Double C-N bond cleavages of N-alkyl 4-oxopiperidinium salts: access to unsymmetrical tertiary sulfonamides.

In this paper, regiospecific, double intraannular C-N bond cleavages of N-alkyl 4-oxopiperidinium salts are presented. The reaction sequence involves a charge-transfer complex, in situ formed between sulfonyl chloride and N-methylmorpholine, which induces S-Cl bond homolysis of sulfonyl chloride, yielding a reactive sulfonyl radical that further induces the double C-N bond cleavages of N-alkyl 4-oxopiperidinium salt. The secondary amine thus produced was trapped by sulfonyl chloride to yield the desired sulfonamide product. The key feature of this protocol is that two intraannular C-N bonds of the 4-oxopiperidine ring are cleaved in one step under metal- and oxidant-free conditions.

The clinical efficacy of combined ESA and Roxadustat treatment for renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: A case series.

RATIONALE: Pharmacological mechanism of Roxadustat in the treatment of renal anemia. PATIENT CONCERNS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined Roxadustat and erythropoiesis stimulator (ESA) treatment of renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. DIAGNOSES: A retrospective analysis was conducted on hemodialysis patients with renal anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism treated with ESAs alone, who were admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to December 2022. INTERVENTIONS: The patients were treated with Roxadustat combined with ESAs for 3 months, during which oral iron supplementation was given, and the changes in Hb levels and laboratory-related indicators before and after the combined treatment were analyzed. OUTCOMES: The results showed that a total of 13 patients received combination therapy, with a significant increase in Hb compared to ESAs alone (t = -3.955, P = .002). The Hb qualification rate was 38.46%, and the ∆Hb response rate was 76.92%. The parathyroid hormone significantly decreased with a statistically significant difference (Z = -2.062b, P = .039). Hemoglobin (RBC), total iron binding capacity, and serum ferritin (male) were significantly increased compared to ESAs alone. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were significantly lower than ESAs alone. The differences in the changes in the above indicators were statistically significant (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in changes in other laboratory-related indicators (P > .05). No adverse reactions were observed during the combined treatment of 13 patients. LESSONS SUBSECTIONS: The combination of Roxadustat and ESAs can effectively improve renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, as well as improve indicators of hyperparathyroidism and blood lipid levels with high levels of safety. This combined treatment thus provides a new and safe treatment method for these patients.

Phenanthroline-imine ligands for iron-catalyzed alkene hydrosilylation.

Iron-catalyzed organic reactions have been attracting increasing research interest but still have serious limitations on activity, selectivity, functional group tolerance, and stability relative to those of precious metal catalysts. Progress in this area will require two key developments: new ligands that can impart new reactivity to iron catalysts and elucidation of the mechanisms of iron catalysis. Herein, we report the development of novel 2-imino-9-aryl-1,10-phenanthrolinyl iron complexes that catalyze both anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes and 1,2-anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of various conjugated dienes. Specifically, we achieved the first examples of highly 1,2-anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation reactions of aryl-substituted 1,3-dienes and 1,1-dialkyl 1,3-dienes with these newly developed iron catalysts. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reactions may involve an Fe(0)-Fe(ii) catalytic cycle and that the extremely crowded environment around the iron center hinders chelating coordination between the diene and the iron atom, thus driving migration of the hydride from the silane to the less-hindered, terminal end of the conjugated diene and ultimately leading to the observed 1,2-anti-Markovnikov selectivity. Our findings, which have expanded the types of iron catalysts available for hydrosilylation reactions and deepened our understanding of the mechanism of iron catalysis, may inspire the development of new iron catalysts and iron-catalyzed reactions.

Possible causes of atherosclerosis: lncRNA COLCA1 induces oxidative stress in human coronary artery endothelial cells and impairs wound healing.

Background: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease, accompanied by high mortality and poor prognosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidized form oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) play an important role in atherosclerosis. This article will explore the role of the lncRNA COLCA1 (colorectal cancer associated 1)/hsa-miR-371a-5p/SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) pathway in oxLDL in causing human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) inflammation and related biological function changes. Methods: OxLDL was used to stimulate HCAECs. The inflammatory response and biological function changes of HCAECs were analyzed, total RNA-seq was performed on HCAECs before and after stimulation, and RT-Qpcr (real-time quantitative PCR) was used to verify the differential genes. Interference of the expression of COLCA1 in HCAECs was performed by siRNA interference technology to verify the role of COLCA1 in the biological function changes of HCAECs after oxLDL stimulation, and further prove that COLCA1 affects SPP1 through hsa-miR-371a-5p. Results: OxLDL can affect the oxidative stress response of HCAECs, which in turn affects the apoptosis and wound healing ability of HCAECs. COLCA1 and SPP1 were highly expressed after oxLDL stimulation, while hsa-miR-371a-5p was the opposite. After COLCA1 interference, the oxidative stress level of HCAECs stimulated by oxLDL decreased, the apoptosis level also significantly decreased, and the wound healing ability was enhanced. After simultaneous COLCA1 interference and recovery of the expression of hsa-miR-371a-5p, these improved functions disappeared. The dual-luciferase assay confirmed that hsa-miR-371a-5p and COLCA1, hsa-miR-371a-5p and SPP1 has binding targets. Conclusions: OxLDL can up-regulate the expression of COLCA1 in HCAECs, which in turn affects the intracellular COLCA1/hsa-miR-371a-5p/SPP1 pathway to regulate the level of oxidative stress in cells. This in turn affects the level of apoptosis and wound healing ability, which causes cells to produce a continuous inflammatory response.

Sulfonylation of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: Charge-Transfer Complex Triggered C-N Bond Cleavage.

A novel charge-transfer complex triggered sulfonylation of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) with mild reaction conditions has been developed. The formation of a charge-transfer complex between electron-withdrawing (hetero)aryl sulfonyl chloride and DABCO allows the synthesis of N-ethylated piperazine sulfonamide in good yields. The reaction has a high functional group tolerance. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the charge-transfer complex formation between sulfonyl chlorides and DABCO, which facilitates the C-N bond cleavage of DABCO.

Hemicelluloses/montmorillonite hybrid films with improved mechanical and barrier properties.

A facile and environmentally friendly method was introduced to incorporate montmorillonite (MMT) as an inorganic phase into quaternized hemicelluloses (QH) for forming hemicellulose-based films. Two fillers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitin nanowhiskers (NCH), were added into the hemicelluloses/MMT hybrid matrices to prepare hybrid films, respectively. The hybrid films were nanocomposites with nacre-like structure and multifunctional characteristics including higher strength and good oxygen barrier properties via the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. The addition of PVA and NCH could induce changes in surface topography, and effectively enhance mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, and oxygen barrier properties. The tensile strengths of the composite films FPVA(0.3), FPVA(0.5), and FNCH(0.8) were 53.7, 46.3, and 50.1 MPa, respectively, which were 171%, 134%, and 153% larger than the FQH-MMT film (19.8 MPa). The tensile strength, and oxygen transmission rate of QH-MMT-PVA film were better than those of quaternized hemicelluloses/MMT films. Thus, the proper filler is very important for the strength of the hybrid film. These results provide insights into the understanding of the structural relationships of hemicellulose-based composite films in coating and packaging application for the future.

Review criteria for action following automated complete blood count and differential count analysis / 中华检验医学杂志

As there is widely application in clinical diagnosis and treatment with complete blood count(CBC)and differential count(DC),the experts of clinical hematology laboratory in the word have paid highly attention to the review of CBC and DC.In this paper,we would like to have an introduction for the suggested criteria for action following automated CBC and WBC differential analysis obtained from The International Consensus Group for Hematology Review and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

Studies on molecular epidemiology of Y chromosome azoospermia factor microdeletions in Chinese patients with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine microdeletion loci and the characteristic of Y chromosome azoospermia factor(AZF) associated with Chinese idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia and hence to provide a theoretic basis for gene diagnosis of AZF microdeletion in Chinese infertility men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects of this study included 134 cases of azoospermia and 118 severe oligozoospermia, and 210 healthy male controls. With multiplex PCR technique, an analysis of 15 sequence tag sites(STS) in AZFa, AZFb and AZFc microdeletion was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No microdeletion was detected in controls whereas 13 STS loci microdeletions existed in cases, including sY84 and sY86 in AZFa; sY121, sY123, sY124, sY127, sY134 and sy133 in AZFb; sY152, sY242, sY254, sY255 and sY157 in AZFc. Five azoospermia patients were involved in AZFa microdeletions, 7 azoospermia and 3 severe oligozoospermia patients in AZFb, and 14 azoospermia and 18 severe oligozoospermia patients in AZFc. The prevalence rates of microdeletion in AZFa, AZFb and AZFc were 2.0%,4.0% and 12.7% respectively. The microdeletion rate showed statistically significant difference between the cases and controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study revealed an association between the microdeletion of 13 STS loci of AZF region and the idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia in Chinese. There is no evidence to identify the genetic polymorphism of the above STS loci. The frequency and distribution characteristic of AZF microdeletion are similar to those of Caucasians. As candidate loci the 13 STS are useful in clinical gene diagnosis for the detection of AZF microdeletion in Chinese idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.</p>