Spatio-temporal dynamics and socio-ecological determinants of ecosystem service interplays in Shandong Province's coastal region (2000-2020): Implications for environmental protection and sustainable ecosystem management.

The sustainable management of multiple concurrent ecosystem services (ESs) requires a comprehensive understanding of the interconnections between various ESs. In this study, we develop spatial maps for six distinct ESs using a variety of models, and we quantify their trade-offs, synergies, and bundling patterns through spatial mapping and statistical methodologies. We further delve into the antagonistic and synergistic dynamics between different ESs within each Ecosystem Service Bundle (ESB), and employ GeoDetector to pinpoint the key drivers of each ES. Our findings reveal that: (1) The spatial distributions of ESs are heterogeneous, with most ESs exhibiting a downward trend except for GP and SC, which are on the rise. CS shows positive correlations with all other five ES indicators. HQ exhibits positive correlations with SC and RS, whereas negative correlations are observed between HQ-GP and WC-RS. Six ES pairs demonstrate a decline in synergistic relationships, but an increase in trade-off relationships. (2) We distinguish six types of ESBs, each differing in their combination and extent of ES provision. The trade-offs and synergies within these distinct ESBs display both commonalities and differences. In certain ESBs, supply services display synergistic relationships with other ESs. We leverage ES bundles as the foundation for studying spatial planning zoning, revealing a diversity in the interactions between different ES pairs and the driving factors of ES. Therefore, we establish the theoretical basis for formulating spatial planning on the interrelationships and drivers of ES under spatial and temporal changes. We anticipate that our findings will offer valuable scientific insight for the development of future ecological conservation and spatial planning strategies in the region.

Revisiting the surgical table: An analysis of surgical dose-response in Asian exotropia.

BACKGROUND: Previous research on the factors associated with surgical dose-response in strabismus surgery for exotropia has yielded inconsistent results. This study determined the factors influencing surgical dose-response in exotropia patients who underwent recession and resection (R&R). METHODS: Exotropia patients who underwent unilateral R&R at the National Taiwan University Hospital between 2006 and 2021 were evaluated. Deviation-angle differences in prism diopters (PD) were measured preoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively. Surgical dose-response (PD/mm) was defined as the difference in deviation angle (in PD) divided by the surgical dose in millimeters. Linear and non-linear regression models were used to evaluate the influence of variables including age, sex, axial length, and preoperative deviation on surgical dose-response. RESULTS: Overall, 295 patients (162 children; 133 adults) were included. Average surgical dose-response in the pediatric and adult groups was 2.82 ± 0.60 PD/mm and 3.02 ± 0.62 PD/mm, respectively. Male sex was negatively correlated with surgical dose-response in children. The surgical dose-response was larger in adults with longer axial length (>25.64 mm) and patients with larger preoperative deviation (>42.6 PD and >38.7 PD in pediatric and adult groups, respectively). Surgical dose-responses peaked at 35.1 years. CONCLUSION: Age, axial length, and preoperative deviation have a nonlinear effect on surgical dose-responses in exotropia patients undergoing R&R. Surgical dose-responses were larger in patients in young adulthood, with longer axial length and larger preoperative deviation angle. A table with fitted values for surgical dose-response based on age, axial length, and preoperative deviation was established for clinical reference.

Influence of parental behavior on myopigenic behaviors and risk of myopia: analysis of nationwide survey data in children aged 3 to 18 years.

BACKGROUND: Preventive parental behavior may play an important role in the outcomes of children's myopia. We investigated associations between parental behavior and children's myopia status and daily activities using data from the most recent myopia survey in Taiwan. METHODS: In total, 3845 children aged 3 to 18 years who completely responded to the questionnaire were included (total score ranging from 0 to 75). A score of ≥ 50 was considered to indicate beneficial parental behavior. Time allocation data for near-work activities, using electronic devices, and outdoor activities were collected using a separate self-reported questionnaire. Associations between beneficial parental behavior and children's myopia status and activity patterns were analyzed and stratified by school level. RESULTS: Beneficial parental behavior was positively associated with children's myopia in the overall samples [adj. odds ratio (OR): 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.59, p = 0.006)] and at the elementary school level (adj. OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.11-1.83, p = 0.005). However, a negative association with high myopia was observed in the overall samples (adj. OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.50-0.99, p = 0.049) and high school level (adj. OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41-0.92, p = 0.02). Beneficial parental behavior was associated with less time spent on near work (≥ 180 min/day) and electronic device use (≥ 60 min/day), but not with outdoor activities. CONCLUSION: In Taiwan, children's myopia is associated with higher rate of parents' beneficial behaviors, which suggests that regular vision surveillance is necessary to promote better parental behavior toward children's eye care. Certain parental practices may influence children's behavior pattern and reduce the risk of children's high myopia development in the long run.

Evolution of the Prevalence of Myopia among Taiwanese Schoolchildren: A Review of Survey Data from 1983 through 2017.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the prevalence of myopia in Taiwanese schoolchildren over the past few decades and to analyze the risk factors for myopia. DESIGN: Analysis of 8 consecutive population-based myopia surveys conducted from 1983 through 2017. PARTICIPANTS: An average of 8917 (5019-11 656) schoolchildren 3 to 18 years of age were selected using stratified systematic cluster sampling or by probability proportional to size sampling. METHODS: All participants underwent complete ophthalmic evaluations. Three drops of 0.5% tropicamide were used to obtain the cycloplegic refractive status of each participant. Questionnaires were used to acquire participant data from the 1995, 2005, 2010, and 2016 surveys. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalence of ≤-0.25 diopter [D]) and high myopia (≤-6.0 D) was assessed. Multivariate analyses of risk factors were conducted. RESULTS: The prevalence of myopia among all age groups increased steadily. From 1983 through 2017, the weighted prevalence increased from 5.37% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.50%-7.23%) to 25.41% (95% CI, 21.27%-29.55%) for 7-year-olds (P = 0.001 for trend) and from 30.66% (95% CI, 26.89%-34.43%) to 76.67% (95% CI, 72.94%-80.40%) for 12-year-olds (P = 0.001 for trend). The prevalence of high myopia also increased from 1.39% (95% CI, 0.43%-2.35%) to 4.26% (95% CI, 3.35%-5.17%) for 12-year-olds (P = 0.008 for trend) and from 4.37% (95% CI, 2.91%-5.82%) to 15.36% (95% CI, 13.78%-16.94%) for 15-year-olds (P = 0.039 for trend). In both the 2005 and 2016 survey samples, children who spent less than 180 minutes daily on near-work activities showed significantly lower risks for myopia developing (<60 minutes: odds ratio [OR], 0.48 and 0.56; 60-180 minutes: OR, 0.69 and 0.67). In the 2016 survey, spending more than 60 minutes daily on electronic devices was associated significantly with both myopia and high myopia (OR, 2.43 and 2.31). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of myopia among schoolchildren increased rapidly from 1983 through 2017 in Taiwan. The major risk factors are older age and time spent on near-work activities. Use of electronic devices increased the amount of time spent on near-work and may increase the risk of developing myopia.

Refinement strategies in photoscreening for the detection of amblyopia risk factors in 12-to-24-month-old children.

PURPOSE: To establish an appropriate clinical protocol for early photoscreening in 12-to-24-month-old children at pediatric well-baby clinics. METHODS: This prospective study included a total of 277 children aged 12-24 months who visited a pediatric well-baby clinic. All participants underwent: 1) inquiry of medical history; 2) photoscreening with PlusoptiX A12; and 3) comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations. The optimal referral cut-off point for PlusoptiX was determined by receiver operating characteristic analyses. A high-risk subgroup was defined as having a birth weight <3000 g or a history of major systemic diseases, based on the results of multivariable risk factor analysis from children's medical history. A strategy of selective photoscreening focusing on the high-risk subgroup was evaluated. The main outcome measures included sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS: The prevalence of amblyopia risk factors in our study population was 12.3%. A total of 172 children (62.1%) were assigned to the high-risk subgroup. Compared with the nonselective photoscreening of all 277 children, selective photoscreening of the high-risk children yielded a higher positive predictive value (59.6% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.001) while showing no difference in sensitivity (82.3% vs. 85.3%, p = 0.32), specificity (92.2% vs, 86.4%, p = 0.05), and negative predictive value (97.4% vs. 97.6%, p = 0.50). CONCLUSION: At pediatric well-baby clinics, selective photoscreening among 12-to-24-month-old children with a birth weight <3000 g or a history of major systemic diseases helped reducing the number of children need to be screened and conserving medical resources yet identifying children at risk for timely eye care.

Spatial optimization of urban land and cropland based on land production capacity to balance cropland protection and ecological conservation.

Cropland protection strategies have provided a strong contribution to limit cropland transformation worldwide. However, it negatively affects ecological land (e.g., forest, grassland, and wetland). Identifying a win-win approach for cropland protection and ecological conservation is important. Land use optimization plays a vital role in solving conflicts among land uses. Thus, in this research, taking China (mainland) as the study area, we optimized the spatial distribution of urban land and cropland to balance the requirement of cropland protection strategies and their negative effects on ecological land according to the spatial heterogeneity of land agricultural production capacity by using the LAND System Cellular Automata model for Potential Effects (LANDSCAPE). Specifically, we developed three optimization scenarios from compensational, occupancy, and occupancy and compensational sectors. We also developed one non-optimization scenario to remain comparable. Results show that compared with the non-optimization scenario, the reduced loss of ecological land in compensational, occupancy, and occupancy and compensational optimization scenario is 7180, 247, and 7277 km2, respectively. Our research indicates that we should prioritize the quality of compensated cropland when developing cropland protection strategies and planning, considering the low efficiency of the occupancy optimization and the cost of policymaking and implementing.

Monitoring Land Subsidence in Wuhan City (China) using the SBAS-InSAR Method with Radarsat-2 Imagery Data.

Wuhan city is the biggest city in central China and has suffered subsidence problems in recent years because of its rapid urban construction. However, longtime and wide range monitoring of land subsidence is lacking. The causes of subsidence also require further study, such as natural conditions and human activities. We use small baseline subset (SBAS) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) method and high-resolution RADARSAT-2 images acquired between 2015 and 2018 to derive subsidence. The SBAS-InSAR results are validated by 56 leveling benchmarks where two readings of elevation were recorded. Two natural factors (carbonate rock and soft soils) and three human factors (groundwater exploitation, subway excavation and urban construction) are investigated for their relationships with land subsidence. Results show that four major areas of subsidence are detected and the subsidence rate varies from -51.56 to 27.80 millimeters per year (mm/yr) with an average of -0.03 mm/yr. More than 83.81% of persistent scattered (PS) points obtain a standard deviation of less than -6 mm/yr, and the difference between SBAS-InSAR method and leveling data is less than 5 mm/yr. Thus, we conclude that SBAS-InSAR method with Radarsat-2 data is reliable for longtime monitoring of land subsidence covering a large area in Wuhan city. In addition, land subsidence is caused by a combination of natural conditions and human activities. Natural conditions provide a basis for subsidence and make subsidence possible. Human activities are driving factors and make subsidence happen. Moreover, subsidence information could be used in disaster prevention, urban planning, and hydrological modeling.

[Transferability of Hyperspectral Model for Estimating Soil Organic Matter Concerned with Soil Moisture].

Hyperspectral remote sensing, known as the state-of-the-art technology in the field of remote sensing, can be used to retrieve physical and chemical properties of surface objects based on the interactions between electromagnetic waves and the objects. Soil organic matter (SOM) is one of the most important parameters used in the assessment of soil fertility. Quick estimation of SOM with hyperspectral remote sensing technique can provide essential soil data to support the development of precision agriculture. The presence of external parameters, however, may affect the modeling precision, and further handicap the transfer ability of existing model. With the aim to study the effects of soil moisture on the Vis/NIR estimation of soil organic matter, and the capacity of direct standardization(DS)algorithm in the calibration transfer, 95 soil samples collected in the Jianghan plain were rewetted and air-dried. Reflectance of these samples at 13 moisture levels was measured. Results show that the model calibrated using air-dried samples has the highest prediction accuracy. This model, however, was not suitable for SOM prediction of the rewetted samples. Prediction bias and RPD improved from -8.34-3.32 g x kg(-1) and 0.64-2.04 to 0 and 7.01, when DS algorithm was applied to the spectra of the rewetted samples. DS algorithm has been proven to be effective in removing the effects of soil moisture on the Vis/NIR estimation of SOM, ensuring a transferrable model for SOM prediction with soil samples at different moisture levels.

Molecular dynamics simulations of polyamide membrane, calcium alginate gel, and their interactions in aqueous solution.

We perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the cross-linked polyamide (PA) membrane, the aggregation of alginate molecules in the presence of Ca(2+) ions, and their molecular binding mechanism in aqueous solution. We use a steered molecular dynamics (SMD) approach to simulate the unbinding process between a PA membrane and an alginate gel complex. Simulation results show that Ca(2+) ions are strongly associated with the carboxylate groups in alginate molecules, forming a web structure. The adhesion force between alginate gel and PA surface during unbinding originates from several important molecular interactions. These include the short-range hydrogen bonding and van der Waals attraction forces, and the ionic bridge binding that extends much longer pulling distances due to the significant chain deformations of alginate gel and PA membrane.

Late-Onset Abducens Nerve Palsy after Endovascular Treatment for Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: Two Case Reports.

Endovascular treatment, including transarterial embolisation and transvenous embolisation, is generally considered effective for treating carotid-cavernous fistula. Immediate cranial nerve palsy following the procedure is the most common complication, but it usually resolves spontaneously. The authors report two cases of late-onset abducens nerve palsy after successful obliteration of direct carotid-cavernous fistulas, both of which required strabismus surgery.

The impact of light properties on ocular growth and myopia development.

The objective of this article is to comprehensively review the effect of environmental lighting on ocular growth and refractive status in both animal and clinical studies, with an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms. This review was performed by searching research articles and reviews utilizing the terms "myopia," "light therapy," "axial length," "refractive error," and "emmetropization" in PubMed datasets. The review was finalized in December 2023. In the animal studies, high lighting brightness, illumination periods aligning with circadian rhythm, and color contrast signals including multiple wavelengths all help regulate ocular growth against myopia. Long wavelengths have been found to induce myopia in chicks, mice, fish, and guinea pigs, whereas shorter wavelengths lead to hyperopia. In contrast, red light has been observed to have a protective effect against myopia in tree shrews and rhesus monkeys. Apart from wavelength, flicker status also showed inconsistent effects on ocular growth, which could be attributed to differences in ocular refractive status, evolutionary disparities in retinal cone cells across species, and the selection of myopia induction models in experiments. In the clinical studies, current evidence suggests a control effect with red light therapy. Although the lighting conditions diverge from those in animal experiments, further reports are needed to assess the long-term effects. In conclusion, this review encompasses research related to the impact of light exposure on myopia and further explores the retinoscleral signaling pathway in refractive development. The aim is to establish a theoretical foundation for optimizing environmental factors in lighting design to address the epidemic of childhood myopia.

Efficacy of Multifocal Soft Contact Lenses in Reducing Myopia Progression Among Taiwanese Schoolchildren: A Randomized Paired-Eye Clinical Trial.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of myopia control using a multifocal soft contact lens designed with high peripheral add power in schoolchildren. METHODS: This 1-year multi-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study enrolled myopic schoolchildren aged 6-15 years with refractive errors between - 1.0 D and - 10.0 D. Each participant was randomly allocated to wear a daily disposable multifocal soft contact lens as the treatment in one eye and a single-vision soft contact lens as the control in the other eye. The primary endpoints were changes in the cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length at 1 year. RESULTS: Fifty-two of the 59 participants (88.1%) completed the study protocol. The mean change in SE was - 0.73 ± 0.40 D in the treatment group. and - 0.85 ± 0.51 D in the control group (mean difference: - 0.12 ± 0.34 D, p = 0.012). The mean change in axial length was 0.25 ± 0.14 mm in the treatment group, and 0.33 ± 0.17 mm in the control group (mean difference: 0.08 ± 0.10 mm, p < 0.001). The treatment was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with multifocal soft contact lenses with high peripheral add power was effective in controlling the progression of myopia and axial length elongation in myopic schoolchildren.

Relationship between genotype, phenotype, and refractive status in patients of inherited retinal degeneration.

BACKGROUND: To elucidate the relationship between inherited retinal disease, visual acuity and refractive error development in Asian patients. SUBJECTS: Five hundred phakic eyes with refractive data were analysed in this retrospective cohort. Diseases were categorized by clinical phenotypes, and the prevalent genotypes identified in the Taiwan Inherited Retinal Degeneration Project were analysed. Consecutive surveys in Taiwan have provided the rates of myopia in the general population. RESULTS: No differences were observed among the disease phenotypes with respect to myopia (P = 0.098) and high myopia rates (P = 0.037). The comparison of refractive error between retinitis pigmentosa and diseases mainly affecting the central retina showed no difference, and the refraction analyses in diseases of different onset ages yielded no significance. Moreover, there was no difference in the myopia rate between the diseases and general population. Among the genotypes, a higher spherical equivalent was seen in RPGR and PROM1-related patients and emmetropic trends were observed in patients with CRB1 and PRPF31 mutations. Furthermore, significantly poorer visual acuity was found in ABCA4, CRB1 and PROM1-related patients, and more preserved visual acuity was seen in patients with EYS, USH2A, and RDH12 mutations. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed in visual acuity, refractive state and myopia rate between patients with inherited retinal disease and the general population, and different subtypes of inherited retinal disease shared similar refractive state, except for higher cylindrical dioptres found in patients with Leber's congenital amaurosis. The heterogeneity of disease-causing genes in Asian patients may lead to variable refractive state.

Hydrated polyamide membrane and its interaction with alginate: a molecular dynamics study.

The properties of the hydrated amorphous polyamide (PA) membrane and its binding with alginate are investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. The density of the hydrated membrane, surface morphology, and water diffusion near and inside the membrane are compared to other studies. Particular focus is given to the steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation of the binding between the PA membrane and an alginate model. The PA surface composition is determined on the basis of experimental measurements of the oxygen/nitrogen (O/N) ratio. The surface model is built using a configurational-bias Monte Carlo technique. The consistent valence force field (CVFF) is used to describe the atomic interactions in the membrane-foulant system. Simulation results show that the carboxylate groups in both the PA surface and alginate exhibit strong binding with metal ions. This binding mechanism plays a major role in the PA-alginate fouling through the formation of an ionic binding bridge. Specifically, Ca(2+) ions have stronger binding with the carboxylate group than Na(+) ions, while the binding breakdown time is shorter for Ca(2+) than Na(+) because of the comparably higher hydration free energy of Ca(2+) ions with water molecules.

Pupil centroid shift and cyclotorsion in bilateral wavefront-guided laser refractive surgery and the correlation between both eyes.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Accuracy of ocular alignments is emphasized in laser refractive surgery. We evaluate pupil centroid shift and cyclotorsion and the correlation between both eyes in bilateral wavefront-guided laser refractive surgery. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to analyze pupil centroid shift and cyclotorsion using an iris registration system of Zyoptix 100 platform in 186 eyes of consecutive 93 patients at National Taiwan University Hospital. Pearson's correlation analysis was used. RESULTS: The mean pupil centroid shift was 0.179±0.096mm, and 42.2% of eyes had more than 0.2mm shift between wavefront measurement with dilated pupil and laser ablation with undilated pupil. When the pupil was pharmacologically dilated, pupil centers predominantly shifted to inferonasal direction (59% of eyes). The vertical shift was larger than the horizontal shift. The correlations between both eyes in horizontal and vertical shifts were statistically significant, indicating a symmetric mirror pattern. A good opposite correlation of pupil centroid shifts was observed between in wavefront measurement and in laser treatment. The mean amount of cyclotorsion between the seated and supine positions was 3.22±2.53° with a maximum of 13.51°. A total of 112 eyes (60.2%) had cyclotorsion > 2°, while 39 eyes (21.0%) had cyclotorsion > 5°. Moderate correlation was observed between cyclotorsion of both eyes and was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Inferonasal pupil centroid shift as the pupil pharmacologically dilated and a significant amount of cyclotorsion with good correlation between both eyes was observed in refractive surgery and could be compensated by iris registration.

Specific absorption and backscattering coefficients of the main water constituents in Poyang Lake, China.

Obtaining and analyzing the specific inherent optical properties (SIOPs) of water bodies is necessary for bio-optical model development and remote sensing-based water quality retrievals and, further, for related ecological studies of aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to measure and analyze the specific absorption and backscattering coefficients of the main water constituents in Poyang Lake, China. The specific absorption and/or backscattering coefficients of the main water constituents at 85 sampling sites (47 in 2010 and 38 in 2011) were measured and analyzed as follows: (1) the concentrations of chlorophyll a (C(CHL)), suspended particulate matter (C(SPM)) (including suspended particulate inorganic matter (C(SPIM)) and suspended particulate organic matter (C(SPOM))), and the absorption coefficients of total particulate (a(p)), phytoplankton (a(ph)), and non-pigment particulate (a(d)) were measured in the laboratory; (2) the total backscattering coefficients at six wavelengths of 420, 442, 470, 510, 590, and 700 nm, including the contribution of pure water, were measured in the field with a HydroScat-6 backscattering sensor, and the backscattering coefficients without the contribution of pure water (b(b)) were then derived by subtracting the backscattering coefficients of pure water from the total backscattering coefficients; (3) the specific absorption coefficients of total particulate (a*(p)), phytoplankton (a(ph)*), and non-pigment particulate (a*(d)) were calculated by dividing a(p), a(ph), and ad by C(SPM), C(CHL), and C(SPIM), respectively, while the specific backscattering coefficients of total suspended particulate matter (b*(b)) were calculated by dividing b(b) by CSPM; and (4) the a(ph)*, a*(d), a*(p) and b*(b) of the remaining samples (46 in 2010 and 36 in 2011) were visualized and analyzed, and their relations to CCHL, CSPIM or CSPM were studied, respectively. The main results are summarized as follows: (1) the a(ph)* values at 440 nm were 0.0367-0.7203 m(2) mg(-1) with a mean of 0.1623 ± 0.1426 m(2) mg(-1) in 2010 and 0.0319-0.7735 m(2) mg(-1) with a mean of 0.3145 ± 0.1961 m(2) mg(-1) in 2011; there existed significant, negative, and moderate correlations between a(ph)* and C(CHL) at 400-700 nm in 2010 and 2011 (p<0.05); (2) The a*(d) values at 440 nm were 0.0672-0.2043 m(2) g(-1) with a mean of 0.1022 ± 0.0326 m(2) g-1) in 2010 and 0.0559-0.1347 m(2) g(-1) with a mean of 0.0953 ± 0.0196 m(2) g(-1) in 2011; there existed negative correlations between a*(d) and C(SPIM), while the correlations showed overall decreasing and increasing trends before and after around 575 nm with increasing wavelengths, respectively; (3) The a*(p) values at 440 nm were 0.0690-0.1929 m(2) g(-1) with a mean of 0.1036 ± 0.0298 m(2) g(-1) in 2010 and 0.0571-0.1321 m(2) g(-1) with a mean of 0.1014 ± 0.0191 m(2) g(-1) in 2011, and the negative correlations between a*(p) and C(SPM) were found in both years; (4) The b*(b) at the six wavelengths generally decreased with increasing wavelengths, while the b*(b) values at 420 nm were lower than those at 442 nm for some samples; the correlation between b*(b) and C(SPM) increased with increasing wavelength. Such results can only represent the SIOPs during the sampling time periods, and more measurements and analyses considering different seasons need to be carried out in the future to comprehensively understand the SIOPs of Poyang Lake.

Integrating street view images and deep learning to explore the association between human perceptions of the built environment and cardiovascular disease in older adults.

Understanding how built environment attributes affect health remains important. While many studies have explored the objective characteristics of built environments that affect health outcomes, few have examined the role of human perceptions of built environments on physical health. Baidu Street View images and computer vision technological advances have helped researchers overcome the constraints of traditional methods of measuring human perceptions (e.g., these methods are laborious, time-consuming, and costly), allowing for large-scale measurements of human perceptions. This study estimated human perceptions of the built environment (e.g., beauty, boredom, depression, safety, vitality, and wealth) by adopting Baidu Street View images and deep learning algorithms. Negative binomial regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between human perceptions and cardiovascular disease in older adults (e.g., ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease). The results indicated that wealth perception is negatively related to the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, depression and vitality perceptions are positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, we found no relationship between beauty, boredom, safety perceptions, and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Our findings highlight the importance of human perceptions in the development of healthy city planning and facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between built environment characteristics and health outcomes in older adults. They also demonstrate that street view images have the potential to provide insights into this complicated issue, assisting in the formulation of refined interventions and health policies.

Printable biosensors towards next-generation point-of-care testing: paper substrate as an example.

Printable biosensors have gained numerous exciting advancements towards downstream applications in fundamental biomedical research, healthcare, food safety, environmental monitoring and governance, and to name a few. Particularly, paper-based printable biosensors have gained rising popularity in providing affordable platforms due to their merits, such as cost-effective, accurate, simple, and efficient detection of diseases for clinical diagnosis. In addition to advantages and opportunities in point-of-care detection, printable biosensors are also facing challenges. Herein, this review aims to provide a systematic summary of the development of printable biosensors, with a special focus on paper-based printable biosensors. Different types of substrates for printable biosensors are highlighted with a focus on paper substrates which have superior properties like low-cost, simple, flexible, lightweight, recyclable, etc. In addition, current printing technologies to fabricate paper-based sensors, including wax printing, photolithography, screen printing, inkjet printing, and laser printing summarize, are discussed, together with strategies for biomolecular fabrication on substrates and transducers. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and possible future perspectives, hoping to provide researchers and clinicians with informative insights into paper-based printable biosensors for smart and effective point-of-care detection.

Post COVID-19 pandemic recovery of intracity human mobility in Wuhan: Spatiotemporal characteristic and driving mechanism.

After successfully inhibiting the first wave of COVID-19 transmission through a city lockdown, Wuhan implemented a series of policies to gradually lift restrictions and restore daily activities. Existing studies mainly focus on the intercity recovery under a macroscopic view. How does the intracity mobility return to normal? Is the recovery process consistent among different subareas, and what factor affects the post-pandemic recovery? To answer these questions, we sorted out policies adopted during the Wuhan resumption, and collected the long-time mobility big data in 1105 traffic analysis zones (TAZs) to construct an observation matrix (A). We then used the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) method to approximate A as the product of two condensed matrices (WH). The column vectors of W matrix were visualized as five typical recovery curves to reveal the temporal change. The row vectors of H matrix were visualized to identify the spatial distribution of each recovery type, and were analyzed with variables of population, GDP, land use, and key facility to explain the recovery driving mechanisms. We found that the "staggered time" policies implemented in Wuhan effectively staggered the peak mobility of several recovery types ("staggered peak"). Besides, different TAZs had heterogeneous response intensities to these policies ("staggered area") which were closely related to land uses and key facilities. The creative policies taken by Wuhan highlight the wisdom of public health crisis management, and could provide an empirical reference for the adjustment of post-pandemic intervention measures in other cities.

Spatial scale analysis for the relationships between the built environment and cardiovascular disease based on multi-source data.

To examine what built environment characteristics improve the health outcomes of human beings is always a hot issue. While a growing literature has analyzed the link between the built environment and health, few studies have investigated this relationship across different spatial scales. In this study, eighteen variables were selected from multi-source data and reduced to eight built environment attributes using principal component analysis. These attributes included socioeconomic deprivation, urban density, street walkability, land-use diversity, blue-green space, transportation convenience, ageing, and street insecurity. Multiscale geographically weighted regression was then employed to clarify how these attributes relate to cardiovascular disease at different scales. The results indicated that: (1) multiscale geographically weighted regression showed a better fit of the association between the built environment and cardiovascular diseases than other models (e.g., ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression), and is thus an effective approach for multiscale analysis of the built environment and health associations; (2) built environment variables related to cardiovascular diseases can be divided into global variables with large scales (e.g., socioeconomic deprivation, street walkability, land-use diversity, blue-green space, transportation convenience, and ageing) and local variables with small scales (e.g., urban density and street insecurity); and (3) at specific spatial scales, global variables had trivial spatial variation across the area, while local variables showed significant gradients. These findings provide greater insight into the association between the built environment and lifestyle-related diseases in densely populated cities, emphasizing the significance of hierarchical and place-specific policy formation in health interventions.