A meta-analysis on predictors of turnover intention of hospital nurses in South Korea (2000-2020).

AIMS: To identify the predictors of Registered Nurses' turnover intention and analyse the effect sizes. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of previous research, conducted to comprehensively identify the predictors of turnover intention. METHODS: In total, 417 studies from 1 January 2000 to 30 April 2020 that investigated predictors of turnover intention of South Korean nurses were reviewed. The data were analysed using the R statistical package. Network graphs were used to analyse the relationships among turnover predictors, and meta-analysis was performed to determine the effect sizes of the correlations. RESULTS: This review analysed common predictors identified in previous studies. Burnout (0.541), emotional exhaustion (0.511), job stress (0.390) and career plateau (0.386) showed positive effect sizes, while organizational commitment (-0.540), person-organizational fit (-0.521), career commitment (-0.508), work engagement (-0.503), job satisfaction (-0.491) and job embeddedness (-0.483) showed negative effect sizes.

[Validity and Reliability of the Clinical Teaching Behavior Inventory (CTBI) for Nurse Preceptors in Korea].

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Clinical Teaching Behavior Inventory (CTBI). METHODS: The English CTBI-23 was translated into Korean with forward and backward translation. Survey data were collected from 280 nurses' preceptors at five acute-care hospitals in Korea. Content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Cronbach's α was used to assess reliability. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 22.0 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The CTBI Korean version consists of 22 items in six domains, including being committed to teaching, building a learning atmosphere, using appropriate teaching strategies, guiding inter-professional communication, providing feedback and evaluation, and showing concern and support. One of the items in the CTBI was excluded with a standardized factor loading of less than .05. The confirmatory factor analysis supported good fit and reliable scores for the Korean version of the CTBI model. A six-factor structure was validated (χ²=366.30, p<.001, CMIN/df=2.0, RMSEA=.06, RMR=.03, SRMR=.05, GFI=.90, IFI=.94, TLI=.92, CFI=.94). The criterion validity of the core competency evaluation tool for preceptors was .77 (p<.001). The Cronbach's α for the overall scale was .93, and the six subscales ranged from .72 to .85. CONCLUSION: The Korean version CTBI-22 is a valid and reliable instrument for identifying the clinical teaching behaviors of preceptors in Korea. The CTBI-22 also could be used as a guide for the effective teaching behavior of preceptors, which can help new nurses adapt to the practicalities of nursing.

Prevotella intermedia lipopolysaccharide stimulates release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in monocyte-derived macrophages.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide from Prevotella intermedia, a major cause of inflammatory periodontal disease, on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in differentiated THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line. The potential involvement of the three main mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in the induction of TNF-alpha production was also investigated. Lipopolysaccharide from P. intermedia ATCC 25611 was prepared by the standard hot phenol-water method. THP-1 cells were incubated in the medium supplemented with phorbol myristate acetate to induce differentiation into macrophage-like cells. It was found that P. intermedia lipopolysaccharide can induce TNF-alpha mRNA expression and stimulate the release of TNF-alpha in differentiated THP-1 cells without additional stimuli. Treatment of the cells with P. intermedia lipopolysaccharide resulted in a simultaneous activation of three MAPKs [extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) and p38]. Pretreatment of the cells with MAPK inhibitors effectively suppressed P. intermedia lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production without affecting the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA. These data thus provided good evidence that the MAPK signaling pathways are required for the regulation of P. intermedia lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha synthesis at the level of translation more than at the transcriptional level.