RESUMEN
Using the adverse events monitoring system of Japan, we observed diarrhea cases in approximately 10% of patients who received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). This study was conducted to investigate whether diarrhea among children aged 0 to 1 is caused by OPV or by other factors such contact at the doctor's office and/or with others outside the home. We conducted a survey of the health of children after regular health check-ups and after the administration of the OPV. The data from the health check-ups were used as a control for the OPV case group. We compared the first-OPV dose vaccination group as well as the second-OPV dose vaccination group to the health check-up group. For cases of diarrhea, the odds ratio of the OPV group to the health check-up group was 1.776. Our findings strongly suggest that post-OPV cases of mild diarrhea are closely related to the administration of the OPV.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea/inducido químicamente , Vacuna Antipolio Oral/efectos adversos , Sistemas de Registro de Reacción Adversa a Medicamentos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Preescolar , Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Incidencia , Lactante , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Vacuna Antipolio Oral/administración & dosificación , Vigilancia de la Población , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
An efficient clean-up procedure was developed for the trace residue determination of tetracyclines (TCs) in dark-colored honeys. TCs were extracted from samples with McIlvaine buffer (pH 4.0) containing 0.01 mol/L Na(2)EDTA. The extracts were treated with both a polymeric cartridge (GL-Pak PLS-2) and a metal chelate affinity column (MCAC) preloaded with copper(II). TCs were eluted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence detection. The method was evaluated for the determination of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) in buckwheat honey, because its color is the darkest. The mean recoveries of OTC, TC and CTC from spiked samples, at three fortification levels, were >70%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <10%. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) of OTC, TC, and CTC were estimated to be 0.015 mg/kg, 0.019 mg/kg, and 0.024 mg/kg, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía de Afinidad , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/instrumentación , Residuos de Medicamentos/análisis , Miel/análisis , Tetraciclinas/análisis , Color , Quelantes del HierroRESUMEN
A novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the trace residue determination of vedaprofen (VPF) in livestock products and seafoods. VPF was extracted from each sample with acidified acetone, and the crude extract was re-extracted with ethyl acetate and NaCl solution. Clean-up was performed using a weak anion exchange cartridge (Bond Elut DEA). The LC separation was performed on a C18 column using acetonitrile-0.0025 mol/L formic acid (3 : 2) as the mobile phase and MS was run in the negative ion electrospray ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.001-0.1 µg/mL VPF. The mean recoveries from equine muscle, cattle muscle, cattle liver, cattle fat, salmon, eel, corbicula, milk, egg and buckwheat honey were 72-94%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.1-2.0%. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.001 to 0.007 µg/g.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/análisis , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Residuos de Medicamentos/análisis , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Productos de la Carne/análisis , Naftalenos/análisis , Propionatos/análisis , Alimentos Marinos/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Residuos de Medicamentos/aislamiento & purificación , Huevos/análisis , Miel/análisis , Ganado , Leche/química , Naftalenos/aislamiento & purificación , Propionatos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
A novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for trace residue determination of bicozamycin (BZM) in livestock products and seafoods. BZM was extracted from a sample with acetonitrile-water (4 : 1), followed by a two-stage SPE enrichment and cleanup. The first stage involved a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer cartridge (GL-Pak PLS-2), and the second stage involved a divinylbenzene-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer cartridge (Oasis HLB). The LC separation was performed on a C18 column using 0.01% formic acid-methanol (8 : 2) as the mobile phase and MS detection with negative ion electrospray ionization. The mean recoveries from swine muscle, liver, yellowtail, and milk fortified at the minimum residue limit (MRL) levels and 0.01 microg/g were >70%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <20%. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.002 to 0.005 microg/g.