RESUMEN
We investigated the presence of 4 human polyomaviruses (PyVs) (WU, KI, Merkel cell, and Malawi) in respiratory specimens from a community-based birth cohort. These viruses typically were acquired when children were ≈1 year of age. We provide evidence that WU, KI, and Malawi, but not Merkel cell PyVs, might have a role in respiratory infections.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Poliomavirus/clasificación , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Queensland/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virologíaRESUMEN
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), when combined with various delivery mechanisms, has the potential to become a powerful novel therapeutic agent against difficult-to-treat infections, especially those involving biofilm. It is important in the context of the global antibiotic resistance crisis. ROS is rapidly active in vitro against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested. ROS also has antifungal and antiviral properties. ROS prevents the formation of biofilms caused by a range of bacterial species in wounds and respiratory epithelium. ROS has been successfully used in infection prevention, eradication of multiresistant organisms, prevention of surgical site infection, and intravascular line care. This antimicrobial mechanism has great potential for the control of bioburden and biofilm at many sites, thus providing an alternative to systemic antibiotics on epithelial/mucosal surfaces, for wound and cavity infection, chronic respiratory infections and possibly recurrent urinary infections as well as local delivery to deeper structures and prosthetic devices. Its simplicity and stability lend itself to use in developing economies as well.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/efectos adversos , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/efectos adversos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/tratamiento farmacológico , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/farmacología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Urinarias/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección de Heridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección de Heridas/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a novel therapeutic strategy for topical or local application to wounds, mucosa or internal structures where there may be heavy bacterial bioburden with biofilm and chronic inflammation. Bacterial biofilms are a significant problem in clinical settings owing to their increased tolerance towards conventionally prescribed antibiotics and their propensity for selection of further antibacterial resistance. There is therefore a pressing need for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies that can improve antibiotic efficacy towards biofilms. ROS has been successful in treating chronic wounds and in clearing multidrug-resistant organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and carbapenemase-producing isolates from wounds and vascular line sites. There is significant antifungal activity of ROS against planktonic and biofilm forms. Nebulised ROS has been evaluated in limited subjects to assess reductions in bioburden in chronically colonised respiratory tracts. The antibiofilm activity of ROS could have great implications for the treatment of a variety of persistent respiratory conditions. Use of ROS on internal prosthetic devices shows promise. A variety of novel delivery mechanisms are being developed to apply ROS activity to different anatomical sites.