively. Data on serum vitamin A and total cholesterol concentrations containing 582 to 739 records at 4 stages of beef-fattening production were used to estimate variance components and heritabilities for the 2 traits, based on fattening periods: less than 13 mo of age (stage 1), 14 to 18 mo of age (stage 2), 19 to 21 mo of age (stage 3), and greater than 22 mo of age (stage 4). Furthermore, the genetic correlations of serum vitamin A and total cholesterol concentrations with beef marbling standards, carcass weight, ribeye area, rib thickness, and subcutaneous fat thickness were estimated. The heritability estimates of serum vitamin A concentration were consistently and drastically decreased from 0.37 ± 0.15 to 0.07 ± 0.07 from stages 1 to 4 because of considerable decreases in sire variances, whereas the residual variances remained large and stable throughout all 4 stages. Serum total cholesterol concentration was moderately heritable (approximately 0.35 to 0.64) throughout all 4 stages. The genetic correlations among serum vitamin A concentrations and beef marbling standards were high and negative (-0.94) in stage 4. The genetic correlations between serum vitamin A concentration and carcass weight in stages 3 and 4 were moderate and positive (approximately 0.26 to 0.36). Moderate to high positive genetic correlations between serum vitamin A concentration and subcutaneous fat thickness were obtained throughout the stages (approximately 0.40 to 0.75). Genetic correlations of serum total cholesterol concentration with carcass weight and rib thickness were moderate and positive (approximately 0.29 to 0.46) in stages 2, 3, and 4. These results indicate serum vitamin A and total cholesterol concentrations could be effective physiological indicators for improving carcass traits.


Asunto(s)
Bovinos/sangre , Bovinos/genética , Colesterol/sangre , Carne/normas , Vitamina A/sangre , Envejecimiento , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Composición Corporal , Bovinos/fisiología , Colesterol/genética , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Femenino , Japón , Masculino , Fenotipo , Vitamina A/genética
19.
Animal ; 2(7): 1013-8, 2008 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22443701

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to calculate cumulative discounted expressions (CDE) for Japanese Black sires carrying a single defective allele in a herd by applying the gene-flow method to investigate the expression pattern of homozygous recessive genotype and to evaluate the monetary loss of using these sires. A single biallelic locus was considered with A representing the dominant allele and a representing the recessive allele. The gene-flow method was modified to consider the fitness of homozygous recessive genotype. Input parameters representing a typical situation in a Japanese Black cattle herd were used to calculate the CDE and the loss of using carrier sires. The effects of initial allele frequency and fitness on the CDE were determined for Aa and AA sires. The CDE of Aa sires were larger than those of AA sires under all initial allele frequencies and fitness. The difference in the CDE between using Aa and AA sires was largest when fitness was 0 (lethal recessive condition). The differences in the loss between Aa and AA sires were larger with increasing initial allele frequencies in lethal recessive condition. Applying the method used in this study to defects reported in Japanese Black cattle and with a population size of 628 000, the difference in the loss between using Aa and AA sires was US$48 575 800 and US$74 418 000 in the case of Band-3 and Claudin-16 deficiencies, respectively. The approach used in this study could be applied to other genetic defects in different breeds and species.

20.
J Anim Breed Genet ; 125(2): 84-8, 2008 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18363973

RESUMEN

The effect of parental genotype and paternal heterosis on litter size (LS), total litter birth weight (TLW) and average litter birth weight (ALW) was analysed utilizing data from a crossbreeding programme involving the exotic German Fawn goats and local Katjang goats in Malaysia. In this study, these traits were regarded as traits of the litter to consider the effect of service sire genotype. The results revealed that LS was significantly influenced by the genotype of sire. The genotypes of sire and dam had significant effects on TLW and ALW. Estimates of crossbreeding parameter showed significant and negative influence of paternal heterosis on TLW and ALW while there was no significant effect of paternal heterosis on LS. The results of this study stress the need to reconsider the use of local males in the tropics.


Asunto(s)
Peso al Nacer/genética , Cabras/genética , Tamaño de la Camada/genética , Animales , Femenino , Genotipo , Vigor Híbrido , Hibridación Genética , Malasia , Masculino , Embarazo
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