Deconstructing adverse reactions to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid: the importance of time of onset.

BACKGROUND: Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AX-CL) is the most consumed betalactam antibiotic worldwide. We aimed to establish the different phenotypes of betalactam allergy in those referring a reaction with AX-CL and to investigate the differences between immediate and non-immediate onset. METHODS: Cross-sectional retrospective study performed at Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC) and Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga (HRUM) in Spain. Patients reporting reactions with AX-CL who completed the allergy workup between 2017 and 2019 were included. Data of reported reaction and allergy workup were collected. Reactions were classified as immediate and non-immediate with 1hour cut-off point. RESULTS: We included 372 patients (HCSC 208, HRUM 164). There were 90 (24.2%) immediate, 252 (67.7%) non-immediate reactions, and 30 (8.1%) with unknown latency. Allergy to betalactams was ruled-out in 266 (71.5%) and confirmed in 106 patients (28.5%). The final main diagnosis in the overall population were allergy to aminopenicillins (7.3%), to CL (7%), to penicillin (6.5%) and to betalactams (5.9%). Allergy was confirmed in 77.2% and 14.3% of immediate and non-immediate reactions respectively, with a relative risk of 5.06 (95%CI 3.64-7.02) of an allergy diagnosis in those reporting immediate reactions. Only 2/54 patients with late-positive intradermal test (IDT) to CL were diagnosed of CL allergy. CONCLUSION: Allergy diagnosis was confirmed in a minority of the whole study population, but 5 times more frequently in those reporting immediate reactions, making this classification useful in risk stratification. Late-positive IDT for CL has no diagnostic value and its late reading could be retrieved from the diagnosis work-up.

Nasal Ketorolac Challenge Using Acoustic Rhinometry in Patients With Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Safer and less time-consuming alternatives to single-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge (SBPCOC) have been sought for the diagnosis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Nasal challenges with various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and assessment methods have been developed. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the utility and safety of nasal ketorolac challenge (NKC) using acoustic rhinometry in patients with suspected AERD. METHODS: The study population comprised 36 patients with suspected AERD. NKC was performed with placebo (saline) and 13 mg of ketorolac sprayed as aerosol into both nostrils. A positive challenge result was defined as an increase of ≥30% in nasal symptoms (recorded using a visual analog scale) and a 30% drop in the sum of the volumes of both nasal cavities at 2-8 cm. Patients with a negative NKC result underwent SBPCOC with aspirin (cumulative dose of 750 mg). RESULTS: A naso-ocular reaction during NKC was detected in 21 patients. Four patients also developed mild asthma exacerbations (although only 1 experienced a decrease in FEV1 >15%). No other significant adverse events occurred. The remaining 15 patients with a negative NKC result had a negative response during aspirin SBPCOC. CONCLUSIONS: NKC assessed using acoustic rhinometry is a reliable method for the study of patients with AERD. We suggest that NKC assessed with acoustic rhinometry was useful and safe for selection of candidates for safe oral aspirin challenge.

Approach for delabeling beta-lactam allergy in children.

A considerable number of pediatric patients treated with beta-lactam (BL) antibiotics develop delayed onset of skin rashes during the course of treatment. Although the most frequent cause of these symptoms is infectious, many cases are labeled as allergic reactions to these drugs. BL allergy labels could have a negative impact, as they imply avoidance of this group of drugs and the use of second-line antibiotics, leading to a potential increase in adverse effects and the utilization of less effective therapies. This constitutes a major public health concern and economic burden, as the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can result in multidrug-resistant organisms and prolonged hospital stays. Therefore, it is crucial to delabel patients during childhood to avoid false labeling in adult life. Although the label of BL allergy is among the most frequent causes of allergy referral, its management remains controversial, and new diagnostic perspectives are changing the paradigm of managing BL allergies in children. Traditionally, drug provocation testing (DPT) was exclusively performed in patients who had previously obtained negative results from skin tests (STs). However, the sensitivity of STs is low, and the role of in vitro testing in the pediatric population is not well defined. Recent studies have demonstrated the safety of direct DPT without prior ST or serum tests for pediatric patients who report a low-risk reaction to BLs, which is cost-effective. However, there is still a debate on the optimal allergic workup to be performed in children with a benign immediate reaction and the management of children with severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. In this review, we will discuss the impact of the label of BL allergy and the role of the different tools currently available to efficiently address BL allergy delabeling in children.

Corrigendum: Approach for delabeling beta-lactam allergy in children.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1298335.].

Recall urticaria: aspirin also induces it

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Nasal ketorolac challenge using acoustic thinometry in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease

Background: Safer and less time-consuming alternatives to single-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge (SBPCOC) have been sought for the diagnosis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Nasal challenges with various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and assessment methods have been developed. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the utility and safety of nasal ketorolac challenge (NKC) using acoustic rhinometry in patients with suspected AERD. Methods: The study population comprised 36 patients with suspected AERD. NKC was performed with placebo (saline) and 13 mg of ketorolac sprayed as aerosol into both nostrils. A positive challenge result was defined as an increase of ≥30% in nasal symptoms (recorded using a visual analog scale) and a 30% drop in the sum of the volumes of both nasal cavities at 2-8 cm. Patients with a negative NKC result underwent SBPCOC with aspirin (cumulative dose of 750 mg). Results: A naso-ocular reaction during NKC was detected in 21 patients. Four patients also developed mild asthma exacerbations (although only 1 experienced a decrease in FEV1 >15%). No other significant adverse events occurred. The remaining 15 patients with a negative NKC result had a negative response during aspirin SBPCOC. Conclusion: NKC assessed using acoustic rhinometry is a reliable method for the study of patients with AERD. We suggest that NKC assessed with acoustic rhinometry was useful and safe for selection of candidates for safe oral aspirin challenge (AU)

Introducción: El test de exposición simple ciego controlado con placebo (TEC) con aspirina es el patrón-oro para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad respiratoria exacerbada por aspirina (EREA), aunque presenta un riesgo elevado de reacciones durante su realización. Por este motivo, se han desarrollado diferentes procedimientos de provocación nasal con aspirina, lisina y ketorolaco. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad y la seguridad del test inhalatorio nasal con ketorolaco (TNK) usando un rinómetro acústico en pacientes con sospecha de EREA. Métodos: Se incluyeron 36 pacientes con sospecha de EREA. El TNK se realizó con placebo (solución salina) y 13 mg de ketorolaco instilado como aerosol en ambas fosas nasales. Un test de exposición positivo se definió como un aumento del 30% o más de los síntomas nasales registrados mediante una escala analógica visual y un descenso mayor del 30% en la suma de ambos volúmenes de las cavidades nasales entre 2 a 8 cm del vestíbulo nasal. Si el TNK era negativo, los pacientes se sometían a un TEC con 750 mg de aspirina (en dosis acumulativas). Resultados: Veintiún pacientes presentaron una reacción nasoocular durante el TNK. Cuatro de ellos presentaron síntomas de asma bronquial (aunque solo uno mostró un descenso del FEV1> 15%), pero no se produjeron otros acontecimientos adversos significativos. Los 15 pacientes restantes que tuvieron un TNK negativo, tuvieron una respuesta negativa durante el TEC con aspirina. Conclusión: El TNK evaluado mediante rinómetro acústico es un método fiable para el estudio de pacientes con sospecha de EREA (AU)

Accelerated-type reactions to high parenteral doses of metamizole in patients who tolerated therapeutic doses of oral metamizole and other NSAIDs

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Proyecto de reestructuración de la infraestructura de riego y drenaje de la zona de los Río Jeinemeni y Los Antiguos, provincia de Santa Cruz

La colonia mixta Los Antiguos, beneficiaria directa de este estudio, se encuentra ubicada en la margen sur del lago Buenos Aires, en el delta que forman los Ríos Jeinemeni y Los Antiguos; en ambos ríos su margen derecha forma el límite internacional oeste con la República de Chile. La reestructuración propuesta en la infraestructura de riego y drenaje permitirá el aprovechamiento de los recursos agrícolas de la zona, susceptible por su microclima de una producción variada, y el asentamiento de una mayor población que demandará a crear las bases fundamentales para lograr el desarrollo integral de la zona

Proyecto de reestructuración de la infraestructura de riego y drenaje de la zona de los Río Jeinemeni y Los Antiguos, provincia de Santa Cruz

La colonia mixta Los Antiguos, beneficiaria directa de este estudio, se encuentra ubicada en la margen sur del lago Buenos Aires, en el delta que forman los Ríos Jeinemeni y Los Antiguos; en ambos ríos su margen derecha forma el límite internacional oeste con la República de Chile. La reestructuración propuesta en la infraestructura de riego y drenaje permitirá el aprovechamiento de los recursos agrícolas de la zona, susceptible por su microclima de una producción variada, y el asentamiento de una mayor población que demandará a crear las bases fundamentales para lograr el desarrollo integral de la zona