The role and impact of viruses on cancer development.

This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection reactivating latent oncoviruses, which could increase the risk of further disease. The development of oncovirus vaccines holds great promise for reducing cancer burden. Many unanswered questions about the host and environmental cofactors that contribute to cancer development and prevention remain, which ongoing research is attempting to address.

Dermoscopy of haemosiderotic/aneurysmal dermatofibroma: A morphological study of 110 cases.

BACKGROUND: Haemosiderotic and aneurysmal dermatofibromas are uncommon and frequently misdiagnosed lesions, which can be considered as different histopathological stages of the same tumour. A dermoscopic diagnosis testing accuracy has not been performed for these tumours to date. OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic significance of dermoscopic structures and patterns associated with haemosiderotic/ aneurysmal dermatofibromas in a large series. METHODS: Dermoscopic images of histopathologically proven cases of 110 haemosiderotic/ aneurysmal dermatofibromas and 501 other tumours were collected. The frequency, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the dermoscopic structures and patterns associated with these lesions were calculated. RESULTS: Haemosiderotic/ aneurysmal dermatofibromas are mostly symmetric lesions (86.5%), and a prominent homogeneous area was present in 100% of them. The presence of vascular structures was very common (86.4%), and dotted vessels were predominant (58.2%). Shiny white structures were seen in 85.5% of lesions, while a peripheral delicate pigment network was present in 69.1%. The most significant pattern was the one composed of a prominent homogeneous area and peripheral delicate pigment network, which showed a specificity of 100% with a relatively good sensitivity (69.1%). All the patterns containing a peripheral delicate pigment network showed very good specificities, positive predictive values and negative predictive values. Those patterns without a peripheral delicate pigment network showed the highest sensitivities, but they showed a significant overlap with other tumours, mainly with melanoma. CONCLUSIONS: Dermoscopy is helpful in improving the diagnostic accuracy of haemosiderotic/ aneurysmal dermatofibromas. However, there is a considerable dermoscopic overlap between these tumours and melanoma, specifically when the peripheral delicate pigment network is absent.

The Usefulness of Dermoscopy for the Recognition of Malignant Collision Tumors.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative diagnosis of malignant collision tumors (MCT) is extremely difficult. The value of dermoscopy to improve the correct detection of these tumors has not been previously studied. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MCT with and without dermoscopy and to describe the dermoscopic features of a large series of MCT. METHODS: Dermoscopic images of 161 MCT were evaluated. Clinical and dermoscopic images of histopathologically proven MCT intermingled with other tumors were randomly presented to clinicians with different levels of experience, blinded to the diagnosis and objective of the study. The clinical and dermoscopic diagnostic accuracies were measured separately. RESULTS: A total of 161 histopathologically proven cases of MCT were collected. The most frequent MCT was basal cell carcinoma-seborrheic keratosis collision tumor (CT; 37.9%), followed by basal cell carcinoma-melanocytic nevus CT (19.9%), and melanoma-seborrheic keratosis CT (6.8%). Diagnostic accuracy among experts on dermoscopy was 71.4%. The study included 119 participants. The percentage of correct diagnoses was 8% by naked eye examination and 36.4% by dermoscopy (p < 0.001). The presence of the malignant component in the cases of MCT was not recognizable in 19.1% of cases by naked eye examination and in 11.8% of cases by dermoscopy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of MCT can be assisted and clarified by dermoscopy. However, many of these lesions manifest complex morphologies and continue to be challenging, even for experts on dermoscopy. Atypical, uncertain, or non-classifiable lesions still need a complete excision for the final diagnosis.

Dermoscopy of inflamed seborrheic keratosis: A great mimic of malignancy.

BACKGROUND: Clinical and dermoscopic recognition of seborrheic keratoses (SKs) is often straightforward, and biopsy might not be required. However, inflamed SKs (iSKs) can pose a diagnostic challenge. Dermoscopic features of iSKs have not yet been evaluated to date. OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic ability of a group of dermatologists to diagnose iSKs by dermoscopy. To evaluate the dermoscopic findings of a long series of inflamed seborrheic keratoses. METHODS: Clinical and dermoscopic images of 100 difficult-to-diagnose skin tumours, including 29 iSKs, were presented to 33 clinicians (24 dermatologists and 9 dermatology residents), who were blinded to the diagnosis. The dermoscopic features of a series of 219 iSKs were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: iSKs were correctly identified in a 37.6% of cases. Classic dermoscopic criteria were present in only 47% of iSKs. The most frequent dermoscopic feature in iSKs was the presence of vascularization (91.3%), but only a 44.5% showed predominance of hairpin vessels. A bluish hue was observed in 18.3% of lesions. Seven dermoscopic patterns were identified, based on the dermoscopic similarity to other tumours: seborrheic keratosis-like (28.8%); squamous cell carcinoma-like (25.6%); melanoma-like (17.8%); keratoacanthoma-like (6.8%); basal cell carcinoma-like (5.9%); verruca vulgaris-like (5.9%); nevus-like (2.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of iSKs can be challenging even with dermoscopy. They may behave as authentic mimics of other cutaneous tumours, including squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma. For this reason, histopathological examination should be mandatory in these cases.

Association between human cytomegalovirus and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been associated with periodontitis and apical periodontitis. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between HCMV and periodontitis, and apical periodontitis of endodontic origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines and registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). The search for potential studies was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO. A quality assessment of the studies, publication bias analysis, and meta-analysis was performed. The results are presented in odds ratio with 95% confidence interval with the corresponding Forest plot. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the consistency of the results. RESULTS: Thirty-two studies were included in the quantitative and qualitative analyses. Of these, 26 were in periodontitis patients and 6 in apical periodontitis patients. Forest plot of combined studies revealed significant increased odds for periodontitis when subgingival HCMV was detected (OR 5.31; 95% CI 3.15-8.97). Sensitivity analysis based on quality of the included studies, showed consistent results. In contrast, the odds ratio for apical periodontitis when HCMV was detected from apical lesions was not statistically significant (OR 3.65; 95% CI 0.49-27.10). CONCLUSIONS: The results from the meta-analysis indicate that HCMV is significantly associated with periodontitis. In contrast, HCMV infection is not associated with apical periodontitis.

Dermoscopy of arteriovenous tumour: A morphological study of 39 cases.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Arteriovenous tumour is a distinct, benign, acquired vascular lesion that can be misdiagnosed. METHODS: A dermoscopic examination of 39 cases of arteriovenous tumours collected from four Spanish hospitals was performed to evaluate specific dermoscopic criteria and patterns. RESULTS: The most common structures found were vascular, 95% of cases (37/39); 90% (35/39) were non-arborising telangiectasia. All the lesions except two (95%) had a homogeneous pigmentation background that was red in 30 cases (77%), bluish-red in three (8%), brown in two (5%) and blue or multicoloured in one case each. Lacunae were seen in only three cases (8%). Non-arborising telangiectasia on a reddish background was identified in 72% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Dermoscopy is helpful in improving the diagnosis of arteriovenous tumours and allows the observer to differentiate them from other cutaneous lesions such as other vascular tumours, basal cell carcinomas and melanomas.

Dermoscopy of lymphangioma circumscriptum: A morphological study of 45 cases.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The dermoscopy of lymphangioma circumscriptum, also known as superficial lymphatic malformation, remains to be clarified. METHODS: Digital dermoscopic images of 45 histopathologically confirmed cases of lymphangioma circumscriptum collected from nine hospitals in Spain, Italy and Turkey were evaluated for the presence of dermoscopic structures and patterns. RESULTS: Our study shows that the most common structure found in lymphangioma circumscriptum was the presence of lacunae (89% of cases). The latter were red or dark-coloured in 18 cases (45%), yellowish or whitish in 14 cases (35%) and multicoloured in eight cases (20%). The second most common dermoscopic structure was the presence of vascular structures, which were found in 82% of cases, followed by white lines (47%), the hypopyon sign or two-tone lacunae (42%) and scales (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Dermoscopy is useful in improving the diagnosis of lymphangioma circumscriptum with characteristic structures and patterns and could assist in elucidating the presence of blood in lymphatic channels.

Dermoscopy of Nodular Hidradenoma, a Great Masquerader: A Morphological Study of 28 Cases.

BACKGROUND: Nodular hidradenoma is an uncommon, benign, adnexal neoplasm of apocrine origin which is a clinical simulator of other tumours. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological findings of a large series of nodular hidradenomas under dermoscopic observation. METHODS: Dermoscopic examination of 28 cases of nodular hidradenomas was performed to evaluate specific dermoscopic criteria and patterns. RESULTS: The most frequently occurring dermoscopic features were: (1) in 96.4% of cases, a homogeneous area that covered the lesion partially or totally, the colour of which was pinkish in 46.4% of cases, bluish in 28.6%, red-blue in 14.3%, and brownish in 10.7%; (2) white structures were found in 89.3% of cases; (3) in 82.1% of cases, vascular structures were also observed, especially arborising telangiectasias (39.3%) and polymorphous atypical vessels (28.6%). CONCLUSION: Nodular hidradenomas represent a dermoscopic pitfall, being difficult to differentiate clinically and dermoscopically from basal cell carcinomas and melanomas.

Weak Evidence Hinders the Understanding of the Benefits of Periodontal Therapy on Glycemic Control in Patients With Diabetes and Periodontitis.

ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION: Treatment of periodontal disease for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus. Simpson TC, Weldon JC, Worthington HV, Needleman I, Wild SH, Moles DR, Stevenson B, Furness S, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;11:CD004714. SOURCE OF FUNDING: This project was supported by the NIHR, via Cochrane Infrastructure funding to the Cochrane Oral Health Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester (UK), Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (UK), and the National Institute for Health Research (UK) TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Association of Down syndrome with periodontal diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is distinguished by cognitive disability, a concave profile, and systemic complications. Oral diseases have been reported to be common in DS patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between DS and periodontal diseases. METHODS: Two independent reviewers searched six bibliographic databases up to January 2023 and used additional search methods to identify published studies on gingivitis or periodontitis in people with and without DS. Meta-analysis, risk of bias, sensibility analysis, publication bias, and evidence grading were all carried out. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies were included for analysis. There was a tendency for increased plaque accumulation, periodontal probing, periodontal attachment level, bleeding on probing and indices in DS individuals. Meta-analysis of 11 studies showed a significant association between DS and periodontitis (OR 3.93; 95% CI 1.81-8.53). Probing depth was significantly high in individuals with DS as compared to controls (mean difference 0.40 mm; 95% CI 0.09-0.70). Gingivitis was significantly associated (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.09-3.41) with DS in four studies. The evidence was classified as 'moderate certainty'. CONCLUSION: Medium/low-quality studies demonstrate that Down syndrome is strongly associated with periodontitis and moderately associated with gingivitis.

Efficacy of treatment of equine anhidrosis with acupuncture and Chinese herbs is low but higher in treated horses compared with placebo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture in combination with Chinese herbs for treatment of horses affected with anhidrosis. ANIMALS: 44 horses affected with anhidrosis for up to 3 years' duration were enrolled. Inclusion required both compatible clinical signs and results of a quantitative intradermal terbutaline sweat test. METHODS: Study horses were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 19) was treated with daily Chinese herbs and 4 weekly acupuncture sessions. Group 2 (n = 25) was given daily hay powder as a placebo and 4 weekly sham acupuncture sessions. Horses were tested by quantitative intradermal terbutaline sweat test within 2 days after treatment completion and again 4 weeks following treatment. RESULTS: Terbutaline-induced sweat responses (mg) were not different between groups within 2 days and 4 weeks after treatment. Two days after treatment, ratios of sweat responses (compared to baseline) were higher (P < .05) in the treatment group compared to the placebo group at terbutaline concentrations of 1.0, 100, and 1,000 µg/mL. The number of horses responding to treatment was higher in the treatment group (5/19 [26%]), compared to horses in the placebo group (1/25 [4%]) for 1 of 5 terbutaline concentrations 2 days (10 µg/mL) or 4 weeks (0.1 µg/mL) after treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ratios of sweat responses were higher in treatment horses 2 days after treatment, compared to baseline, but not 4 weeks later. The efficacy of a traditional Chinese veterinary medicine protocol for anhidrosis treatment with acupuncture and Chinese herbs was low but higher in treated horses compared with placebo.

Shockwave Therapy in Veterinary Rehabilitation.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a noninvasive treatment that involves the transcutaneous delivery of high-energy sound waves into tissue creating therapeutic effects. Shockwaves are nonlinear, high-pressure, high-velocity acoustic waves characterized by low tensile amplitude, short rise time to peak pressure, and a short duration (less than 10 milliseconds). ESWT has been shown to increase the expression of cytokines and growth factors leading to decreased inflammation, neovascularization, and cellular proliferation; activation of osteogenesis by osteoblast differentiation and then by increased proliferation; inhibition of cartilage degeneration and rebuilding of subchondral bone; and increased serotonin in the dorsal horn and descending inhibition of pain signals. Musculoskeletal conditions that can benefit from ESWT include osteoarthritis, tendinopathies, fracture/bone healing, and wound healing.

Guidelines to Home Exercises and Lifestyle Modifications for Common Small Animal Orthopedic Conditions.

Patients with osteoarthritis and other orthopedic conditions may benefit from a home exercise program, as well as lifestyle modifications based on their condition. Home exercises can be performed to improve a pet's range of motion, weight-bearing, strength, and overall mobility. A home exercise program should be designed to improve the patient's impairments, and progression of exercises should occur depending on the patient's response and ability to master each exercise. Modifications to the pet's home environment should be considered so the pet can maneuver around the house and perform its daily tasks.

Occlusal trauma is associated with periodontitis: A retrospective case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Excessive occlusal forces and occlusal trauma have been implicated as co-destructive factors for periodontitis in animal models. The objective of this study was to assess the association between occlusal trauma and periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 167 cases and 205 controls were included for analysis. Occlusal trauma was the exposures of interest and was registered for cases and controls. Additional clinical co-variables were registered as well for further analysis. The association of the exposure and periodontitis was determined by the odds ratio and logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: Amalgam restorations, pathogenic occlusion and occlusal trauma were more frequent in cases as compared to controls (P ≤ 0.05). The distribution of pathogenic occlusion and occlusal trauma was similar according to the stage and class of periodontitis. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association for cigarette smoking, systemic conditions, amalgam restorations, pathogenic occlusion, and occlusal trauma with periodontitis (P ≤ 0.05). After adjusting for confounding variables in the model, amalgam restorations and occlusal trauma remained strongly associated with periodontitis (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Occlusal trauma is strongly associated with periodontitis. Additional long-term prospective studies are necessary to further understand the impact of the occlusal condition and periodontitis.

Association between traumatic occlusal forces and periodontitis: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Occlusal adjustment is commonly recommended for patients with periodontitis and traumatic occlusion. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze available evidence for the association between traumatic occlusal forces and periodontitis. METHODS: Two focused questions were proposed: What is the effect of traumatic occlusal forces on periodontal parameters in patients with and without periodontitis? And what is the effect of occlusal interventions on periodontal parameters in patients with periodontitis? A systematic review of clinical and observational studies was performed and presented in narrative form. RESULTS: After title and abstract review a total of 30 articles were retrieved and of these 14 full-text articles were retrieved for analysis. Two RCTs, 1 cohort, 4 retrospective and 7 cross-sectional studies were included. Cross-sectional studies reported a significant association between occlusal discrepancies and probing depth and clinical attachment level. However, the magnitude of the effect is negligible when groups with and without occlusal discrepancies are compared. Intervention studies reported a minimal effect on probing depth and clinical attachment level after occlusal adjustment in patients with periodontitis as compared to teeth without occlusal adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Available human studies showed that there is limited evidence that traumatic occlusion is associated with periodontitis and to support the implementation of occlusal adjustment to significantly improve the periodontal condition in patients with periodontitis.

¿Lejos del verano?: creencias de una muestra de maestros colombianos sobre discapacidad / Far from Summer?: Beliefs of a Sampleof Colombian Teachers on Disability

Este trabajo abordó las creencias de un grupo de maestros colombianos, en torno a cinco factores relacionados con la discapacidad, a saber: (1) las percepciones sobre el estudiante con discapacidad (EcD); (2) la labor del maestro en los procesos de aprendizaje de los EcD; (3) las adaptaciones pedagógicas y el trabajo en el aula con EcD; (4) la instalación de valores inclusivos en la escuela gracias, entre otros, a la participación de alumnado con discapacidad; y (5) las condiciones y requisitos que deben darse en las escuelas para la formación de EcD. Para ello, se diseñó un cuestionario on-line que constaba de 47 preguntas, el cual fue diligenciado por 61 docentes pertenecientes a diversos niveles del sistema educativo colombiano. Los resultados indican que poseer formación en educación inclusiva y discapacidad, así como tener un posgrado en educación y trabajar en entornos educativos que fomenten acciones tendientes al reconocimiento de la diversidad, son tres variables cruciales que arrojan diferencias significativas en las creencias de los profesores encuestados. Todo lo anterior se discute en función de los retos que enfrenta la educación colombiana en el camino de alcanzar una educación inclusiva que acoja plenamente a los EcD. (AU)

This paper addressed the beliefs of a group of Colombian teachers, around five factors related to disability, namely: (1) perceptions about the student with disability (EcD); (2) the work of the teacher in the learning processes of EcD; (3) peda-gogical adaptations and classroom work with EcD; (4) the installation of inclusive values in schools, inter alia, through the participation of pupils with disabilities; and (5) the conditions and requirements to be met in schools for the training of EcD. For this pur-pose, an on-line questionnaire consisting of 47 questions was designed, which was com-pleted by 61 teachers belonging to various levels of the Colombian education system. The results indicate that they have training in inclusive education and disability, as well as have a postgraduate degree in education and work in educational environments that promote actions to recognize diversity, are three crucial variables that show significant differences in the beliefs of valued teachers. All of the above is discussed in terms of the challenges facing Colombian education on the path to achieving an inclusive education that fully embraces EcD. (AU)

Influencia de los anuncios publicitarios en redes sociales en la respuesta emocional y la intención de compra de bebidas lácteas funcionales / Influence of advertisement on social networks, in the emotional response and the intention or purchase of functional milk drinks

Resumen En la actualidad, la salud, el bienestar y la estética son relevantes para los consumidores y se ven inmersos en la publicidad a través de las redes sociales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre los anuncios publicitarios vistos a través de redes sociales, la respuesta emocional y la intención de compra de bebidas lácteas funcionales en jóvenes universitarios entre 18 y 35 años de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. La metodología es de tipo cuantitativo, a través de un diseño cuasiexperimental de un grupo control, con medición pretest/postest, a partir de la aplicación de una escala de actitudes y de la toma de registros de electromiografía para las variaciones en la respuesta emocional, tomando como variable independiente los anuncios publicitarios vistos en las redes sociales Instagram y Facebook. Los resultados confirman la relación entre el contenido del anuncio publicitario y la intención de compra de bebidas lácteas funcionales. Se identifican dos tipos de consumidores, aquellos que basan sus decisiones de consumo en argumentos médicos y científicos, y los influenciados por las redes sociales, con premisas fundamentadas desde lo intuitivo, en el poder que ejercen los grupos de seguidores, el número de likes y la influencia de la tecnología.

Abstract Currently, health, wellness and aesthetics are relevant for consumers and are immersed in advertising through social networks. With regard to food and especially the consumption of functional milk drinks, advertising has specialized in transmitting a series of messages providing nutritional benefits of these products to improve the quality of physical and mental life in consumers, mainly acting as an adjuvant in digestive, immune, and cardiovascular systems. In correspondence with the above, the advertising of the registered trademarks of these beverages, supported by social networks such as Facebook and Instagram, is immersed in a set of dualities associated with self-gratification and pleasure for the functional food consumed; and, on the other hand, in the formation of premises and subjective beliefs, associated with feelings of guilt and displacement against the excessive consumption of calories and fats that are normally stipulated by medical societies and the same market, to encourage the consumption of these drinks. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the advertisements seen through social networks, the emotional response and the intention of purchase of functional milk drinks in university students between the ages of 18 and 35 in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. The methodology was quantitative, through a quasi-experimental design of a control group, with young students participating from a private university in Bogotá, with pre and post-test measurement, based on the application of an attitude scale, who asked about beliefs and attitudes oriented to the properties of functional milk drinks, knowledge and associated buying and consumption behaviors. Electromyography records were taken, with the support of the biofeedback software, to verify the variations in the emotional response, taking as an independent variable the ads seen in the social networks of Instagram and Facebook. The analysis of the results was carried out through the Functional Data Analysis for the understanding of the behavior of the electromyographic signals and the registered emotional variations, and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, to establish the relationships between the purchase intention and the announcements in the networks social, with support of statistical software R 3.5.3. The results confirm the influence that the ads seen on social networks have on the variations in the emotional response of the consumer of functional milk drinks. These results are consistent with the technical and empirical postulates that pose the role of facial expression of emotions as an indicator of adaptation to environmental conditions and the demands of the digital medium. With reference to the content of the public announcement as a determining factor in the intention to buy functional milk drinks, two types of consumers were identified, those who base their consumption decisions based on medical and scientific premises, and consumers influenced by social networks. The arguments are based on the intuitive, the power exerted by the groups of followers, the number of likes and the influence of technology. From this point of view, the planned action of the behaviors involved in the purchase intention is influenced by social networks and the information exposed through them, configuring normative beliefs and motivational aspects with a representative nutritional hedonic value.

Evaluation of removal torque values for titanium screws of prosthetic abutments after different torque application techniques: in vitro study / Avaliação dos valores de torque de remoção para parafusos de titânio de abutments protéticos após aplicação de diferentes técnicas de torque: estudo in vitro

Objetivo: Avaliar os valores de torque de remoção em abutments parafusados após aplicação de diferentes técnicas de torque. Materiais e Métodos: Trinta espécimes de implante hexágono externo, abutment pré-fabricado e parafuso de titânio foram distribuídos randomicamente em três grupos. No grupo 1, os parafusos receberam um torque de 30 N.cm; no grupo 2 receberam um torque de 30N.cm e um segundo torque após 10 min, de acordocom a técnica proposta por Brending et al. e Dixon et al.; no grupo 3, um torque de 30 N.cm foi aplicado e mantido por 20 s, de acordo com a técnica recomendada por Sella et al. Os espécimes foram inseridos na máquina de teste universal e uma chave digital foi acoplada a célula de carga para controlar o valor de torque e a velocidade de 1N.cm/s. O torque de remoção foi realizado 10 min após o torque de aplicação. Os valores foramestatisticamente analisados usando 1-way ANOVA e Tukey HSD test (α = 0,05). Resultados: As médias e desvio padrão (±SD) dos valores de torque deremoção encontrados foram 27,95 ± 0,99N.cm para o grupo 1; 28,32 ± 0,68N.cm para o grupo 2 e 26,89 ± 1,03 N.cm para o grupo 3. Os grupos 1e 2 exibiram valores estatisticamente mais altos de torque quando comparados ao grupo 3 (p < 0,05).Conclusão: A técnica recomendada por Breeding et al. e Dixon et al. pareceu ser a melhor opção quando considerado os valores do torque de remoção de implantes hexágono externo.

Objective: To evaluate the removal torque values on abutment screws after different torque application techniques. Materials and Methods: Thirty specimens of an external hexagon implant, a prefabricated abutment and a titanium screw were distributed randomly in three groups. In group 1, the screws received a torque of 30N.cm; group 2 received a torque of 30N.cm and a second torque after 10 min, in accordance with the technique proposed by Brending et al. and Dixon et al.; in group 3, a torque of 30 N.cm was applied and maintained for 20 s, in accordance with the technique recommended by Sella et al. The specimens were attached to a universaltesting machine and a digital key was coupled to the load cell in order to control the torque value at a velocity of 1 N.cm/s. Removal torque was performed 10 minutes after torque application. Values were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (α = 0.05). Results:The mean and standard deviations (±SD) of removal torque values found were 27.95 ± 0.99N.cm for group 1, 28.32 ± 0.68N.cm for group 2 and 26.89±1.03N.cm for group 3. Groups 1 and 2 exhibited statistically higher values of torque than group 3 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The techniquerecommended by Breeding et al. and Dixon et al. seemed to be the best option when considering the removal torque values of external hexagonimplants

Prevalencia y distribución de la agenesia dental en pacientes pediátricos del Área Metropolotana de Caracas Venezuela / Prevalence and distribution of dental agenesis in pediatric patients Metropolitan Area of Caracas Venezuela

La agenesia dental es la anomalía del desarrollo más frecuente en el ser humano, estando frecuentemente asociada a maloclusiones y alteraciones estéticas y funcionales. Determinar la prevalencia y distribución de la agenesia dental en dos grupos de niños del Área Metropolitana de Caracas-Venezuela. Fueron evaluadas 1.188 radiografías panorámicas previamente realizadas de pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 5 y 18 años, tanto en un servicio universitario como en una clínica privada. Fueron excluidos pacientes con Hendidura Labio Palatina (HLP), condiciones sistémicas o síndromes. Se registró la agenesia de dientes permanentes, exceptuando terceros molares. Fueron calculados estadísticos descriptivos , porcentajes, , diferencias entre promedios (t de Student, con significación estadística p=0,05) y correlaciones entre variables (rho de Pearson, con significación estadística p=0,01). La prevalencia de agenesia fue de 5,6%, registrándose 66 pacientes afectados, con mayor proporción para el género femenino (razón 1,44). La media de dientes ausentes fue de 1,64, observándose un total de 108 dientes con agenesia. Los promedios por género y grupo de estudio no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativa entre. Los segundos premolares inferiores fueron los más afectados (35,19%), seguidos de los incisivos laterales superiores (30,55%). El 90,9% de los casos presentó agenesia de uno o dos dientes. Hubo diferencias entre géneros en la distribución de agenesia y se halló correlación inversa entre la presencia de agenesia en el maxilar superior y el inferior. La prevalencia y distribución de agenesia dental en esta investigación está en concordancia con la reportado en estudios internacionales. Los patrones de agenesia variaron entre géneros, siendo el femenino.

Dental agenesis is the most common developmental anomaly in humans, frequently associated with malocclusion with esthetic and functional consequences. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of dental agenesis in two groups of children from the Caracas Metropolitan Area-Venezuela. 1,188 panoramic radiographs from patients ages 5 to 18 years old were studied for agenesis of permanent teeth excluding third molars. Radiographs were previously taken in both a University Clinical Service and a private practice. Patients with cleft lip and palate, systemic disease or syndromes were excluded. Descriptive analysis of data was performed, as well as differences between means (Student t test p=0.05) and correlations (Pearson p=0.01). Dental agenesis affected 66 patients, for a prevalence of 5.6%. Females were most affected (1.44 to 1) with an overall mean of 1.64. The difference of means between genders and populations were not statistically significant. A total of 108 teeth were missing, being the most affected the second mandibular premolars (35.19%), followed by the lateral maxillary incisors. 90,9% of patients presented agenesis of one or two teeth. Differences were observed in the distribution of dental agenesis between genders and inverse correlation was obtained for dental agenesis between the maxilla and mandible. The results of prevalence and distribution of dental agenesis in this study agree with previous international studies. Patterns were variable between genders; females were more affected than males.

Prevalencia de maloclusiones dentales en un grupo de pacientes pediátricos

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la prevalencia de las maloclusiones dentales en los pacientes atendidos en el área de Ortodoncia Interceptiva del Postgrado de Odontología Infantil de la UCV. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: La población muestral la constituyeron 479 registros diagnóstico de estos pacientes. Se realizó el estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo utilizando la Clasificación de Angle, modificación Dewey-Anderson. RESULTADOS: El 64,30% de los pacientes presentó maloclusión Clase I; 20,67% Clase II y 15, 03% Clase III. El 97,29% de los pacientes tuvo edades entre 5 y 12 años inclusive y un promedio de 8 años. Hubo mayor proporción de varones 52,82% que hembras 47,18%. CONCLUSIÓN: La maloclusión Clase I fue la más prevalente, seguida de la Clase II y en menor proporción la Clase III. Las variaciones metodológicas en la selección y diagnóstico, aunadas a las características inherentes al grupo estudiado, diferencian los resultados obtenidos a los publicados en otros estudios epidemiológicos.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dental malocclusion presented by pediatric patients treated at the Interceptive Orthodontics Clinic, Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, UCV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Orthodontic diagnostic records of 479 patients were used. Classification was made based on Angle’s criteria, using Dewey-Anderson’s modifications. RESULTS: 64.30% of the simple presented with Class I malocclusion, 20.67% with Class II and 15.03% with Class III. 97,29 % of the patients were ages 5 to 12, being mean age 8 years old at evaluation. Frequency of boys (52,82%) was slightly higher than girls (47,18 %). CONCLUSION: Class I maloclusión was most frequent, followed by Class II and Class III. The prevalence of each malocclusion differs from other studies due to methodological variations in the selection and classification of patients and characteristics inherent to this particular group.