Karyotype/phenotype correlation in partial trisomies of the long arm of chromosome 16: case report and review of literature.

Trisomy 16q is a clinically recognizable entity presenting with a wide spectrum of abnormalities. Only five infants with a diagnosis of partial trisomy 16q13 → qter have been previously reported, and all died during the first year of life. We report the clinical and molecular cytogenetic findings in a patient with trisomy 16q13 → qter due to the presence of a supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC). The child presented with microcephaly, ambiguous genitalia, cardiac malformations and dysmorphic features. Cytogenetic investigation using GTG-banding, spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed an SMC of maternal origin with karyotype der(15)t(15;16)(q13;q13). Specific genotype-phenotype correlations among different segments of the 16q region cannot yet be defined. We suggest that the involvement of the entire region spanning from 16q11 to 16q22 is necessary for the characteristic phenotype of the trisomy 16q.

Molecular basis of familial adenomatous polyposis in the southeast of Brazil: identification of six novel mutations.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to screen point mutations and deletions in APC and MUTYH genes in patients suspected of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in a Brazilian cohort. METHODS: We used high-resolution melting, Sanger direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe association (MLPA) assays to identify point mutations, and large genomic variations within the coding regions of APC and MUTYH genes. RESULTS: We identified 19 causative mutations in 40 Brazilian patients from 20 different families. Four novel mutations were identified in the APC gene and two in the MUTYH gene. We also found a high intra- and inter-familial diversity regarding extracolonic manifestations, and gastric polyps were the most common manifestation found in our cohort. CONCLUSION: We believe that the FAP mutational spectrum can be population-specific and screening FAP patients in different populations can improve pre-clinical diagnosis and improve clinical conduct.

Oral Rehabilitation of a Child with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia.

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic condition characterized by abnormal development of two or more structures of the ectoderm, such as skin, hair, nails, teeth, or sweat glands. The most common dental anomalies are oligodontia and anodontia but taurodontism has also been described. These patients present a decrease of alveolar bone volume and alveolar ridge tapering due to congenitally missing teeth. The purpose of this report is to describe the case of a six-year-old girl diagnosed with HED who presented with conical teeth, taurodontic molars, and multiple agenesis that decreased the patient's self-esteem and social interactions. The proposed treatment was to accomplish an oral rehabilitation that was functional, provided the patient with the ability for correct mastication, good esthetics, and comfort, using restorations and devices that did not interfere with the child's orofacial growth and development. (J Dent Child 2019;86(3):158-63).

Velocardiofacial syndrome with a rare t(2;22).

Rearrangements involving chromosomes 2 and 22 were described not only as acquired abnormalities in a variety of human neoplasias but also in the constitutional karyotype suggesting the existence of a greater fragility in some specific regions in these chromosomes. Patients with DiGeorge and Velocardiofacial syndromes have a deletion on 22q11 leading to haploinsufficiency for one or more gene(s). We report a patient with velocardiofacial syndrome in which cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed a rare t(2;22) and deletion in the 22q11 region.

Ambulatório de genética médica na Apae: experiência no ensino médico de graduação / A medical genetics clinic in a Day-care Center for Handicapped: an experience in undergraduate medical education

Este trabalho relata uma experiência de ensino cujo objetivo foi oferecer formação significativa e integradora na área de genética médica aos graduandos de medicina do Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá. Para isto, em 2005, foi estruturado um ambulatório de genética médica na Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae) do município de Jardinópolis (SP), como parte do estágio de internato em Saúde Coletiva e Medicina da Família e Comunidade, realizado nos serviços de saúde desse município. Desde então, os estudantes do sexto ano do curso médico avaliaram 140 pacientes, estabelecendo o grau de comprometimento intelectual, a etiologia da deficiência mental e oferecendo aconselhamento genético não-diretivo às famílias, sob orientação dos professores. A diversificação do cenário de ensino e aprendizagem aproximou os alunos da realidade dos pacientes com deficiência mental no País. Além disto, os estudantes puderam se apropriar de alguns fundamentos teóricos da genética médica a partir da constatação de suas implicações na prática clínica, tornando a aprendizagem significativa. Com esta experiência espera-se ter contribuído para a formação de médicos mais competentes na área da genética médica e saúde coletiva, e dispostos a trabalhar de forma integrada e integradora com a comunidade.

This paper relates an educational experience, whose goal was to offer community-integrated qualification in the field of medical genetics to students of the Barão de Mauá Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose, a medical genetics clinic was established in 2005 at the Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais - Apae (Association of Parents and Friends of Handicapped Children) as part of the course of Collective Health and Family and Community Medicine. Since then, the sixth year medical students have evaluated 140 patients, establishing their degree of intellectual disability, the etiology of the mental deficiency, and offered genetic counseling to the families under the guidance of their teachers. The diversification of the learning-teaching scenario brought the students closer to the patients and to the reality of the community. Moreover, the students could assimilate some theoretical bases of medical genetics by experiencing its implications in the clinical practice, turning the learning experience significant. The authors hope that this experience will contribute to qualify doctors better prepared in medical genetics and collective health and ready for working in an integrated and integrative manner with the community.

Anomalias congênitas: validade das informações das declarações de nascido vivo em uma maternidade de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo / Congenital abnormalities: validation of birth certificates in a maternity of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo

Objetivos: avaliar a qualidade das informações sobre anomalias congênitas registradas nas declarações de nascido vivo (DNV), comparando as informações obtidas com as registradas nos prontuários médicos dos respectivos recém-nascidos...

Objective: evaluation of birth certificates minding the accuracy of their information about neonatal congenital abnormalities and compare these clues with those hept in their medical records filed in hospital...