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1.
Nature ; 629(8011): 443-449, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38658754

RESUMEN

The Werner syndrome RecQ helicase WRN was identified as a synthetic lethal target in cancer cells with microsatellite instability (MSI) by several genetic screens1-6. Despite advances in treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors7-10, there is an unmet need in the treatment of MSI cancers11-14. Here we report the structural, biochemical, cellular and pharmacological characterization of the clinical-stage WRN helicase inhibitor HRO761, which was identified through an innovative hit-finding and lead-optimization strategy. HRO761 is a potent, selective, allosteric WRN inhibitor that binds at the interface of the D1 and D2 helicase domains, locking WRN in an inactive conformation. Pharmacological inhibition by HRO761 recapitulated the phenotype observed by WRN genetic suppression, leading to DNA damage and inhibition of tumour cell growth selectively in MSI cells in a p53-independent manner. Moreover, HRO761 led to WRN degradation in MSI cells but not in microsatellite-stable cells. Oral treatment with HRO761 resulted in dose-dependent in vivo DNA damage induction and tumour growth inhibition in MSI cell- and patient-derived xenograft models. These findings represent preclinical pharmacological validation of WRN as a therapeutic target in MSI cancers. A clinical trial with HRO761 (NCT05838768) is ongoing to assess the safety, tolerability and preliminary anti-tumour activity in patients with MSI colorectal cancer and other MSI solid tumours.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Inhibidores Enzimáticos , Inestabilidad de Microsatélites , Neoplasias , Mutaciones Letales Sintéticas , Helicasa del Síndrome de Werner , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Administración Oral , Regulación Alostérica/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/efectos adversos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Ratones Desnudos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patología , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Dominios Proteicos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Supresión Genética , Mutaciones Letales Sintéticas/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Helicasa del Síndrome de Werner/antagonistas & inhibidores , Helicasa del Síndrome de Werner/genética , Helicasa del Síndrome de Werner/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
2.
Nature ; 543(7647): 733-737, 2017 03 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28329763

RESUMEN

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is driven by the activity of the BCR-ABL1 fusion oncoprotein. ABL1 kinase inhibitors have improved the clinical outcomes for patients with CML, with over 80% of patients treated with imatinib surviving for more than 10 years. Second-generation ABL1 kinase inhibitors induce more potent molecular responses in both previously untreated and imatinib-resistant patients with CML. Studies in patients with chronic-phase CML have shown that around 50% of patients who achieve and maintain undetectable BCR-ABL1 transcript levels for at least 2 years remain disease-free after the withdrawal of treatment. Here we characterize ABL001 (asciminib), a potent and selective allosteric ABL1 inhibitor that is undergoing clinical development testing in patients with CML and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. In contrast to catalytic-site ABL1 kinase inhibitors, ABL001 binds to the myristoyl pocket of ABL1 and induces the formation of an inactive kinase conformation. ABL001 and second-generation catalytic inhibitors have similar cellular potencies but distinct patterns of resistance mutations, with genetic barcoding studies revealing pre-existing clonal populations with no shared resistance between ABL001 and the catalytic inhibitor nilotinib. Consistent with this profile, acquired resistance was observed with single-agent therapy in mice; however, the combination of ABL001 and nilotinib led to complete disease control and eradicated CML xenograft tumours without recurrence after the cessation of treatment.


Asunto(s)
Sitio Alostérico/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Fusión bcr-abl/antagonistas & inhibidores , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Pirazoles/farmacología , Regulación Alostérica/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Dominio Catalítico/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dasatinib/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Quimioterapia Combinada , Proteínas de Fusión bcr-abl/química , Proteínas de Fusión bcr-abl/genética , Humanos , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/enzimología , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/patología , Ratones , Mutación , Niacinamida/farmacología , Niacinamida/uso terapéutico , Pirazoles/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
3.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 114(12): 3151-3156, 2017 03 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28265066

RESUMEN

Inhibitors of double minute 2 protein (MDM2)-tumor protein 53 (TP53) interaction are predicted to be effective in tumors in which the TP53 gene is wild type, by preventing TP53 protein degradation. One such setting is represented by the frequent CDKN2A deletion in human cancer that, through inactivation of p14ARF, activates MDM2 protein, which in turn degrades TP53 tumor suppressor. Here we used piggyBac (PB) transposon insertional mutagenesis to anticipate resistance mechanisms occurring during treatment with the MDM2-TP53 inhibitor HDM201. Constitutive PB mutagenesis in Arf-/- mice provided a collection of spontaneous tumors with characterized insertional genetic landscapes. Tumors were allografted in large cohorts of mice to assess the pharmacologic effects of HDM201. Sixteen out of 21 allograft models were sensitive to HDM201 but ultimately relapsed under treatment. A comparison of tumors with acquired resistance to HDM201 and untreated tumors identified 87 genes that were differentially and significantly targeted by the PB transposon. Resistant tumors displayed a complex clonality pattern suggesting the emergence of several resistant subclones. Among the most frequent alterations conferring resistance, we observed somatic and insertional loss-of-function mutations in transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53) in 54% of tumors and transposon-mediated gain-of-function alterations in B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), Mdm4, and two TP53 family members, resulting in expression of the TP53 dominant negative truncations ΔNTrp63 and ΔNTrp73. Enhanced BCL-xL and MDM4 protein expression was confirmed in resistant tumors, as well as in HDM201-resistant patient-derived tumor xenografts. Interestingly, concomitant inhibition of MDM2 and BCL-xL demonstrated significant synergy in p53 wild-type cell lines in vitro. Collectively, our findings identify several potential mechanisms by which TP53 wild-type tumors may escape MDM2-targeted therapy.


Asunto(s)
Elementos Transponibles de ADN , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Vectores Genéticos/genética , Mutagénesis Insercional , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Aloinjertos , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Flujo Genético , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Neoplasias/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteína bcl-X/genética , Proteína bcl-X/metabolismo
4.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 110(2): 489-94, 2013 Jan 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23267074

RESUMEN

Many cancer cells have increased rates of aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon termed the Warburg effect. In addition, in tumors there is a predominance of expression of the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2). M2 expression was previously shown to be necessary for aerobic glycolysis and to provide a growth advantage to tumors. We report that knockdown of pyruvate kinase in tumor cells leads to a decrease in the levels of pyruvate kinase activity and an increase in the pyruvate kinase substrate phosphoenolpyruvate. However, lactate production from glucose, although reduced, was not fully inhibited. Furthermore, we are unique in reporting increased serine and glycine biosynthesis from both glucose and glutamine following pyruvate kinase knockdown. Although pyruvate kinase knockdown results in modest impairment of proliferation in vitro, in vivo growth of established xenograft tumors is unaffected by PKM2 absence. Our findings indicate that PKM2 is dispensable for tumor maintenance and growth in vivo, suggesting that other metabolic pathways bypass its function.


Asunto(s)
Glucólisis/fisiología , Neoplasias/fisiopatología , Piruvato Quinasa/metabolismo , Isótopos de Carbono/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Fosfoenolpiruvato/metabolismo , Piruvato Quinasa/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem
5.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 109(20): E1267-76, 2012 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22529373

RESUMEN

We have previously demonstrated an increased DNA copy number and expression of IGF1R to be associated with poor outcome in Wilms tumors. We have now tested whether inhibiting this receptor may be a useful therapeutic strategy by using a panel of Wilms tumor cell lines. Both genetic and pharmacological targeting resulted in inhibition of downstream signaling through PI3 and MAP kinases, G(1) cell cycle arrest, and cell death, with drug efficacy dependent on the levels of phosphorylated IGF1R. These effects were further associated with specific gene expression signatures reflecting pathway inhibition, and conferred synergistic chemosensitisation to doxorubicin and topotecan. In the in vivo setting, s.c. xenografts of WiT49 cells resembled malignant rhabdoid tumors rather than Wilms tumors. Treatment with an IGF1R inhibitor (NVP-AEW541) showed no discernable antitumor activity and no downstream pathway inactivation. By contrast, Wilms tumor cells established orthotopically within the kidney were histologically accurate and exhibited significantly elevated insulin-like growth factor-mediated signaling, and growth was significantly reduced on treatment with NVP-AEW541 in parallel with signaling pathway ablation. As a result of the paracrine effects of enhanced IGF2 expression in Wilms tumor, this disease may be acutely dependent on signaling through the IGF1 receptor, and thus treatment strategies aimed at its inhibition may be useful in the clinic. Such efficacy may be missed if only standard ectopic models are considered as a result of an imperfect recapitulation of the specific tumor microenvironment.


Asunto(s)
Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renales/fisiopatología , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Tumor de Wilms/fisiopatología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Electroquímica , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Ratones , Comunicación Paracrina/fisiología , Fosforilación , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirroles/farmacología , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Trasplante Heterólogo
6.
J Cell Sci ; 125(Pt 22): 5391-402, 2012 Nov 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22946058

RESUMEN

Centrosomes represent the major microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) of animal somatic cells and orchestrate bipolar spindle assembly during mitotic cell division. In meiotic cells, the kinesin HSET compensates for the lack of centrosomes by focusing acentrosomal MTOCs into two spindle poles. By clustering multiple centrosomes into two spindle poles, HSET also mediates bipolar mitosis in cancer cells with supernumerary centrosomes. However, although dispensable in non-transformed human cells, the role of HSET in cancer cells with two centrosomes has remained elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that HSET is required for proper spindle assembly, stable pole-focusing and survival of cancer cells irrespective of normal or supernumerary centrosome number. Strikingly, we detected pronounced acentrosomal MTOC structures in untreated mitotic cancer cells. While in most cancer cells these acentrosomal MTOCs were rapidly incorporated into the assembling bipolar spindle, some cells eventually established bipolar spindles with acentrosomal poles and free centrosomes. These observations demonstrate that acentrosomal MTOCs were functional and that both centrosomal and acentrosomal mechanisms were required for bipolar spindle organization. Our study shows that HSET is critical for clustering acentrosomal and centrosomal MTOCs during spindle formation in human cancer cells with two bona fide centrosomes. Furthermore, we show that in checkpoint-defective cancer cells, acentrosomal spindle formation and HSET-dependence are partially mediated by a constitutive activation of the DNA damage response. In summary, we propose that acentrosomal spindle assembly mechanisms are hyperactive in cancer cells and promote HSET, a key driver of acentrosomal spindle organization, as an attractive target for cancer therapy.


Asunto(s)
Centrosoma/metabolismo , Cinesinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Huso Acromático/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Daño del ADN , Humanos , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Complejos Multiproteicos/metabolismo
7.
Nat Cancer ; 5(7): 1102-1120, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38565920

RESUMEN

The YAP-TEAD protein-protein interaction mediates YAP oncogenic functions downstream of the Hippo pathway. To date, available YAP-TEAD pharmacologic agents bind into the lipid pocket of TEAD, targeting the interaction indirectly via allosteric changes. However, the consequences of a direct pharmacological disruption of the interface between YAP and TEADs remain largely unexplored. Here, we present IAG933 and its analogs as potent first-in-class and selective disruptors of the YAP-TEAD protein-protein interaction with suitable properties to enter clinical trials. Pharmacologic abrogation of the interaction with all four TEAD paralogs resulted in YAP eviction from chromatin and reduced Hippo-mediated transcription and induction of cell death. In vivo, deep tumor regression was observed in Hippo-driven mesothelioma xenografts at tolerated doses in animal models as well as in Hippo-altered cancer models outside mesothelioma. Importantly this also extended to larger tumor indications, such as lung, pancreatic and colorectal cancer, in combination with RTK, KRAS-mutant selective and MAPK inhibitors, leading to more efficacious and durable responses. Clinical evaluation of IAG933 is underway.


Asunto(s)
Vía de Señalización Hippo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Factores de Transcripción , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Humanos , Animales , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Transcripción de Dominio TEA , Proteínas ras/metabolismo , Femenino , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico
8.
Chembiochem ; 14(10): 1218-25, 2013 Jul 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23780915

RESUMEN

The Hippo pathway controls cell homeostasis, and its deregulation can lead to human diseases. In this pathway, the YAP and TAZ transcriptional cofactors play a key role in stimulating gene transcription through their interaction with the TEAD transcriptional factors. Our study of YAP and TAZ peptides in biochemical and biophysical assays shows that both proteins have essentially the same affinity for TEAD. Molecular modeling and structural biology data suggest that they also bind to the same site on TEAD. However, this apparent similarity hides differences in the ways in which the two proteins interact with TEAD. The secondary structure elements of their TEAD binding site do not contribute equally to the overall affinity, and critical interactions with TEAD are made through different residues. This convergent optimization of the YAP/TAZ TEAD binding site suggests that the similarity in the affinities of binding of YAP to TEAD and of TAZ to TEAD is important for Hippo pathway functionality.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Aciltransferasas , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/química , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Vía de Señalización Hippo , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas Musculares/química , Proteínas Musculares/genética , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Péptidos/química , Péptidos/genética , Péptidos/metabolismo , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Transducción de Señal , Factores de Transcripción de Dominio TEA , Factores de Transcripción/química , Factores de Transcripción/genética
9.
Cancer Cell ; 5(3): 221-30, 2004 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15050914

RESUMEN

Insulin-like growth factors and their receptor (IGF-1R) have been implicated in cancer pathophysiology. We demonstrate that IGF-1R is universally expressed in various hematologic (multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia) and solid tumor (breast, prostate, lung, colon, thyroid, renal, adrenal cancer, retinoblastoma, and sarcoma) cells. Specific IGF-1R inhibition with neutralizing antibody, antagonistic peptide, or the selective kinase inhibitor NVP-ADW742 has in vitro activity against diverse tumor cell types (particularly multiple myeloma), even those resistant to conventional therapies, and triggers pleiotropic antiproliferative/proapoptotic molecular sequelae, delineated by global transcriptional and proteomic profiling. NVP-ADW742 monotherapy or its combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy had significant antitumor activity in an orthotopic xenograft MM model, providing in vivo proof of principle for therapeutic use of selective IGF-1R inhibitors in cancer.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Hematológicas/metabolismo , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos , Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Citometría de Flujo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiple , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirroles/farmacología , Trasplante Heterólogo/patología , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo
10.
Cancer Cell ; 5(3): 231-9, 2004 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15050915

RESUMEN

IGF-IR-mediated signaling promotes survival, anchorage-independent growth, and oncogenic transformation, as well as tumor growth and metastasis formation in vivo. NVP-AEW541 is a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative small molecular weight kinase inhibitor of the IGF-IR, capable of distinguishing between the IGF-IR (IC50 = 0.086 microM) and the closely related InsR (IC50 = 2.3 microM) in cells. As expected for a specific IGF-IR kinase inhibitor, NVP-AEW541 abrogates IGF-I-mediated survival and colony formation in soft agar at concentrations that are consistent with inhibition of IGF-IR autophosphorylation. In vivo, this orally bioavailable compound inhibits IGF-IR signaling in tumor xenografts and significantly reduces the growth of IGF-IR-driven fibrosarcomas. Thus, NVP-AEW541 represents a class of selective, small molecule IGF-IR kinase inhibitors with proven in vivo antitumor activity and potential therapeutic application.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Células 3T3 , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/fisiología , División Celular , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Activación Enzimática/fisiología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Humanos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/fisiología , Ratones , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Familia-src Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Familia-src Quinasas/metabolismo
12.
Comput Struct Biotechnol J ; 18: 323-331, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32099592

RESUMEN

Genetic heterogeneity within a tumor arises by clonal evolution, and patients with highly heterogeneous tumors are more likely to be resistant to therapy and have reduced survival. Clonal evolution also occurs when a subset of cells leave the primary tumor to form metastases, which leads to reduced genetic heterogeneity at the metastatic site. Although this process has been observed in human cancer, experimental models which recapitulate this process are lacking. Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) have been shown to recapitulate the patient's original tumor's intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity, as well as its genomics and response to treatment, but whether they can be used to model clonal evolution in the metastatic process is currently unknown. Here, we address this question by following genetic changes in two breast cancer PDX models during metastasis. First, we discovered that mouse stroma can be a confounding factor in assessing intra-tumor heterogeneity by whole exome sequencing, thus we developed a new bioinformatic approach to correct for this. Finally, in a spontaneous, but not experimental (tail-vein) metastasis model we observed a loss of heterogeneity in PDX metastases compared to their orthotopic "primary" tumors, confirming that PDX models can faithfully mimic the clonal evolution process undergone in human patients during metastatic spreading.

13.
Oncotarget ; 11(11): 956-968, 2020 Mar 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32215184

RESUMEN

The histone 3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase (HMT) DOT1L is known to play a critical role for growth and survival of MLL-rearranged leukemia. Serendipitous observations during high-throughput drug screens indicated that the use of DOT1L inhibitors might be expandable to multiple myeloma (MM). Through pharmacologic and genetic experiments, we could validate that DOT1L is essential for growth and viability of a subset of MM cell lines, in line with a recent report from another team. In vivo activity against established MM xenografts was observed with a novel DOT1L inhibitor. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of the dependency in MM, we examined gene expression changes upon DOT1L inhibition in sensitive and insensitive cell lines and discovered that genes belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and protein synthesis machinery were specifically suppressed in sensitive cells. Whole-genome CRISPR screens in the presence or absence of a DOT1L inhibitor revealed that concomitant targeting of the H3K4me3 methyltransferase SETD1B increases the effect of DOT1L inhibition. Our results provide a strong basis for further investigating DOT1L and SETD1B as targets in MM.

14.
Clin Cancer Res ; 25(10): 3164-3175, 2019 05 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30674502

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The selective MET inhibitor capmatinib is being investigated in multiple clinical trials, both as a single agent and in combination. Here, we describe the preclinical data of capmatinib, which supported the clinical biomarker strategy for rational patient selection. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The selectivity and cellular activity of capmatinib were assessed in large cellular screening panels. Antitumor efficacy was quantified in a large set of cell line- or patient-derived xenograft models, testing single-agent or combination treatment depending on the genomic profile of the respective models. RESULTS: Capmatinib was found to be highly selective for MET over other kinases. It was active against cancer models that are characterized by MET amplification, marked MET overexpression, MET exon 14 skipping mutations, or MET activation via expression of the ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In cancer models where MET is the dominant oncogenic driver, anticancer activity could be further enhanced by combination treatments, for example, by the addition of apoptosis-inducing BH3 mimetics. The combinations of capmatinib and other kinase inhibitors resulted in enhanced anticancer activity against models where MET activation co-occurred with other oncogenic drivers, for example EGFR activating mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Activity of capmatinib in preclinical models is associated with a small number of plausible genomic features. The low fraction of cancer models that respond to capmatinib as a single agent suggests that the implementation of patient selection strategies based on these biomarkers is critical for clinical development. Capmatinib is also a rational combination partner for other kinase inhibitors to combat MET-driven resistance.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Imidazoles/farmacología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/metabolismo , Triazinas/farmacología , Animales , Benzamidas , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Glioblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/patología , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/genética , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Ratones , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
15.
PLoS One ; 14(10): e0221635, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31600213

RESUMEN

Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is thought to be the critical event in the pathogenesis of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. The most frequent genetic alteration in these pathologies is the activating JAK2V617F mutation, and expression of the mutant gene in mouse models was shown to cause a phenotype resembling the human diseases. Given the body of genetic evidence, it has come as a sobering finding that JAK inhibitor therapy only modestly suppresses the JAK2V617F allele burden, despite showing clear benefits in terms of reducing splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms in patients. To gain a better understanding if JAK2V617F is required for maintenance of myeloproliferative disease once it has evolved, we generated a conditional inducible transgenic JAK2V617F mouse model using the SCL-tTA-2S tet-off system. Our model corroborates that expression of JAK2V617F in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells recapitulates key hallmarks of human myeloproliferative neoplasms, and exhibits gender differences in disease manifestation. The disease was found to be transplantable, and importantly, reversible when transgenic JAK2V617F expression was switched off. Our results indicate that mutant JAK2V617F-specific inhibitors should result in profound disease modification by disabling the myeloproliferative clone bearing mutant JAK2.


Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Janus Quinasa 2 , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos , Transgenes , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/patología , Humanos , Janus Quinasa 2/biosíntesis , Janus Quinasa 2/genética , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Mutación Missense , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/metabolismo , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/patología
16.
Mol Cancer Ther ; 18(12): 2194-2206, 2019 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31409633

RESUMEN

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and it is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recently, aberrant signaling through the FGF19/FGFR4 axis has been implicated in HCC. Here, we describe the development of FGF401, a highly potent and selective, first in class, reversible-covalent small-molecule inhibitor of the kinase activity of FGFR4. FGF401 is exquisitely selective for FGFR4 versus the other FGFR paralogues FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and all other kinases in the kinome. FGF401 has excellent drug-like properties showing a robust pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics/efficacy relationship, driven by a fraction of time above the phospho-FGFR4 IC90 value. FGF401 has remarkable antitumor activity in mice bearing HCC tumor xenografts and patient-derived xenograft models that are positive for FGF19, FGFR4, and KLB. FGF401 is the first FGFR4 inhibitor to enter clinical trials, and a phase I/II study is currently ongoing in HCC and other solid malignancies.


Asunto(s)
Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Receptor Tipo 4 de Factor de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Transducción de Señal
18.
Br J Haematol ; 141(4): 470-82, 2008 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18341634

RESUMEN

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Despite recent advances in the treatment, MM represents an incurable disease for which development of new therapies is required. We report the antimyeloma effect of NVP-AEW541, a small molecule that belongs to the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine class, identified as a selective inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) in vitro kinase activity. NVP-AEW541 had a potent cytotoxic effect on fresh cells and in a murine MM model. NVP-AEW541 partially abrogated the proliferative advantage conferred by the coculture with BM stromal cells and the presence of growth factors produced by the BM microenvironment. In addition, NVP-AEW541 potentiated the action of drugs, such as bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone or melphalan. Moreover the triple combination of NVP-AEW541, dexamethasone and bortezomib resulted in a significant increase in growth inhibition. Mechanistic studies indicated that NVP-AEW541 provoked a marked cell cycle blockade accompanied by pRb downregulation. Interestingly, NVP-AEW541 increased the levels of p27 associated with a reduction in the CDK2 activity. Finally, NVP-AEW541 induced cell death through caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. All these data, suggest the potential effect of IGF-IR kinase inhibitors as therapeutic agents for MM patients.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirroles/farmacología , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Caspasas/fisiología , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citocinas/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Mieloma Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiple/metabolismo , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Pirroles/uso terapéutico , Trasplante Heterólogo , Células Tumorales Cultivadas
19.
Clin Cancer Res ; 13(4): 1322-30, 2007 Feb 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17317844

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Small-molecule insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR)-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been recently proposed as clinically viable approaches to impair IGF-IR functions. NVP-AEW541 seems one of the most promising agents. In this article, we point out its effects against migration, metastasis, vasculogenicity, and angiogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In vivo NVP-AEW541 effectiveness was analyzed against TC-71 Ewing's sarcoma growth and bone metastasis after cell inoculation in athymic mice. Activity of the compound against angiogenesis as well as vasculogenesis properties was also considered both in vitro and in xenografts. Serum glucose, urea, transaminase levels, as well as other signs of distress were checked in mice treated with the IGF-IR inhibitor. RESULTS: Significant inhibition of migration, metastasis, vasculogenicity, and angiogenesis was recorded after treatment of Ewing's sarcoma cells with NVP-AEW541. In view of its application and the similarity of insulin receptor and IGF-IR, diabetogenic side effects were considered. We observed a significant decrease of glucose blood serum due to increased glucose uptake at cellular level and an increase in urea concentration. Moreover, an initial weight loss was observed in mice bearing tumors. All these side effects were similarly detected in mice treated with vincristine. After the first days of treatment, all the animals started to grow again. CONCLUSIONS: Our results globally reinforce the idea that IGF-IR inhibitor NVP-AEW541 could have a role in future combined therapies and suggest to pursue a thorough molecular analysis of the metabolic activity of IGF-IR to avoid possible side effects of these inhibitors.


Asunto(s)
Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirroles/farmacología , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sarcoma de Ewing/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismo , Sarcoma de Ewing/irrigación sanguínea , Sarcoma de Ewing/metabolismo , Sarcoma de Ewing/patología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
20.
Cancer Res ; 66(3): 1500-8, 2006 Feb 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16452206

RESUMEN

Stimulation of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor activates the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway causing pleiotropic cellular effects including an mTOR-dependent loss in insulin receptor substrate-1 expression leading to feedback down-regulation of signaling through the pathway. In model systems, tumors exhibiting mutational activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt kinase, a common event in cancers, are hypersensitive to mTOR inhibitors, including rapamycin. Despite the activity in model systems, in patients, mTOR inhibitors exhibit more modest antitumor activity. We now show that mTOR inhibition induces insulin receptor substrate-1 expression and abrogates feedback inhibition of the pathway, resulting in Akt activation both in cancer cell lines and in patient tumors treated with the rapamycin derivative, RAD001. IGF-I receptor inhibition prevents rapamycin-induced Akt activation and sensitizes tumor cells to inhibition of mTOR. In contrast, IGF-I reverses the antiproliferative effects of rapamycin in serum-free medium. The data suggest that feedback down-regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling is a frequent event in tumor cells with constitutive mTOR activation. Reversal of this feedback loop by rapamycin may attenuate its therapeutic effects, whereas combination therapy that ablates mTOR function and prevents Akt activation may have improved antitumor activity.


Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Sirolimus/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Activación Enzimática , Humanos , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/farmacología , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/biosíntesis , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR
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