Patients with Asian-type DEL can safely be transfused with RhD-positive blood.

Red blood cells (RBCs) of Asian-type DEL phenotype express few RhD proteins and are typed as serologic RhD-negative (D-) phenotype in routine testing. RhD-positive (D+) RBC transfusion for patients with Asian-type DEL has been proposed but has not been generally adopted because of a lack of direct evidence regarding its safety and the underlying mechanism. We performed a single-arm multicenter clinical trial to document the outcome of D+ RBC transfusion in patients with Asian-type DEL; none of the recipients (0/42; 95% confidence interval, 0-8.40) developed alloanti-D after a median follow-up of 226 days. We conducted a large retrospective study to detect alloanti-D immunization in 4045 serologic D- pregnant women throughout China; alloanti-D was found only in individuals with true D- (2.63%, 79/3009), but not in those with Asian-type DEL (0/1032). We further retrospectively examined 127 serologic D- pregnant women who had developed alloanti-D and found none with Asian-type DEL (0/127). Finally, we analyzed RHD transcripts from Asian-type DEL erythroblasts and examined antigen epitopes expressed by various RHD transcripts in vitro, finding a low abundance of full-length RHD transcripts (0.18% of the total) expressing RhD antigens carrying the entire repertoire of epitopes, which could explain the immune tolerance against D+ RBCs. Our results provide multiple lines of evidence that individuals with Asian-type DEL cannot produce alloanti-D when exposed to D+ RBCs after transfusion or pregnancy. Therefore, we recommend considering D+ RBC transfusion and discontinuing anti-D prophylaxis in patients with Asian-type DEL, including pregnant women. This clinical trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03727230.

Chloride intercellular channel 3 suppression-mediated macrophage polarization: a potential indicator of poor prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) are characterized by immune paralysis and susceptibility to infections. Macrophages are important mediators of immune responses can be subclassified into two main phenotypes: classically activated and alternatively activated. However, few studies have investigated changes to macrophage polarization in HBV-related liver diseases. Therefore, we investigated the functional status of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from patients with mild chronic hepatitis B (n = 226), HBV-related compensated cirrhosis (n = 36), HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis (n = 40), HBV-ACLF (n = 62) and healthy controls (n = 10), as well as Kupffer cells (KCs) from patients with HBV-ACLF (n = 3). We found that during the progression of HBV-related liver diseases, the percentage of CD163+ CD206+ macrophages increased, while the percentage of CD80+ human leukocyte antigen-DR+ macrophages decreased significantly. MDMs and KCs mainly exhibited high CD163+ CD206+ expression in patients with HBV-ACLF, which predicted poor clinical outcome and higher liver transplantation rate. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that chloride intracellular channel-3 (CLIC3) was reduced in patients with HBV-ACLF, indicating a poor prognosis. To further study the effect of CLIC3 on macrophage polarization, human monocytic THP-1 cell-derived macrophages were used. We found that classical and alternative macrophage activation occurred through nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathways, respectively. CLIC3 suppression inhibited NF-κB activation and promoted the alternative activation. In conclusion, macrophage polarization gradually changed from classically activated to alternatively activated as HBV-related liver diseases progressed. Both CLIC3 suppression and increased alternatively activated macrophage percentage were potential indicators of the poor prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF.

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia caused by anti-HPA antibodies in pregnant Chinese women: a study protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort trial.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), caused by maternal antibodies raised against alloantigens carried on foetal platelets, is a very common haematological abnormality in newborns worldwide. However, baseline data on NAIT in China are lacking. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the incidence of alloantibody against the human platelet antigen (HPA) in pregnant women and its associations with NAIT in China. METHODS: A multicentre, prospective cohort study design will be used, and 55,497 pregnant women will be recruited for the first screening of the anti-HPA antibody at 12 to 28 weeks of gestational age. Subjects who are positive in the first screening for the anti-HPA antibody will be included in the exposure group. Re-tests of the antibody titre, antigen-specificity and genotyping of HPA and HLA will be conducted during admission. A ratio of 1:1 paired individuals with the same ethnicity and parity but testing negative for the anti-HPA antibody will be randomly selected to be included in the non-exposure group. NAIT will be diagnosed in the newborns on day one of the birth. The HPA of the neonates in the exposure group will also be genotyped by sequencing. Associations of maternal HLA with the occurrence of the anti-HPA antibody and correlation of the severity of NAIT with the titre of the anti-HPA antibody will be further analysed. DISCUSSION: The study is expected to provide baseline data on NAIT in China. Besides, we hope to find out a population who expresses particular HLA molecules has significant higher risk of HPA alloimmunization in Chinese individuals. We also hope to find a Chinese-specific cut-off antibody titre for the prediction of the severity of NAIT and to provide a means to evaluate the necessity of antenatal treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02934906 (date registered: 13.10.2016).

Alcohol-soluble interfacial fluorenes for inverted polymer solar cells: sequence induced spatial conformation dipole moment.

Three fluorene-based alcohol-soluble organic small molecule electrolytes (SMEs) with different conjugated backbones, namely, TFTN-Br, FTFN-Br and FTTFN-Br, were designed as cathode interfacial layers for inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs). The insertion of SMEs to the ITO/active layer interfaces effectively lowered the energy barrier for electron transport and improved the inherent compatibility between the hydrophilic ITO and hydrophobic active layers. Due to these advantages, the device based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):(6,6)-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) with TFTN-Br as the cathode interfacial layer achieved an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.8%, which is a 26% improvement when compared to the standard device comprising ZnO cathode interfacial layers (PCE = 3.0%). Devices with FTFN-Br and FTTFN-Br also showed an improved PCE of 3.1% and 3.5%, respectively. The variation in device performance enhancement was found to be primarily correlated with the different conformation of their assembly onto the electrode caused by the joint sequence of the polar group of the SMEs, consequently impacting the dipole moment and interface morphology. In addition, introducing SMEs as the cathode interfacial layer also produced devices with long-term stability.

Knockdown of myeloid differentiation protein-2 reduces acute lung injury following orthotopic autologous liver transplantation in a rat model.

BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious complication that commonly occurs during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) are the main membrane receptors that respond to inflammatory stimuli and mediate NF-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway. We previously showed that TLR2/4 expression on monocytes and serum cytokine levels were increased in patients with ALI induced by OLT. Myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) expresses the functional domains that combines TLRs and play a key regulatory role in TLRs activation. Therefore, we hypothesized that blocking MD-2 would inhibit the TLR2/4-mediated inflammatory response and lessen ALI induced by liver transplantation. METHOD: Thirty-two Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups. One group received a sham operation (Group S), and the other three groups underwent orthotopic autologous liver transplantation (OALT) 48 h after intratracheal administration of saline (Model group; Group M), non-targeting siRNA (negative siRNA control group; Group NC) or siRNA against MD-2 (intervention group; Group RNAi). Lung pathology, lung water content, PaO2, and expression levels of MD-2, TLR2/4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 were assessed 8 h after OALT. RESULTS: In Groups M and NC, OALT produced marked lung pathology with decreased PaO2 levels and increased MD-2, TLR2/4 gene and protein expression levels. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB P65 subunit, was increased, as were lung concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6. The pathology of ALI and the severity of the above biochemical changes induced by OALT were significantly reduced in the group treated with MD-2 siRNA. CONCLUSION: MD-2 gene knock-down attenuated the increase in TLR2/4 activation and reduced ALI after OALT.

Research Progress and Application of Polyimide-Based Nanocomposites.

Polyimide (PI) is one of the most dominant engineering plastics with excellent thermal, mechanical, chemical stability and dielectric performance. Further improving the versatility of PIs is of great significance, broadening their application prospects. Thus, integrating functional nanofillers can finely tune the individual characteristic to a certain extent as required by the function. Integrating the two complementary benefits, PI-based composites strongly expand applications, such as aerospace, microelectronic devices, separation membranes, catalysis, and sensors. Here, from the perspective of system science, the recent studies of PI-based composites for molecular design, manufacturing process, combination methods, and the relevant applications are reviewed, more relevantly on the mechanism underlying the phenomena. Additionally, a systematic summary of the current challenges and further directions for PI nanocomposites is presented. Hence, the review will pave the way for future studies.

The effects of large-volume leukapheresis on hemoglobin, platelet and coagulation in patients with hyperleukocytic leukemia.

INTRODUCTION: This study retrospectively analyzed a total of 86 leukapheresis treatments in 55 patients with hyperleukocytic leukemia (HLL). METHODS: In the leukapheresis treatments, the monitoring collection (MNC) program in COBE spectra continuous flow centrifuge (CFC) for blood component separator was used. RESULTS: In this study, the white blood cell (WBC) suspension volume collected in leukapheresis treatment were 870.72±208.40 mL, and significantly larger than that reported in previous study. Compared with before leukapheresis, there were no difference in patient with HLL on the peripheral blood platelet (PLT) count and hemoglobin (HGB) levels. The index plasma fibrinogen (FIB) concentration was slightly reduced by leukapheresis, however, it did not affect a lot the maintenance of normal hemostatic function in patients with HLL. DISCUSSION: Our data provided evidences that large-volume leukapheresis had no obvious effects on HGB level and coagulation functions in patient with HLL. So large-volume leukapheresis by CFC could be widely used in clinic.

Efficacy of the combination therapy of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid on improving knee pain and dysfunction in patients with moderate-to-severe KOA: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: 54% of patients with moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA) still reported persistent pain and functional loss after conservative treatment according to guidelines. As an emerging treatment, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been proven to significantly relieve pain and improve activity function in patients with mild-to-moderate KOA, either used alone or in combination with hyaluronic acid (HA). However, it is still unclear of its efficacy in moderate-to-severe KOA. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PRP and the combination therapy of PRP and HA in patients with moderate-to-severe KOA and to explore the potential synergistic effect of PRP and HA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This triple-blind randomised controlled trial will involve a total of 162 participants with moderate-to-severe KOA from two study centres. Participants will be allocated randomly into three groups: the HA group, the PRP group and the combination (PRP+HA) group and, respectively, receive HA (2.5 mL)+saline (3 mL)/PRP (3 mL)+saline (2.5 mL)/PRP (3 mL)+HA (2.5 mL) intra-articular injection each week for 4 consecutive weeks. All of the injections will be performed under the guidance of ultrasound. The primary outcome is the change of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index from baseline to 6 months, and secondary outcomes include the change of ultrasound images (suprapatellar bursa effusion and synovitis), Timed Up and Go test and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey. All outcomes will be evaluated at baseline and 1-month, 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. Data will be analysed on intention-to-treat principles and a per-protocol basis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (reference number (2021)-02-231-02). The study results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2100050974.

The influence of occupational values on college students' willingness to apply for civil servants: The mediating role of political efficacy.

At present, civil servant positions have become the main employment target of many college students in China, and there is a deep motivation behind this phenomenon. This research conducted an empirical study on college students in 2022 with 566 valid data by using the convenience sampling method. The occupational values scale, political efficacy scale, and the willingness to apply for civil servants scale were used. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and common method deviation were performed by SPSS 26.0 to test the reliability of each scale and the discriminant validity of variables. In addition, the structural equation model and bias-corrected bootstrap were used to explore the influence of occupational values on college students' willingness to apply for civil servants and analyze the mediating role of political efficacy. The results show that: (1) The dimensions of career stability, prestige value, and public service motivation of occupational values have significant positive impacts on college students' willingness to apply for civil servants, among which public service motivation has the most significant impact. (2) Occupational values have significant positive impacts on college students' political efficacy. (3) Political efficacy has a significant positive impact on the college students' willingness to apply for civil servants. (4) Political efficacy plays a partial mediating role in the transmission path of occupational values and willingness to apply for civil servants. These findings further clarify the logical relationship between occupational values and civil servants' willingness, providing a theoretical basis and practical reference for college educators to implement college students' career education.

Design and Experimental Investigation of a Rotational Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with an Offset Distance from the Rotation Center.

Rotational energy harvesting technology has attracted more and more attention recently. This paper presents a piezoelectric rotational energy harvester that can be mounted with an offset distance from the rotation center. The piezoelectric energy harvester is designed to be dynamically excited by the force due to gravity, which causes the piezoelectric cantilever beams in the harvester to vibrate periodically as the harvester rotates. A novel design of the harvester structure with a hollow mass is proposed and analyzed in this paper. Experiments were performed to investigate the design and analysis. A power output of 106~2308 µW can be achieved at the rotating frequencies of 0.79~14 Hz with a piezoelectric cantilever beam in the prototyped energy harvester. Results showed that the prototyped harvester can be mounted on a rotating wheel hub and output sufficient power in a wide frequency range for wireless monitoring sensors.

Synthesis of a Novel Rigid Semi-Alicyclic Dianhydride and Its Copolymerized Transparent Polyimide Films' Properties.

A new series of colorless polyimides (CPIs) with outstanding thermal properties and mechanical properties were fabricated by the copolymerization of a novel dianhydride and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) with 2,2'-bistrifluoromethyl benzidine (TFDB). The novel dianhydride, 10-oxo-9-phenyl-9-(trifluoromethyl)-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2,3,6,7-tetraacid dianhydride (3FPODA), possessed a rigid semi-alicyclic structure, -CF3 and phenyl side groups, and an active carbonyl group. Benefitting from the special structure of 3FPODA, the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the new CPIs improved from 330 °C to 377 °C, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) decreased from 46 ppm/K to 24 ppm/K, and the tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), and elongation at break (EB) increased from 84 MPa to 136 MPa, 3.2 GPa to 4.4 GPa, and 2.94% to 4.13% with the increasing amount of 3FPODA, respectively. Moreover, the active carbonyl group of the 3FPODA could enhance the CPI's adhesive properties. These results render the new dianhydride 3FPODA an ideal candidate monomer for the fabrication of high-performance CPIs.

Advanced Dual-Function Hollow Copper-Sulfide-Based Polyimide Composite Window Film Combining Near-Infrared Thermal Shielding and Organic Pollutants' Photodegradation.

Window-film-integrated, near-infrared (NIR) absorption-based nanomaterials are of great interest in terms of numerous demands to reduce energy consumption, especially in buildings and vehicles. However, the question of how to effectively manage thermal energy generated from NIR harvesting in light-absorbing materials, rather than being wasted or causing negative effects, remains challenging. Herein, hollow copper sulfide (Cu2-xS) on colorless polyimide (PI) films, enabling them to be well-dispersed and robustly adhered, underwent in situ growth fabrication and were utilized as NIR-thermal-shielding and organic-pollutant-removal dual-function window films. Due to strong NIR absorbance, arising from the heavy hole-doping (copper cation deficiency), the Cu2-xS/PI composite film exhibited great promise for use in the filtration of the NIR spectrum. By monitoring Cu2-xS densities, its NIR-shielding efficiency reached 69.4%, with hundred-percent UV blocking and consistent performance within the reliability (85 °C/85%RH) tests over one week as well as 5000 bending cycles. The integration of the films into model cars and building windows exhibited excellent thermal-shielding performance upon exposure to direct sunlight. Moreover, benefiting from the distinctive distribution of Cu2-xS, the additional thermal energy (holes) generated in NIR absorption was successfully utilized. The densely surface-confined hollow structure of Cu2-xS on PI significantly endowed good formaldehyde catalytic capacity, with removal efficiency reaching approximately 72% within 60 min and a negligible decline after quartic reuse. These integration methodologies enable the promising fabrication of a high-performance, bifunctional window film combining thermal shielding and indoor organic pollutant removal.

Rescue immunoadsorption treatment for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attacks unresponsive to intravenous methylprednisolone.

We aimed to evaluate the value of immunoadsorption (IA) treatment after the failure of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Sixty-one NMOSD attacks unresponsive to IVMP were included: 22 patients received rescue IA (IVMP+IA), 24 underwent rescue plasma exchange (PE) (IVMP+PE), and 21 received no further rescue therapy (IVMP alone). The improvement frequencies were higher in the IVMP+IA and IVMP+PE groups than in the IVMP-alone group (P = 0.024). The effective period for IA treatment may be longer than previously thought. IA treatment for IVMP-resistant NMOSD attacks was effective and comparable to PE treatment.

Large-Scale Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensors with High Stability and Signal Homogeneity.

Flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors have attracted great attention as a portable and low-cost device for chemical and bio-detection. However, flexible SERS sensors tend to suffer low signal spatial homogeneity due to the uneven distribution of active plasmonic nanostructures (hot spots) and quick degradation of their sensitivity due to low adhesion of hot spots and flexible substrates during fast sampling. Herein, a large-area (20 × 20 cm2) polyimide (PI)-based SERS sensor is exploited for trace detection with high signal homogeneity and stability. The SERS sensor is constructed from PI through in situ growth of silver and gold core-shell nanoparticles (Ag@Au NPs) based on chemical reduction and galvanic replacement processes. Benefiting from the abundant carboxyl groups on the surface-cleaved PI, densely and uniformly distributed Ag@Au NPs are successfully prepared on the film under ambient conditions. The high Raman enhancement factor (EF) (up to 1.07 × 107) and detection capability with low nanomolar (10-9 M) detection limits are obtained for this flexible SERS sensor. The uniform Raman signals in the random region show good signal homogeneity with a low variation of 8.7%. Moreover, the flexible SERS sensor exhibited superior efficiency and durability after storage for 30 days even after 500 cycles of mechanical stimuli (bending or torsion). The residue of pesticide thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide, TMTD) has been rapidly traced by direct sampling from the apple surface, and a sensitivity of 10 ng/cm2 for TMTD was achieved. These findings show that the PI-based SERS sensor is a very strong candidate for broad and simple utilization of flexible SERS for both laboratory and commercial applications in chemical and biomolecule detections.

In Situ Synthesis of Ultrastable CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Coated with Polyimide in a CSTR System.

The poor stability of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is one of the major obstacles for their application in optoelectronic devices. Herein, we develop an easy in situ strategy for preparing polyimide (PI)-coated single-particle CsPbBr3 NCs in a continuous stirred-tank reactor system. Benefiting from the protection of the thick polyimide layer, these PI-coated CsPbBr3 NCs show excellent stability against severe environments such as water, heat, oxygen, and light. Meanwhile, time-resolved photoluminescence and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that the polyimide (PI) polymer contributes to passivating the surface defects of the CsPbBr3 NCs, giving CsPbBr3/PI NCs a higher photoluminescence quantum yield. Thanks to the performances of high luminescent efficiency and stability, these green-emitting perovskite CsPbBr3/PI NCs show promising potentials in the fields of solid-state lighting and display.

Magnesium in Combinatorial With Valproic Acid Suppressed the Proliferation and Migration of Human Bladder Cancer Cells.

Magnesium, the second most predominant intracellular cation, plays a crucial role in many physiological functions; magnesium-based biomaterials have been widely used in clinical application. In a variety of cancer types, the high intracellular concentration of magnesium contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Therefore, we initiated this study to investigate the likelihood of confounding magnesium with cancer therapy. In this study, the anti-tumor activity of magnesium and underlying mechanisms were assessed in bladder cancer both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that the proliferation of bladder cancer cells was inhibited by treatment with a high concentration of MgCl2 or MgSO4. The apoptosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and ER stress were promoted following treatment with MgCl2. However, the migratory ability of MgCl2 treated cells was similar to that of control cells, as revealed by the trans-well assay. Besides, no significant difference was observed in the proportion of CD44 or CD133 positive cells between the control and MgCl2 treated cells. Thus, to improve the therapeutic effect of magnesium, VPA was used to treat cancer cells in combination with MgCl2. As expected, combination treatment with MgCl2 and VPA could markedly reduce proliferation, migration, and in vivo tumorigenicity of UC3 cells. Moreover, the Wnt signaling was down-regulated, and ERK signaling was activated in the cells treated with combination treatment. In conclusion, the accurate utilization of MgCl2 in targeting autophagy might be beneficial in cancer therapy. Although further studies are warranted, the combination treatment of MgCl2 with VPA is an effective strategy to improve the outcome of chemotherapy.

[Serological Characteristics of Patients with Autoimmune Hemoly-tic Anemia and Efficacy and Safety of Incompatible Transfusion of Red Blood Cells].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the serological characteristics of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia（AIHA） and analyze its clinical efficacy and safety of incompatible red blood cell transfusion. METHODS: Sixty AIHA patients admitted in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2018 were selected. The blood type serological characteristics of 60 patients were analyzed retrospectively. According to the type of autoantibody and the composition of different red blood cells, the efficacy and safety of erythrocyte infusions were evaluated respectively. RESULTS: The screen results of irregular antibody in 60 AIHA patients were positive, and the direct anti-human globulin test also was positive, including 8 cases of cold autoantibodies (13.33%), 49 cases of IgG warm autoantibodies (81.67%), and 3 cases of warm cold double autoantibodies (5%). The irregular anti-body identification test confirmed the existence of homoantiboby in 17 cases (28.33%). Out of 60 cases 34 received incompatible red blood cell (RBC) infusion for 108 time including ABO homotype non washing RBC (81 tirnes) and O type washing RBC (27 times). The infusion results showed that the total [JP2]effective rate was 57.41(62/108), total partial effective rate was 14.81% (16/108) and total ineffective rate was 27.78% (30/108).The infusion of ABO homotype non-washing RBC for 81 time showed that the effective rate was 58.02%[JP] (47/81) , partial effective rate was 12.35 (10/81) and ineffective rate was 29.67% (24/81); the infusion of O type washing RBC for 27 times showed that the effective rate was 55.56% (15/27), partial effective rate was 22.22% (6/27) and ineffective rate was 22.22% (6/27), there was no significant difference in effective rate between 2 kinds of infusion (P>0.05). The comparison of different antibody type infusion showed that in the infusion of IgM cold autoantiboay for 12 times, the effective rate was 41.67% (5/12), partial effective rate was 33.33% (4/12) and ineffective rate was 25% (3/12); in the infusion of IgG warm antoantibody for 93 times. The effective rate was 58.06% (54/93),partial effective rate was 12.90% (12/93) and ineffective rale was 29.04% (27/93), there was also no significant difference in effective rate between 2 kinds of infusion(P>0.05). However, in infusion of cold/warm double autoantibody for 3 times, the effective rate was 100% (3/3), moreover, the hemotytic reaction of infusion was not observed during the treatment . CONCLUSION: The infusion of ABO homotype non-washing RBC and O type washing RBC both possess the high safely and efficacy for treatment of patients with AIHA, but the use of ABO homotype non-washing RBC can effectively avoid the excessive use of O type washing RBC.

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0002124 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation through the MAPK pathway.

BACKGROUND: Hsa_circ_0002124, which was first reported in 2013, is derived from NuSAP1. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its regulatory mechanisms remain to be investigated. METHODS: First, hsa_circ_0002124 was structurally validated via specific convergent and divergent primer amplification. The hsa_circ_0002124 expression in the liver cancer tissues and multiple HCC cell lines were determined using qPCR. Further, the cell functions of hsa_circ_0002124 in HCC cells were examined using knockdown and overexpressed hsa_circ_0002124 in 97H cells. The cell proliferation was assessed using MTS assay, cell proliferation and invasion capacities were evaluated using Transwell culture system, and cell cycle progression and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. Further, GO and KEGG analyses were performed to uncover the key function and pathways in HCC. The interaction networks between hsa_circ_0002124 and its downstream miRNAs and genes were constructed using Cytoscape software. The key protein expressions (p-JNK, JNK, p-ERK, ERK, p-P38, P38, and c-Myc) of the MAPK pathway in 97H cells with knockdown and overexpressed hsa_circ_0002124 treatments were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0002124 was highly expressed in the HCC cells and liver cancer tissues. Moreover, the knockdown hsa_circ_0002124 in 97H cells resulted in the repression of cell proliferation, cell invasion, and migration, with simultaneous promotion of cell apoptosis and cell cycle transformation. The opposing situations of cell function could be detected in overexpressed hsa_circ_0002124 in 97H cells. KEGG and interaction network analysis of hsa_circ_0002124 indicated that hsa_circ_0002124 could be a molecular sponge of miRNAs, which regulates the key protein expressions in the MAPK pathway. The p-JNK/JNK, p-ERK/ERK, p-P38/P38, and c-Myc expressions in knockdown hsa_circ_0002124-treated 97H cells were significantly lower than in normal 97H cells, whereas these expressions in overexpressed hsa_circ_0002124-treated 97H cells were significantly higher than in mock vector-treated 97H cells. CONCLUSIONS: Hsa_circ_0002124 could be a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

Lithium-Ion-Based Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as an Interface Material for Efficient and Stable Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells.

An eco-friendly n-type water/alcohol-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte PFEO SO3 Li was synthesized and applied as a cathode interfacial layer in organic solar cells. The π-delocalized polyfluorene backbone has an intimate connection with the hydrophobic active layer, and the side chain with lithium ion may move toward the ZnO layer through the self-assembly property of conjugated polyelectrolytes. UV photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that modification with PFEO SO3 Li dramatically lowers the work function of indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO and may form strong interfacial dipoles between ZnO and the active layer. Meanwhile, introduction of lithium ions as spectator cations may contribute to reduction of the intrinsic surface defects of ZnO. The green emission in the photoluminescence spectrum of ZnO disappeared after modification with PFEO SO3 Li. In addition, the roughness of ZnO barely changed after coating with PFEO SO3 Li, and the surface became more hydrophobic, which demonstrates that the thin conjugated polyelectrolyte layer exhibits good adhesion with both ZnO and the active layer. These phenomena indicate that the introduction of PFEO SO3 Li makes ITO/ZnO an efficient cathode. As a result, inverted organic solar cell devices with ZnO/PFEO SO3 Li double-interlayers exhibit high efficiencies of 11.7 and 10.6 % for PBDB-T:IT-M and PBDB-T:ITIC blend systems, respectively.

PRDX6 promotes proliferation and induces chemo-resistance via peroxidase activity in Toledo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells.

BACKGROUND: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Despite the application of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) regimen being effective on 70-80% of DLBCL patients, the remaining 20-30% develop an even more aggressive relapsed tumor. PRDX6 has been shown to play important roles in multiple cancers. However, there is no study about the role of PRDX6 in DLBCL. METHODS: The stable Toledo cell lines that overexpression or knockdown of PRDX6 gene were established. Western blot was used to determine the quantity of PRDX6 protein. Then, the function of PRDX6 in Toledo cell proliferation was determined using cell counting assay and Annexin V/PI analysis assays, and the underlying mechanism was determined through glutathione peroxidase activity and iPLA2 activity assay. RESULTS: In the current study, we showed that the expression of PRDX6 was critical for the proliferation of Toledo DLBCL cells. Additionally, knockdown of PRDX6 induced apoptosis in Toledo DLBCL cells. Importantly, overexpression of PRDX6 caused a doxorubicin resistance in Toledo DLBCL cells, while downregulation of PRDX6 significantly enhanced doxorubicin induced apoptosis. Interestingly, the glutathione peroxidase activity of PRDX6, but not the phospholipase A2 activity, was crucial for PRDX6 induced proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects. Together, our study explored the tumor promoting function of PRDX6 in DLBCL for the first time. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that PRDX6 could be a target for overcoming drug resistance. Targeting PRDX6 expression or peroxidase activity could be an effective strategy to overcome drug resistance in clinical DLBCL treatment.