Are Serum Ferritin Levels a Reliable Cancer Biomarker? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Although serum ferritin (SF) has been shown in several studies to be a potential cancer biomarker, the results are inconsistent. Herein, a systematic review was performed to investigate the clinical SF levels in different types of tumors in order to verify the role of SF levels as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis. The search was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Observational studies comparing SF levels between healthy adults and patients with cancer were included. The meta-analysis was carried out according to the inverse variance and random effects model. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) were assessed at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that SF was higher in patients with cancer (SMD 3.07; CI 1.96,4.17), especially for head and neck cancer (SMD 3.88; CI 0.42,7.34), lung cancer (SMD 1.72; CI 0.67,2.78), pancreatic cancer (SMD 6.79; CI 5.66,7.91), and renal cell carcinoma (SMD 1.77; CI 0.48,3.05). Moreover, in the advanced stages (Stages III and IV), ferritin levels were higher than in healthy adults (SMD 4.89; CI 2.72,7.06, and SMD 8.40; CI 6.99,9.82, respectively). SF acts as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer, renal cell carcinoma, lung cancer, and head and neck cancer and is a sensitive biomarker for the detection of advanced stages of tumors.

Epidemiology of Maxillofacial Trauma in a Prehospital Service in Brazil.

Understanding facial trauma behaviors in different populations can help enhance effective prevention and efficient management of public resources in order to offer better treatment in large health systems. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma treated by a public health emergency care service. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess maxillofacial trauma in patients treated by a public health service of emergency care at a midsize city in southern Brazil. Facial trauma records were retrieved directly from medical records from January 2010 to April 2014. The following variables were collected: patient age, sex, destination of patient after initial treatment, cause of trauma, and type of injury. Statistical analyses were performed using G tests with Williams' corrections (p < .05). The most frequent cause was road traffic collision (39.6%), followed by falls (33.6%) and interpersonal violence (22.0%). The prevalence of falls was higher in older adults. A statistically significant association was observed between age and causes (p < .05). After the initial care provided by the prehospital service, 44.1% of the patients were referred to secondary care centers and 40.1% to hospitals. Traffic accidents were the most common cause of facial trauma in Brazil, with a higher prevalence in young men. Falls were also a big concern for facial injuries, especially among older adults. Although most lesions could be classified as minor trauma, many patients are being treated at hospitals, which may increase the costs to the public health system.

Relación entre la calidad de los cuidados primarios y la caries dental en preescolares / Relationship between primary health care quality and dental caries in preschoolers

Introducción: La atención primaria de salud aporta la resolución de la mayoría de los problemas de salud de la población, proporciona el acceso primario al servicio, la continuidad e integralidad de la atención y la coordinación de los cuidados. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre la calidad de los cuidados primarios y la caries dental en preescolares. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de 515 preescolares. La selección de las escuelas tuvo lugar a partir de un muestreo aleatorio estratificado, seguido por muestreo aleatorio simple para la selección de los participantes. Se realizó un examen bucal para evaluar caries dental y se aplicó a los padres/responsables un cuestionario de calidad de los servicios primarios utilizados por los niños. Se emplearon chi cuadrado, Wilcoxon y el coeficiente de Spearman (95 por ciento de confianza) para el cálculo de los datos. Resultados: La calidad de la atención primaria tuvo relación con el índice ceod de preescolares (p = -0,19; p < 0,05). Se observó diferencias significativas entre la prevalencia de caries dental cuando comparados servicios de calidad (ceod = 0,50) con el grupo baja calidad (ceod = 1,13). También, la calidad fue asociada con la modalidad del servicio (p < 0,001), obteniéndose en los servicios privado y la estrategia de salud de la familia puntajes mayores (55,31 por ciento y 69,48 por ciento de calidad, respectivamente). Conclusiones: La calidad de la atención primaria está estrechamente relacionada con salud bucal, de esta forma, cuando la calidad de los servicios de atención primaria no es buena, repercute en un mayor índice de caries dental en los preescolares.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Primary health care solves most of the health problems of the population, provides primary access to the service, ensures the continuity and comprehensiveness of health care, and coordinates its different forms. Objective: Evaluate the relationship between primary health care quality and dental caries in preschoolers. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted of a sample of 515 preschoolers. Participant schools were selected by stratified random sampling, followed by simple random sampling for the selection of participant children. Oral examination was performed to evaluate dental caries, and parents / guardians were given a questionnaire about the quality of the primary services attended by their children. Data were estimated with the chi-squared test, the Wilcoxon test and Spearman's coefficient (95 percent confidence). Results: A relationship was found between primary health care quality and the ceod index of preschoolers (p = -0.19; p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of dental caries when quality services (ceod = 0.50) were compared with the low quality group (ceod = 1.13). Quality was also associated to the service mode (p < 0.001). Private services and the family health strategy obtained higher quality scores (55.31 percent and 69.48 percent, respectively). Conclusions: Primary health care quality is closely related to oral health, in such a way that when the quality of primary health care services is not good, a higher dental caries rate is observed among preschoolers(AU)

Burnout en estudiantes de odontología: evaluación a través mbi - versión estudiantes / urnout in brazilian dental students: assessment mbi - estudent survey

La odontología se ha configurado como una profesión estresante en todas las fases de la carrera. El objetivo de este trabajo fue averiguar la presencia y nivel del síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes, comparando al inicio y fin de la graduación y verificar la correlación entre las sub-escalas y el conjunto de variables socio-demográficas. Fue realizado un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal con una muestra de 174 estudiantes de diferentes períodos del curso, utilizándose dos instrumentos, uno con preguntas socio-demográficas y el MBI-SS. De los 174 estudiantes participantes del estudio, 112 (64.37%) eran del sexo femenino y 62 (35.63%) del sexo masculino. No hubo diferencia significativa entre las dimensiones de Burnout y el género (p>0.05). Hubo correlación entre agotamiento emocional (p<0.01), incredulidad (p<0.05), eficacia profesional (p<0,01) y el año en que el alumno está matriculado en el curso, siendo que graduandos en el período pre-clínico presentaron media más elevada en los dos primeros ítems de la escala y media inferior en el tercero ítem en relación a aquellos que actúan en la clínica. El nivel de agotamiento emocional se mostró significativo. La correlación entre los tres niveles de burnout y el período pre-clínico es un hecho que debe ser observado (AU)

The Dentistry is considerably stressful profession in all career phases. The aim of this study was verify the presence and level of Burnout syndrome in students, to compare it in the beginning and in the end of graduation course and verify the correlation among subscales and group of social and demographic variables. Was performed study an exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional that with the sample by 174 students coursing different periods. It was used two instrument one with social and demographic questions and MBI-SS. Among 174 students participants of study, 112 (64.37%) were girls and 62 (35.63%) were boys. There was no significant difference between dimensions of Burnout and the gender (p<0.05), professional efficacy (p<0.01) and the period whose the students were coursing. The undergraduates that are in preclinical period showed average ehigher in the two first item of scale average lower in the third item in relation to those that exercise clinically the dentistry. The level of emotional exhausting had significance. There was correlation among three levels of Burnout and the preclinical period is a fact that should be observed (AU)