RESUMEN
Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of food poisoning worldwide, and poultry products are the main source of S. Enteritidis contamination for humans. Among the numerous strategies for disease control, improving genetic resistance to S. Enteritidis has been the most effective approach. We investigated the association between S. Enteritidis burden in the caecum, spleen, and liver of young indigenous chickens and seven candidate genes, selected on the basis of their critical roles in immunological functions. The genes included those encoding interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor ß2 (TGF-ß2), immunoglobulin light chain (IgL), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Two Malaysian indigenous chicken breeds were used as sustainable genetic sources of alleles that are resistant to salmonellosis. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment-length polymorphism technique was used to genotype the candidate genes. Three different genotypes were observed in all of the candidate genes, except for MD-2. All of the candidate genes showed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the two populations. The IL-2-MnlI polymorphism was associated with S. Enteritidis burden in the caecum and spleen. The TGF-ß2-RsaI, TLR-4-Sau 96I, and iNOS-AluI polymorphisms were associated with the caecum S. Enteritidis load. The other candidate genes were not associated with S. Enteritidis load in any organ. The results indicate that the IL-2, TGF-ß2, TLR-4, and iNOS genes are potential candidates for use in selection programmes for increasing genetic resistance against S. Enteritidis in Malaysian indigenous chickens.
Asunto(s)
Pollos/genética , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción/genética , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inmunología , Salmonelosis Animal/inmunología , Salmonella enteritidis/patogenicidad , Animales , Pollos/inmunología , Pollos/microbiología , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Cadenas Ligeras de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Interferón gamma/genética , Interleucina-2/genética , Intestino Grueso/microbiología , Modelos Lineales , Hígado/microbiología , Antígeno 96 de los Linfocitos/genética , Malasia , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/genética , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Salmonelosis Animal/genética , Salmonelosis Animal/microbiología , Salmonella enteritidis/inmunología , Bazo/microbiología , Receptor Toll-Like 4/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta2/genéticaRESUMEN
The objective of this research was to examine the growth pattern for body weight, body length and height at withers of Kalahari Red goats using non-linear models. The body size measurement data were collected from 227 Kalahari Red female goats and fit into Gompertz and Brody growth model. The results revealed that Gompertz growth model had the best goodness of fit to describe the growth of Kalahari Red goats for body weight, body length and height at withers as shown by higher coefficient of determination (97.9, 98.9 and 99.1, respectively). The correlation coefficients between A and k for body weight, body length and height at withers were negative in both models, implying that goats of larger mature size tended to have a slower growth rate in relation to their mature size. Height at withers-body weight has the highest correlation coefficient (0.96).
Asunto(s)
Cabras/crecimiento & desarrollo , Aumento de Peso , Animales , Biometría , Femenino , Cabras/anatomía & histología , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Dinámicas no LinealesRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to determine the growth pattern for body weight, hip height and body length using non-linear model and the correlation between the parameters in Brakmas cows. Cross-sectional data of body weight, hip height and body length of 363 heads of Brakmas cows were collected to determine the growth pattern using Brody and Gompertz growth model. The results showed that Gompertz growth function had the best goodness of fit to describe the growth of Brakmas cattle for body weight, hip height and body length as shown by its high coefficient of determination (0.96, 0.99 and 0.99, respectively). Brody model estimated higher mature sizes compared to Gompertz model as the rate of maturing derived by Brody model are lower for the parameters as shown by negative correlation between mature size and maturing. Body length-body weight has the highest correlation coefficient (0.95) and hip height-body weight showed the lowest relationship (0.92).