RESUMEN
Classical swine fever (CSF) caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is one of the most detrimental diseases, and leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Despite efforts by many government authorities to stamp out the disease from national pig populations, the disease remains widespread. Here, antiviral small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were selected and then inserted at the porcine Rosa26 (pRosa26) locus via a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in strategy. Finally, anti-CSFV transgenic (TG) pigs were produced by somatic nuclear transfer (SCNT). Notably, in vitro and in vivo viral challenge assays further demonstrated that these TG pigs could effectively limit the replication of CSFV and reduce CSFV-associated clinical signs and mortality, and disease resistance could be stably transmitted to the F1-generation. Altogether, our work demonstrated that RNA interference (RNAi) technology combining CRISPR/Cas9 technology offered the possibility to produce TG animal with improved resistance to viral infection. The use of these TG pigs can reduce CSF-related economic losses and this antiviral strategy may be useful for future antiviral research.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales , Peste Porcina Clásica/prevención & control , Ingeniería Genética/métodos , Animales , Animales Modificados Genéticamente , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Clásica , PorcinosRESUMEN
Epitope-specific neutralizing antibodies (EsAbs) are of prime importance in the diagnosis and treatment of various serious diseases. However, obtaining EsAbs by the monoclonal antibody technique involves time-consuming and sophisticated multistep procedures, and the epitopes of the resulting antibodies are often not explicit. It is also very challenging to isolate EsAbs from numerous kinds of total immunoglobulins because of nonspecific adsorption and low separation efficiency. Herein, a magnetic core@multiarm shell-epitope (M@A-E) bioconjugate was fabricated to enrich and isolate EsAbs from immune serums. This robust multiarm scaffold exhibits outstanding binding capacity and good resistance to nontarget adsorption and serves as a reservoir for the release and reloading of EsAbs for repeatable applications. The EsAbs yield per milligram of the M@A-E was about 30 µg, which was approximately twice that of commercially available beads (16 µg). After 10 cycles of loading and release in glycine buffer (0.1 M, pH 2.5), the M@A-E bioconjugates still showed relatively high specificity and capture capacity (20 µg) superior to the same amount of new, unused conventional ones. This strategy provides a promising platform for enriching and isolating substantial quantities of EsAbs, which have great potential for applications in the detection and treatment of critical illness.
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Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/aislamiento & purificación , Epítopos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/química , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/inmunología , Células Cultivadas , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Clásica/inmunología , Epítopos/química , Epítopos/inmunología , Fenómenos Magnéticos , PorcinosRESUMEN
CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as one of the most popular genome editing tools due to its simple design and high efficiency in multiple species. Myostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth and mutations in myostatin cause double-muscled phenotype in various animals. Here, we generated myostatin mutation in Erhualian pigs using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer. The protein level of myostatin precursor decreased dramatically in mutant cloned piglets. Unlike myostatin knockout Landrace, which often encountered health issues and died shortly after birth, Erhualian pigs harboring homozygous mutations were viable. Moreover, myostatin knockout Erhualian pigs exhibited partial double-muscled phenotype such as prominent muscular protrusion, wider back and hip compared with wild-type piglets. Genome editing in Chinese indigenous pig breeds thus holds great promise not only for improving growth performance, but also for protecting endangered genetic resources.
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Animales Modificados Genéticamente/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Mutación , Miostatina/genética , Porcinos/genética , Animales , Femenino , Técnicas de Inactivación de Genes , Homocigoto , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Técnicas de Transferencia Nuclear , Transfección/métodosRESUMEN
A new label-free fluorescence turn-on strategy for highly sensitive biosensing has been developed. A negatively charged perylene probe was synthesized. Polycations could induce aggregation of the perylene probe through noncovalent interactions and the fluorescence of the probe's monomer was efficiently quenched. Upon addition of a single-stranded nucleic acid, competitive binding of the negatively charged nucleic acid (a polyanion) to the cationic polymer resulted in the release of a monomer and thus a turn-on fluorescence signal was detected. Without the use of any amplification techniques, a detection limit of 2â pM DNA was obtained. Based on these results, an assay strategy for the highly sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity has been demonstrated. λâ Exonuclease (λâ exo) could degrade 5'-phosphorylated single-stranded DNA. However, when the DNA sample was treated with ALP, the phosphate functional group was removed by ALP and it could no longer be degraded by λâ exo. Binding of the DNA to the perylene probe-polycation complex resulted in a turn-on fluorescence signal, which could be used for sensing of ALP. The method is highly sensitive, a limit of detection as low as 0.02â mU mL(-1) ALP was obtained. Our method is simple, convenient, highly sensitive, and inexpensive.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Biosensibles , ADN de Cadena Simple/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Perileno/química , Polímeros/química , Fosfatasa Alcalina/análisis , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , PolielectrolitosRESUMEN
Introduction: The diagnosis of brucellosis largely relies on tiger red plate agglutination test (RBPT). However, it is difficult to distinguish between natural infection antibody positive and vaccination antibody positive, nevertheless, the identification of specific Brucella species natural infection. Methods: Here, we analyzed the structure of main outer membrane proteins (OMPs), OMP25 and OMP31 from Brucella ovis (B. ovis) and Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis), which are the main pathogens of sheep brucellosis, and found the OMP25 and OMP31 could be used as the differential antigens for B. ovis and B. melitensis antibody. Then we expressed the OMP25 from B. ovis (OMP25o) and OMP31 from B. melitensis (OMP31m). Results: They have equally efficiency in antibody detection of vaccinated sheep serum, consistent with the RBPT results. However, through epidemiological investigations, we found some RBPT positive samples were negative by the OMP31m based serum antibody detection, but these samples gave positive results by the OMP25o. We verified these OMP31m negative but OMP25o positive samples by B. ovis and B. melitensis specific primers based PCR detection, and all these samples were B. melitensis negative. However, four out of six samples are B. ovis positive. These results showed that we could use the OMP25o and OMP31m to diagnose sheep brucellosis antibody, especially to discriminate the infection of the B. ovis. Discussion: Currently, China has not yet approved a vaccine based on B. ovis and B. ovis positive samples should be naturally infected. There should be some implicit transmission of B. ovis in Jilin province. Further epidemiological investigation should be conducted to monitor the B. ovis natural infection.
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Brucella melitensis , Brucella ovis , Brucelosis , Animales , Ovinos , Proteínas de la Membrana , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Brucelosis/diagnóstico , Brucelosis/epidemiología , Brucelosis/veterinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a serious worldwide pandemic. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)-based methods were recommended for routine detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Because the reaction time and analytical sensitivity of qRT-PCR limits the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, development of a quick process of SARS-CoV-2 detection technology with high analytical sensitivity remains urgent. METHODS: We combined isothermal amplification and fluorescence detection technology to develop a new auto-recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-fluorescence platform that could be used in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: By optimization of primers and probes, the RPA platform could detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleotides within 15 min. The limits of detection and specificity of the auto-RPA-fluorescence platform were 5 copies/µL and 100%, respectively. The accuracy of detection of the auto-RPA-fluorescence platform in the 16 positive samples was 100%. CONCLUSION: The RPA platform is a potential technology for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Recombinasas , ARN Viral/genética , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
We have developed a simple, inexpensive, and label-free method for the selective detection of adenosine. Klenow fragment polymerase (KF polymerase) is a commonly-used 5' to 3' DNA polymerase, it also has 3' to 5' exonuclease activity that can digest single-stranded DNA. An adenosine binding DNA aptamer was employed, the aptamer was split into two pieces of single-stranded DNA (aptamer-A1 + aptamer-A2). Without the addition of adenosine, aptamer-A1 and aptamer-A2 existed as single-stranded DNA which could be efficiently degraded by the exonuclease activity of KF polymerase. Much reduced background fluorescence was obtained when SYBR Green dye was added. However, in the presence of adenosine, aptamer-A1 and aptamer-A2 bound to adenosine, and hybridization of the complementary sequences resulted in the formation of a duplex DNA structure, which could initiate DNA polymerization. The addition of SYBR Green dye resulted in a very high fluorescence enhancement, which could be used for the quantification of adenosine.
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Adenosina/análisis , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , ADN Polimerasa I/química , ADN de Cadena Simple/química , Adenosina/química , Aptámeros de Nucleótidos/química , Benzotiazoles , Diaminas , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Compuestos Orgánicos , Quinolinas , Coloración y EtiquetadoRESUMEN
Intracellular delivery of message RNA (mRNA) technique has ushered in a hopeful era with the successive authorization of two mRNA vaccines for the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. A wide range of clinical studies are proceeding and will be initiated in the foreseeable future to treat and prevent cancers. However, efficient and non-toxic delivery of therapeutic mRNAs maintains the key limited step for their widespread applications in human beings. mRNA delivery systems are in urgent demand to resolve this difficulty. Recently lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) vehicles have prospered as powerful mRNA delivery tools, enabling their potential applications in malignant tumors via cancer immunotherapy and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technique. This review discusses formulation components of mRNA-LNPs, summarizes the latest findings of mRNA cancer therapy, highlights challenges, and offers directions for more effective nanotherapeutics for cancer patients.
RESUMEN
To investigate the presence of myeloma-associated antigens in Trichinella spiralis and their anti-tumor effect, cross-immune responses between antigens of the myeloma cell SP2/0 versus positive sera to T. spiralis, and antigens of T. spiralis versus positive sera to myeloma cell SP2/0 were determined using T. spiralis and myeloma specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The myeloma-associated antigens in T. spiralis were separated by ultrafiltration and 2-D electrophoresis, and the amino acid sequences and molecular weights were determined by spectrometry. An obvious reaction was found between a 33 kDa antigen and positive sera, and the major component of the antigen was tropomyosin (TM), which is an surface acidic protein with 284 amino acids. Mice were immunized with TM to determine the anti-tumor effect in vivo. The results showed that CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocyte, and CD19(+) B lymphocyte were significantly increased (P<0.05). The anti-tumor effects were significantly different between mice immunized with the antigens or adjuvant alone (P<0.05), while the difference between mice immunized with antigens and whole T. spiralis was not significant (P>0.05). The results indicated that TM identified in this study may play a role in eliciting cross-protective immunity.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Helmínticos/análisis , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análisis , Mieloma Múltiple/inmunología , Proteínas de Mieloma/análisis , Trichinella spiralis/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Antígenos Helmínticos/química , Antígenos Helmínticos/inmunología , Antígenos de Neoplasias/química , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Western Blotting , Línea Celular Tumoral , Reacciones Cruzadas , Electroforesis en Gel Bidimensional , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proteínas de Mieloma/química , Proteínas de Mieloma/inmunología , Distribución Aleatoria , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización DesorciónRESUMEN
In the present work, we report a fluorescence turn-on approach for the sensitive and selective detection of Hg(2+). A cationic perylene derivative (compound 1) was used as the fluorescence probe, and a thymine-rich oligonucleotide (oligo-M) was employed for the specific interaction with Hg(2+). Compound 1 shows strong tendency to self-aggregate into linear chain structures in aqueous media because of the pi-pi stacking interactions of its planar aromatic ring structure. The compound 1 free monomer is strongly fluorescent, whereas its aggregates are not fluorescent. When oligo-M and compound 1 were mixed, oligo-M induced strong compound 1 aggregation and resulted in significant fluorescence quenching. In the presence of Hg(2+), the specific interactions between oligo-M and Hg(2+) induced hairpin structure formation of oligo-M and thus weakened its binding to compound 1 aggregates. As a result, free probe monomers were released, and increased fluorescence was observed. The fluorescence intensity increase was in direct proportion to the concentration of Hg(2+) added. Our method provides a simple, fast, and efficient means for Hg(2+) quantification, it is highly sensitive with a limit of detection of 1 nM, and is also highly selective against other common metal ions.
Asunto(s)
Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Mercurio/análisis , Perileno/química , Fluorescencia , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
A wide range of endemic and epidemic viruses, including classic swine fever virus (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and others, are among the most economically important pathogens in pigs and have severely affected the national economy, human health and animal welfare and productivity. The RSAD2 exhibits antiviral activity against various DNA and RNA viruses. In this study, we successfully accomplished site-specific insertion of the porcine RSAD2 gene (pRSAD2) at the porcine ROSA26 (pROSA26) locus, generating pRSAD2 gene knock-in (pRSAD2-KI) PK-15 cells and porcine foetal fibroblasts (PFFs) via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Gene expression analysis confirmed that pRSAD2-KI cells stably and efficiently overexpressed the pRSAD2 gene. Furthermore, viral challenge studies in vitro indicated that site-specific integration of the pRSAD2 gene not only effectively reduced CSFV infection but also PRV infection. More importantly, we ultimately successfully produced a pRSAD2-KI pig that constitutively overexpressed the pRSAD2, viral challenge results indicated that fibroblasts isolated from the pRSAD2-KI pig reduced CSFV infection. Taken together, these results suggest that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in strategy can be used for producing pRSAD2-KI pigs.
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Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Técnicas de Sustitución del Gen , Proteínas Hierro-Azufre/genética , Transgenes , Animales , Proteína 9 Asociada a CRISPR , Línea Celular , Peste Porcina Clásica/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/virología , Expresión Génica , Genes Reporteros , Herpesvirus Suido 1/metabolismo , Porcinos , Replicación Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious swine disease that causes devastating economic losses. However, there are few efficacious therapeutic antibodies against the CSF virus (CSFV). Accordingly, we isolated two whole-porcine anti-CSFV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) directly from single B cells sorted using the conserved linear epitope of the CSFV E2 protein and goat anti-pig IgG. These mAbs, termed HK24 and HK44, can bind to the E2 protein by recognizing sites within the conserved linear epitope of E2. In addition, these two mAbs can detect virus infection with high specificity and possess potent neutralizing activity. HK24 and HK44 protect PK-15 cells from CSFV infections in vitro with potent IC50 values of 9.3 and 0.62 µg/mL, respectively. We anticipate that these antibodies can be used as diagnostic and antiviral agents for CSFV and that the method we describe here will accelerate the production of therapeutic antibodies for other viruses.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales/genética , Anticuerpos Antivirales/genética , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Clásica/inmunología , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/metabolismo , Anticuerpos Antivirales/metabolismo , Reacciones Antígeno-Anticuerpo , Linfocitos B/citología , Línea Celular , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Clásica/metabolismo , Epítopos/química , Epítopos/inmunología , Epítopos/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Cadenas Pesadas de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Cadenas Ligeras de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Plásmidos/genética , Plásmidos/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Porcinos , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genética , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/metabolismoRESUMEN
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria (such as sepsis and meningitis) seriously threaten public health; therefore, rapid and accurate identification of the target bacteria is urgently needed to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Although technologies including plate-counting and polymerase chain reaction have been established to detect the pathogenic bacteria, they are either time-consuming or sophisticated. Herein, a biomimetic octopus-like structure integrating merits of multiarm and multivalent interaction is designed for ultraspecific capture and detection of pathogens. The flexible polymeric arms and multivalent ligands work together to mimic the arm-sucker coordination of an octopus to effectively grasp the target pathogens, leading to remarkably high capacity and specificity for the target capture (above 98%, 10 CFU mL-1) without a nonspecific absorption of background pathogens. The captured bacteria can be identified as a point of care by the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method with a detection limit of 10 cells mL-1.
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Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Biomimética/métodos , Animales , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Límite de Detección , Listeria monocytogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Shigella flexneri/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Successful RNAi applications depend on strategies allowing stable and persistent expression of minimal gene silencing triggers without perturbing endogenous gene expression. In this study, we proposed an endogenous microRNA (miRNA) cluster as a novel integration site for small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). We successfully integrated exogenous shRNAs at the porcine miRNA-17-92 (pmiR-17-92) cluster via a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in strategy. The anti-EGFP or anti-CSFV shRNAs could be stably and effectively expressed at the control of the endogenous promoter of the pmiR-17-92 cluster. Importantly, we confirmed that hitchhike expression of anti- classical swine fever (CSFV) shRNA had no effect on cell growth, blastocyst development and endogenous pmiR-17-92 expression in selected transgene (TG) porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) clones. Moreover, these TG PFFs could inhibit the replication of CSFV by half and could be further used for generation of transgenic pigs. Taken together, these results show that our RNA interference (RNAi) expression strategy benefits numerous applications, from miRNA, genome and transgenic research, to gene therapy.
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Proteína 9 Asociada a CRISPR/metabolismo , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Animales , Animales Modificados Genéticamente , Secuencia de Bases , Blastocisto/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Feto/citología , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Genes Reporteros , Genoma , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , ARN Guía de Kinetoplastida/genética , Porcinos , TransgenesRESUMEN
The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of unique naturally occurring anti-microbial compounds with around 50 amino acids. It represents promising therapeutic agents to the infectious disease without concerning about drug resistance. However, commercial development of these peptides for even the simplest application has been hindered by the limitations of sources, instability, toxicity and bioavailability. To improve the properties of the artificial synthesized AMPs, the modification and design are the hotspots of the AMPs research. In fact, more than half of the known AMPs are naturally modified. In this review, two types of modification strategies, biochemical modification and chemical modification were summarized. Although, the chemical modification is versatile and direct, the manufacturing cost is greatly increased compared to the antibiotics. With the recent progress of the protein modification enzyme, the biochemical modification of the antimicrobial peptide followed by heterologous expression has great application prospects.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/síntesis química , Diseño de Fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/química , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Transmisibles/tratamiento farmacológico , HumanosRESUMEN
The fat-1 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans encodes a fatty acid desaturase which was widely studied due to its beneficial function of converting n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFAs) to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs). To date, many fat-1 transgenic animals have been generated to study disease pathogenesis or improve meat quality. However, all of them were generated using a random integration method with variable transgene expression levels and the introduction of selectable marker genes often raise biosafety concern. To this end, we aimed to generate marker-free fat-1 transgenic pigs in a site-specific manner. The Rosa26 locus, first found in mouse embryonic stem cells, has become one of the most common sites for inserting transgenes due to its safe and ubiquitous expression. In our study, the fat-1 gene was inserted into porcine Rosa 26 (pRosa26) locus via Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system. The Southern blot analysis of our knock-in pigs indicated a single copy of the fat-1 gene at the pRosa26 locus. Furthermore, this single-copy fat-1 gene supported satisfactory expression in a variety of tissues in F1 generation pigs. Importantly, the gas chromatography analysis indicated that these fat-1 knock-in pigs exhibited a significant increase in the level of n-3PUFAs, leading to an obvious decrease in the n-6PUFAs/n-3PUFAs ratio from 9.36 to 2.12 (***P < 0.0001). Altogether, our fat-1 knock-in pigs hold great promise for improving the nutritional value of pork and serving as an animal model to investigate therapeutic effects of n-3PUFAs on various diseases.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/genética , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6/metabolismo , Técnicas de Sustitución del Gen , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Sus scrofa/genética , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Feto/citología , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Sitios Genéticos , Vectores Genéticos/metabolismo , Genotipo , Ratones , ARN no Traducido/genética , Transcripción GenéticaRESUMEN
To elucidate how antigen exposure and selection shape the porcine antibody repertoires, we investigated the immunoglobulin lambda light chain (IGL) gene repertoires of the binary cross-bred (Yorkshire×Landrace) pig at different developmental stages, pre-suckle neonate (0days), wean piglet (35days) and growing pig (75days) under normal farming conditions. Immunoglobulin lambda light transcript (IGLV-J-C) clones of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these different developmental stages were assessed for IGL combination, junction and sequence diversity. Previous research has revealed that IGLV8 plays a major role in immunity during the early fetus stage and that IGLV3 accounts for 30% of the neonatal IGLV repertoires. Here, we found that the antibody profile exhibited salient features at different stages. The usage of the IGLV3-3 subclass gradually decreased during development, in contrast, the utilization of IGLV8 (IGLV8-10, IGLV8-13 and IGLV8-18), which started in the fetal stage, has increased in the growing stage. Moreover, the junction diversity, as measured by the IGLV hypervariable complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3L) lengths, was constant during the different stages. The complete junction mutation ratio clearly increased in the growing pig compared to that in the younger pig. Our data provide new insights into the postnatal porcine IGLV repertoires maturation which can lay the foundation for porcine antibody gene research.
Asunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos/inmunología , Cadenas lambda de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Porcinos/inmunología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Región Variable de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Región Variable de Inmunoglobulina/inmunología , Cadenas lambda de Inmunoglobulina/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Porcinos/genética , Porcinos/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Genetically modified pigs have important roles in agriculture and biomedicine. However, genome-specific knock-in techniques in pigs are still in their infancy and optimal strategies have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we performed electroporation to introduce a targeting donor vector (a non-linearized vector that did not contain a promoter or selectable marker) into Porcine Foetal Fibroblasts (PFFs) along with a CRISPR/Cas9 vector. After optimization, the efficiency of the EGFP site-specific knock-in could reach up to 29.6% at the pRosa26 locus in PFFs. Next, we used the EGFP reporter PFFs to address two key conditions in the process of achieving transgenic pigs, the limiting dilution method and the strategy to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the knock-in locus. This study demonstrates that we establish an efficient procedures for the exogenous gene knock-in technique and creates a platform to efficiently generate promoter-less and selectable marker-free transgenic PFFs through the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This study should contribute to the generation of promoter-less and selectable marker-free transgenic pigs and it may provide insights into sophisticated site-specific genome engineering techniques for additional species.
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Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Sustitución del Gen , Marcación de Gen , Sitios Genéticos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Línea Celular , Electroporación , Expresión Génica , Marcación de Gen/métodos , Genes Reporteros , Humanos , Porcinos , TransgenesRESUMEN
Precise genome editing in livestock is of great value for the fundamental investigation of disease modeling. However, genetically modified pigs carrying subtle point mutations were still seldom reported despite the rapid development of programmable endonucleases. Here, we attempt to investigate single-stranded oligonucleotides (ssODN) mediated knockin by introducing two orthologous pathogenic mutations, p.E693G for Alzheimer's disease and p.G2019S for Parkinson's disease, into porcine APP and LRRK2 loci, respectively. Desirable homology-directed repair (HDR) efficiency was achieved in porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) by optimizing the dosage and length of ssODN templates. Interestingly, incomplete HDR alleles harboring partial point mutations were observed in single-cell colonies, which indicate the complex mechanism of ssODN-mediated HDR. The effect of mutation-to-cut distance on incorporation rate was further analyzed by deep sequencing. We demonstrated that a mutation-to-cut distance of 11 bp resulted in a remarkable difference in HDR efficiency between two point mutations. Finally, we successfully obtained one cloned piglet harboring the orthologous p.C313Y mutation at the MSTN locus via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Our proof-of-concept study demonstrated efficient ssODN-mediated incorporation of pathogenic point mutations in porcine somatic cells, thus facilitating further development of disease modeling and genetic breeding in pigs.
RESUMEN
Genetically modified pigs are increasingly used for biomedical and agricultural applications. The efficient CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system holds great promise for the generation of gene-targeting pigs without selection marker genes. In this study, we aimed to disrupt the porcine myostatin (MSTN) gene, which functions as a negative regulator of muscle growth. The transfection efficiency of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) was improved to facilitate the targeting of Cas9/gRNA. We also demonstrated that Cas9/gRNA can induce non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), long fragment deletions/inversions and homology-directed repair (HDR) at the MSTN locus of PFFs. Single-cell MSTN knockout colonies were used to generate cloned pigs via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which resulted in 8 marker-gene-free cloned pigs with biallelic mutations. Some of the piglets showed obvious intermuscular grooves and enlarged tongues, which are characteristic of the double muscling (DM) phenotype. The protein level of MSTN was decreased in the mutant cloned pigs compared with the wild-type controls, and the mRNA levels of MSTN and related signaling pathway factors were also analyzed. Finally, we carefully assessed off-target mutations in the cloned pigs. The gene editing platform used in this study can efficiently generate genetically modified pigs with biological safety.